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give me the book£¿¡±×ÖÃæÒâ˼£¨literal meaning£¬natural meaning£¬ or sentence meaning£©ÊÇѯÎÊÌý»°ÈËÊÇ·ñÓдËÄÜÁ¦£¬µ«ÆäÑÔÍâÖ®Ò⣨implied meaning£¬meaning-nn£¬utterance-meaning or speaker-meaning£©ÔòÍùÍùÊÇÇëÇ󡣸ÃÇëÇóÊÇÒÔѯÎÊÐÎʽ·¢³öµÄ£¬µ«»¹Òª±í´ïÇëÇóÕâÒ»ÑÔÓïÐÐΪ¡£ÖÁÓÚÈçºÎÀí½âÏñ¡°It¡¯s cold in here.¡±ÕâÀà·Ç¹æÔ¼ÐԵļä½ÓÑÔÓïÐÐΪ¾ä£¬Çé¿ö¾Í±È½Ï¸´ÔÓÁË¡£·¢»°Õß¿ÉÄÜÕæµÄÊdzÂÊöÕâÒ»ÊÂʵ£¬Ò²¿ÉÄÜÊÇÇëÇó¶Ô·½¹ØÉÏ´°»òÃÅ£¬»ò´ò¿ªµçÅ¯Æø¡£Óöµ½ÕâÖÖÇé¿öʱ£¬Ìý»°ÕßÐèÒÀÀµÓï¾³¡¢Ë«·½¹²Öª»òÓïÓÃÍÆÀíµÈµÈ²ÅÄÜ×àЧ¡£ÏÖÔÚÈÃÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´¿´ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×Ó¡£

Mary£ºWhat I would like to eat tonight is an osso-bucco.

Peter: I had a long day. I¡¯m tired.

(D.Sperber & D. Wilson, 1986)

ÏȲ»ËµÈçºÎ²Â³ö¡°osso-bucco¡±ÊÇʲô£¬ÒòΪ¡°eat¡±Ò»´Ê¿ÉÌṩÏßË÷¡£ÈçºÎÀí½âPeterµÄ»°£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÒÀÀµÒÔÏÂÍÆÀí£º1£©Peter is tired. 2) If Peter is tired, he wishes Mary would make the dinner. 3) Peter wishes Mary would make the dinner. ÕâÑùÒ»À´,ÎÒÃǾͿÉÒÔ°ÑPeterËù˵µÄ»°Àí½âΪ¡°ÒªMarry×Ô¼º×ö·¹¡±¡£

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a) I want you to take notes.

b) I would be happy if you take notes.

c) Can you take notes?

d) Are you able to take notes by any chance?

e) Would you take notes?

f) Won¡¯t you take notes?

g) Would you mind taking notes?

h) Would you be willing to take notes?

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[1] Austin£¬J.L. How to Do Things with Words, J.O. Urmson, New York, OUP, 1962.

[2] Berg,J. The Relevant Relevance, 16, Journal of Pragmatics, 1991.

[3] ºÎ×ÔÈ»£¬¡°ÍÆÀíºÍ¹ØÁª¡±£¬ÔØ¡¶ÍâÓï½Ìѧ¡·£¬1997£¨4£©¡£

[4] ¼ÖÓñУ¬¡¶¿çÎÄ»¯½»¼Êѧ¡·£¬ÉϺ££¬ÉϺ£ÍâÓï½ÌÓý³ö°æÉ磬1998¡£

[5] ÀîÁ¦£¬³ÂÖΰ²£¬¡¶ÓïÑÔ¡¤ÎÄ»¯¡¤ÍâÓï½Ìѧ¡·£¬ÖØÇ죬Î÷ÄÏʦ·¶´óѧ³ö°æÉ磬1997¡£

[6] Searle, J. R. Speech Acts, Cambridge, Cambridge VP, 1979.

[7] Sperber, D. & D. Wilson, Relevance, Communication and Cognition, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1986.