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С˵ʮͣʮͣإ͵С˵˵̫١ҧС˵˸¥ݺղķʿ֮Ϊǻʮǰ˵ġʮִӰӵսС˵Ӿӳϵ顢ڴýϵİܼЩ뿿С˵ʴ˵µҲáʽҲգʵС˵Ǿ֡
Դ¡2000ҳ366
ϹչƻUNDPġ1999չ桷(Human Development Report 1999)ķʹľ˵ȦΪ˿ڣɷΪ밵ɫШʾΪȫΧڵ磨Internet1ʹߡʾͨͨŵļƣҲȫµIJԣҲνȵϢչ(uneven informational development)磨µȫϵˣͨ·ȴڸԣҵ֮䡣羭ú߷չ֯OECDռ˿ڵ19%ȴʹߵ91%ϹչƻǣϰΪͨͣµϰѾ֣ռȫϢŵᣬȴžأԲأųˡ
ǽһϣ1998УԷ˿ֻռ˿֮4.7%ȴռ磨ʹ˿ڵ26.3%ǣ˿ռ22.2%ʹ˿ȴֻ0.4%ǰһЩҵʹ˿ڱߣŷı(ӽ40%)䣨30%ȡǵ¼³ɹɫ20%2ЩҲдķʽʹƹ磨ʼƶͨ·֮ģøĸˡ塢Сҵڹط̻нӽ磨ĺİɳСȴʹ˿ڸڷңǽ磨ΪѧϰĹߣǴ綯ߡӡȣ̫ܳļʹƫԶӴϢҽƷ3Ӧô˵ֺ蹵(ֲ࣬digital divide)DZصĸǽӽͨ·ѣʹõƷʡϵǶȫ¼սʶǹ״Ϊ֪ʶ
ǺܰҴǰʦ?˹أManuel Castells4ڵ顶ϢʱãĻThe Information Age: Economy, Society and CultureΪġϢʱһΪ֮𡷣The Rise of the Network Society1996ڶΪͬThe Power of Identity(1997)Ϊǧ֮սᡷEnd of Millennium(1998)ӢھBlackwell棬еΪӦΣ1999ٰ̫һ¡Ϊȡ֮ʱЧһ1996淭ʱ̨֯ѧоIJʿоֹ루߷ֹȨҳǵȵڶнʱ˾־ԭһΪ2000һٰ淢СˣǾ뱾ijʱ䲻Ӣİ棬һλĿǰ뱾2000°汾ΪĿIJڽߣǽӺϻᡣ
ϣ뻪˶߷إһƵѧԷͬӦлͺս鲻δѧڸֵṹ߳ԸṹΪᡣ?źAlain Touraine齫Ϊإһ͵ľ䡣һ֮𡷳?͵˹Anthony GiddensƳ籾֮Ϣᣬһǰ˹?ΤMax WeberġᡷEconomy and Society֮ڹҵᡣ͵˹żɽָӦѧµʱˡִѧڹҵľޱУŷ⽨ķ档죬ޱȫٶ١ϢʱᣬȫΪҡԹ̶ռΪңң(nation state)֯ļʽİƶĹڣִԵʥȴӰϢȫб任Ϊɻķ롣ǰްͣѩӵءȷ֪Ϯùʱշ磬Ȼߡжǰǣ˵ʱ ǡҲʵ֮֮һƳԼʷɼĹؼѧϰ֪֮ʶ
ȫι¼Ϣ͡ߡݹȣȣֵϢֻƼǵģɼġȻһΪϵͳΪչʷ1990Ŀ¾õҪϢ 绯ȫߡļѱʱģתĻ¿Ƽ֮Ҳ˵ԻĹ벻ȶϵԼϢƼ߶ʾ֮֯ҪԺͶ廯ƣչ(development)¶ΪϢչ(info-development)Ҳתʱռ䡣ʱپƶռ䣨space of flowsתطռ(space of places)ӶýҲڰǷֻΪġ롰ġ˿ڣǰܲ£Ϣʷ֮Уռ䲢Ǽ˵طռ䣺תĹ̲ǹؼ磬ҵܵӴijδʧDZתѵʽƩֵù۲Ķѷ(Amazon.com)ڳȺ۵ļ˥ˣЩĻᱻָΪʷĵر꣨ɽɽij֮City Lights BookstoreⱻƻȻЩֳĿռĻζʵ꣬ҲȻȫϢУлΪıĿռΧ֮ҪԪأʦŪڶ뽨ϻȫµı̨鼮ֶ̽ӡٳг֮ʱһ棬鼮ĻʽҲпܱƵøϸ£ΪֹIJƷڷҳʱòĶ֮ий١ƷĹʣ֮䣬ĶۼϷ˷ָƷ ijԣԼһ̨档ƷѵIJֻе֪ʶϢҪǼ϶ڳƷĶΪһѵ̬˳ƷռչֵĻ롣ƷΪһֶʶֱ̬ӳΪѵĶȫϢհʮͳִᾭʡ˼Ҳʷеij˵IJǣڳεʱʱѵڹȵ(arcade)д羭ƷĴͣǵĿСƷѣij½ΪĹ5ʮɫľֵ÷֮Ե磨Ӱ¾һι̡ЩжӽļֵЩȴԭͬھֿս̰Ͷ쭵ĵֿöͽ뱩Ϊ̨ͬԱͶȻĿŵسΪξýϵϷ롣Ȼж߱˽תеᲢʶ¼ӴռIJݸ(grassrooting the space of flows)ʷ뼼սʷû߷ԵĿռ䡣ȫתĹֵ̽ĻڣʷĽδ֪
ֵעȫչУ̫õı仯1960꿪ʼ1980֮ɳˣȻð1997-98ΣͻȻԼ֮ิաʷԵIJѰñ֣ǿԾɵ̥Ƕᣬ̫Ϊµȫ¹ʷֹóתɷչйҵķֻʹͳҼϱԿʧȥ˷ʵ塣Ҳıȫʱ뻪ʱͶظı˶ǣ绪ϵȻгеóģʽԽһ죬ǻῴձҼսڵҵ뼼֮˫ԡȫУرijóʣ࣬еյ볬ϵδľóɳı䡣仰˵̫ޣΪһоԵڡֻһΪȫùᴩڹʷֹҵģٷչޡΣǸһȫ֮СȻйӡδķչóױĶԡĿǰǰ¾¼ĺġֵĶǾ壬ҵǰкòȫڼϢͼռ似IJࡣǼµ¸֮ˣ൱ϵܴԵʹϢ봫ȫӺϵطҲͬʱΪ¹ʷֹеҵأڶֿپ÷չ͵ġƻ ĻҽŽֻʶ̧ͷʶˡԱϵı䣬µᶯ֡ȥսʱڵĵжԹϵҲݱɸӵȫĻϵᣬʷɢµ(Chinese Diasporaoverseas Chinese) ȱµķԲɲδ˼ȫеľûĻת䣬ֵ֧ܵؾͬأԵǰٶȵıǨͽṹԵʷתִͳķѾʧȥʵҪ֪ʷʱƣΪʷڷҳҪʷУΪǵʷ֮⣬ʷС1997ΣȫϢʱĵһξѶǿԤһŵޣҲȴһģͻ硣 һ棬ȫøıս羭ú߷չ֯OECDҵĹϵԭԾ벻ԾģµĶοꡣѾ˼еĹƶԽɫĸı䡣ǿ˶ѹеĸѱλռ˽˻֮ԵأΪŷͬһʱƶһĶ壬Ծ౻ʴٷĻƻǼɧͬ˶ķһԹ֮ĺĽǰᵽϢͣԼһ˶ͬǹḡֵĻǣͬĵֿѲͬǰŵִͬ˶ڣȻǿ˶Ƭϻطһ⡢֮Уݷ쭡ͬε֮СʱҪ˶֮ǽͬԴΪƻԵͬproject identityлֿͬ(resistance identity)½תϵԡʷֽ˲֮䣬ֻ¸ṹǿʷΣȡõƶȾȻʹ˳ʧСȨƶ˫˫ҡǰΪȫᴩֵļƶΪýֵŤʽڱײƱѡͳͬ볬гѡƷһʱЩΪڿѡԼͳˣǣʵľȴȹԣڸңԶľӢϽСԾҹĵԣ龰ԿϢеĺִΣضǰһʷĹ ңңϢʱ֮ȫʷתȻڣȻҵʽʽҲ¿ʼһ棬ȫƼѹ֮£ڳйңcity-stateʷ֮ϣŷͳһľ壬ŷԭңңеĹ̶磬ȴδңңġȫŷң⸴еҵĹȨǣңnetwork state֮ƶȣĻϵŷͬΪϵ뾭ý֮ƻһ棬Խȫͳȫã۽Ϣ磬ȨͳȴеŲȷչĿռǿռƬϣfragmentsҲǹƬ(segments) γɵĵIJ塣Ҳ˵ڽʱʲô˽·Ȩͼȫƶ¼ȷʵҪϵbroaden governanceֻڹȥ(government)ɫˣϵterritorial governanceع֮ҰܽչԵҵ֯Ӫ֯ҪܵͼеĸӦٶطΪȱʧգ̫ķչԹңdevelopmental stateʷԵ֯ɫ;书ܣƵĿٱ仯ɵĹҾңңɫܷطµĽṹԽɫսأطϵ(local governance)ҪβŻṻУӦȫϢѾȨ˵˵ģempoweredݸҪأԣķ˹صֳ(De Digitale Stad, The Digital City)ƻõ70Υ˶ӵƶи֧֣δҵȴεIJݸԡ磬ݹȣȣ-̨Ϣʽ˲˼ȫϢļѧϰ㡣6Ѿȫ˵̨壬ҵҪԴ֮һݹȡ̨й½غȫͳ(global megacities)֮ԣӹҵ֮ʻ硣7Ȼ¹ϵȴҪεأڶǶʷŲ֮ϣ궫ǹóչƺ˳йҵʻǣҰԽ̫ŵĴսսʹʵԵεʷӰҵDZأȫеļԣҵҵ֯ɫҪΪؼŴйɥʧԭ֮һȱٵԵıعšҵĶռһʶ̬ͻȨһͳԣԱŷ֮Ե˴˹Ļʹʧȥ˼ơڹȥŷޣʷγ˾뼼չĶҳɾִѧԼڽѱɵν֪ʷǶȱȶԱ֮࣬dzȻˡ֮ͣɸĸﵽɱ䷨ͼǿҵת죬Ǻòлٶµʷת۵㣬ȴһ¼ҪٶȒǵʱë鷨鲻࣬Ǧʡֱʡԭ/Բʣ֮룬ⲻֻд֮£˵ḡ֣Ѿ뼼Ҳ»ĻˡȻʱӢѾǿƵΪ繤Ե´߱ƴǰûĸɵĿԼĶѣҲˣڸԳ˼άȻд¿Ƽл½ΪһĵӴʽУ˼άĴͳûDZٽһȫ֯ĻλѾˣһŶߵ磬һĻȫ֮伸ʽ֮Ǽ(intercity networking)ɫȫþϢУȫijǸδսDZأȫϢڵأķ棬ʮҶб(I.E.Repin)ķ˷ͼֳũ飬ԽʱգΪչֺ蹵ŵڣȻǵĹἯеıʵǻʶԡ֮ѧĿƶѹ֮кѸܵĻԤǧ̫ƽʢڽҸСǣȫõĽгУϢȡԼʱ֮ʵõˣңǻһǮĵһֵһǮǮͶIJ硣
ϾѾǹȥı֮أҲɽֹڱΪ¸֮ƬΣܱ֮ɼΪͽ֮硣DzԷƱôҪβȫתĹأʷվ֣ؽ迪ŵܵҰȫתĹиǵʷռʱ䣬壬ʷκͻֻͬпԼӭ˷ϢDZսĽ֮÷չոֵпʽл߶ΣϢ(informational city)лΪɾӵijУlivable cityڶ١ˮףϣȻóƣӥգΪǽӺϵľϸ̬ҪԼˣˣҪʶȫϵͳеٵᡣ
ڳ֮Ҫظ֮ܣ8ʶ?˾ؽ䣺
˾һѧԺѧ߲ͬIJѧɴɼһȻ䲩ѧ˵ԲѰѧ9˵ΪͶ˶ηʼҰо뽲ѧ֪ʶọ́仰˵˾ءѧʶ֮ԭǰ һԹ֮˾ԭ¡ɵͳμ壬ȴһͬնϼͥϵͶʸ編˹Ȩ˶20ηδȡð¡ɴѧѧλȻ˶˶飬ҲǰĸߵʵѧԺҵѧоҵоԱ(1965-67)˾ǰ?źѧ˹?˹(Nicos Poulantzas)ĺѡ1968˶ʱ˾ǰѧУѧ(1967-69)ٶȱֻתμôؿɴѧ(University of Montreal)ѧ(1969-70)ҲڴǰӵʱڵĶо(19681970)1970𣬿˾ΰĸߵѧԺ(Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales)10ѧԼѧоΡһֱ1979꣬ݴѧؿУ滮ѧϵΪϳɵлؽɫܳһԵѧߣѧԺȽɫǣͬʱֱȡ?˾˵?(Peter Hall)ڷӢԴˣ뿪ŷ˾زת˺ΪȫѧԺоߡҪѧʽĴ𰸣ϸ˵˾صҪоΪϢѧϢѧȽ϶лչȽϼߡξѧ˶ѧȡ11Ȼ˶ʵ֮飬˾֪֪ʶ/оߣ˶/֮ϵԵ塣
˾صĹʼ1960ĩ1970ɰͼ(Althusserian)֮۽ǶȣԵ˶ɵʷת۷ʡĶ֯ʱ£֥ӸѧΪѧʶУ˶ѧ͵תơ12Դˣռ/ߵξѧΪѧԺ۾䡣дԵǡ⡷(The Urban Question)һ顣ֻDZӢ뱾ʱ(1977꣬ԭΪ1972)Ӣ˵Ѿתǽṹˡ1980ġΣᡷ1970ĩ
1983Ҫˣǡݸ(The City and the Grassroots)һ顣ǶԶ˶Ҫ䡣ڶ˶1960-70ʵֵ︡˶ͳһʱȱӦ˾ؽӺʵо˼ı˹ȥ˶Ĵͳ۵㣬ʷҰҲ?ܶ˹(C. Wright Mills Award)
֮оԸ߿Ƽᾭõijʱļٽṹ̺ͶչԼйҵ½ε¸ֵоˡдԵҪ1989ġϢС(The Informational City)ˡ1994ŵġ缼С(Technopoles of the World)棬꣬Ķмƻķ˹ֱ90ӽڣ˾ΪͻȻĽԭ¶ų˹ȥȫԼȫϢʱ֮֮Լͬ˶һʻʾʮоת֮ʣȫԵܽᡣ
飬ڶֳ࣬ǰἰ˾ع㷺ĵооĹҳʮֻһŷĹҵᣬޡޡȷչйңȤĵطرйصģ19831987оۣ1987¼£1988ںµ1989̨ȣ19881995ձһŴѧ1984ꡢ1990ꡢ1991ꡢ19931997Ī˹ƴѧǶѧԺľ빤ҵоԺ(IEIE)1987йԺ뿼켼ߣ˹йľִ뼼ߵݽ˱Ϻݡ뺼ݡķرڵ֮С
ڱٵȫϢʱ֮սҪķĿǰѾ12ֵ뱾ˣ˾ݽdzѧ硣ԣ 2000£˹ŷ˸߷˾ԡŷ¾áϯŵı棬Լŷ۲ͨһЩؼţŷϢ(European Information Society)ѾΪŷˡ132000Ϲ»ԡϢȫչݽΪϹЭϢϵرա䡱ǡߡĵ(switch-off areas)Ϣ蹵ȫ²չߵ֪ʶоʼӰʵҲµתԣ⣬뷨ȻеĻĸı䣬?˾֮ڡ
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1 networkΪ磬Ϣѧѧ֮˫ҪԼ㷺ؿ¼¡ۡ½ȵ֮ʹá۵ĽǣĿǰ̨ͨõġ硱뷨߾˼ѧĸą̊́Ϣѧ˴ʱڼʵϢ֮ԣ硱֮硱ȡ·롰·֮·ӣȴӺϼ֮Ļ˽⣬ҲĶࡣˣInternet,
World Wide Webרдʣʹü⣬networknetȾΪ硱
2 Ȼ磨ضʹ߷棬¼µŮԱȴֻռ34%Ϊ66%30%ϣ۸Ů(42%)̨帾Ů(38%)(Net Value 20007µ8µĵϡ)
3 ϲοϹչƻġ1999չ桷UNDP (1999) Human Development Report, 1999, New York, New York: Oxford University Press, pp.63-64.
4 ?˹ϵ˹1989̨ʱۺȷȥIJͬ?˹ءŦ?˹˹̩˹ȡ
5 ĵ(2000)ĶƷƷĿռĻʽ̨ѧо˶ʿġ
6 ο?ɯᰲԹҵҵоSaxenian, AnnaLee 1999Silicon Valley's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs, San Francisco, California: Public Policy Institute of California.
7 ο (2000)ȫ֮ʱ̨ӹҵ֮硱̨о棩 8 Կ˾˼ϿԲο(1992)۽̨̨оԿ02ɽҳ217-221֮ɼţ־(1991)ռĻʽ̨ġ
9 ˾Ͷ¡ɴѧ뾭ѧϵ(1958-62)ѧξѧƾ (1964)ѧͶѧоͶѧƾ(˶ʿ)(1965)ѧߵʵѧԺ(Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes) (EPHE)ѧоƾ˶ʿʿްࣩ(1966)ԼֱԲͬĻ1967ѧѧβʿѧѧʿѧĿѧҲʿ
10 ԭ֮ߵʵѧԺ(EPHE)1974ڷٷߵȽϵͳܵϿɣ1975ΪߵѧԺ
11 1998꣬ѧЭѧɾ͵뺣?ֵ½(Robert and Helen Lynd Award)
12 Ӣõ˵Ƥ˹(C.G. Pickvance)ġѧļһ飺Pickvance, C.G. (1976) Urban Sociology: Critical Essays, New York: St. Martin's Press.
13 ŷĵǣ¾ö
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