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Ѷͬ˶Ϣʱİ



С˵ʮͣʮͣإ͵С˵˵̫١ҧС˵˸¥ݺղķʿ֮޿Ϊǻʮǰ˵ġʮִӰӵսС˵Ӿӳϵ顢ڴýϵİܼЩ뿿С˵ʴ˵µҲáʽҲգʵС˵Ǿ֡

Դ¡2000ҳ366

ϹչƻUNDPġ1999෢չ桷(Human Development Report 1999)ķʹľ˵ȦΪ˿ڣɷΪ밵ɫШʾΪȫΧڵ磨Internet1ʹߡʾͨͨŵļƣҲȫµIJԣҲνȵϢչ(uneven informational development)磨µȫϵˣͨ·ȴڸԣҵ֮䡣羭ú߷չ֯OECDռ˿ڵ19%ȴʹߵ91%ϹչƻǣϰΪͨͣµϰѾ֣ռȫϢŵᣬȴžأԲأųˡ

ǽһϣ1998УԷ˿ֻռ˿֮4.7%ȴռ磨ʹ˿ڵ26.3%ǣ˿ռ22.2%ʹ˿ȴֻ0.4%ǰһЩҵʹ˿ڱߣŷı(ӽ40%)䣨30%ȡǵ¼³ɹɫ20%2ЩҲдķʽʹƹ磨ʼƶͨ·֮ģøĸˡ塢Сҵڹط̻нӽ磨޵ĺİɳСȴʹ˿ڸڷңǽ磨ΪѧϰĹߣǴ綯ߡӡȣ̫ܳļʹƫԶӴϢҽƷ3Ӧô˵ֺ蹵(ֲ࣬digital divide)DZصĸ⻹ǽӽͨ·ѣʹõƷʡϵǶȫ¼սʶǹ״Ϊ֪ʶ

ǺܰҴǰʦ?˹أManuel Castells4ڵ顶ϢʱãĻThe Information Age: Economy, Society and CultureΪġϢʱһΪ֮𡷣The Rise of the Network Society1996ڶΪͬThe Power of Identity(1997)Ϊǧ֮սᡷEnd of Millennium(1998)ӢھBlackwell棬еΪӦ޾Σ1999ٰ޶̫һ¡Ϊȡ֮ʱЧһ1996淭ʱ̨֯ѧоIJʿоֹ루߷ֹȨҳǵȵڶнʱ˾־޶ԭһΪ2000һٰ淢СˣǾ뱾ijʱ䲻Ӣİ棬һλĿǰ뱾2000°汾Ϊ򣬿ĿIJڽߣǽӺϻᡣ

ϣ뻪˶߷إһƵѧԷͬӦлͺս鲻δѧڸֵṹ߳ԸṹΪᡣ?źAlain Touraine齫Ϊإһ͵ľ䡣һ֮𡷳󣬰?͵˹Anthony GiddensƳ籾֮Ϣᣬһǰ˹?ΤMax WeberġᡷEconomy and Society֮ڹҵᡣ͵˹żɽָӦѧµʱˡִѧڹҵľޱУŷ⽨ķ档죬ޱȫٶ١Ϣʱᣬȫ򾭼Ϊ׶ҡԹ̶ռΪңң(nation state)֯ļʽİƶĹڣִԵʥ⻷ȴӰϢȫб任Ϊɻķ롣ǰްͣѩӵءȷ֪Ϯùʱշ磬Ȼߡжǰǣ˵ʱ ǡҲʵ֮֮һƳԼʷɼĹؼѧϰ֪֮ʶ

ȫ򾭼ι¼Ϣ͡ߡݹȣȣֵϢֻƼǵģɼġȻһΪϵͳΪչʷ1990Ŀ¾õҪϢ 绯ȫ򻯡ߡļѱʱģתĻ¿Ƽ֮Ҳ˵ԻĹ벻ȶϵԼϢƼ߶ʾ֮֯ҪԺͶ廯ƣչ(development)¶ΪϢչ(info-development)Ҳתʱռ䡣ʱپ޷ƶռ䣨space of flowsתطռ(space of places)ӶýҲڰǷֻΪġ롰ġ˿ڣǰܲ£򱻶Ϣʷ֮Уռ䲢Ǽ򵥵˵طռ䣺תĹ̲ǹؼ磬ҵܵӴijδʧDZתѵʽƩֵù۲Ķ󡣵ѷ(Amazon.com)ڳȺ۵ļ˥ˣЩĻᱻָΪʷĵر꣨ɽɽij֮City Lights BookstoreⱻƻȻЩֳĿռĻζʵ꣬ҲȻȫϢУлΪıĿռΧ֮ҪԪأʦŪڶ뽨ϻȫµı̨鼮ֶ̽ӡٳг֮ʱһ棬鼮ĻʽҲпܱƵøϸ£ΪֹIJƷڷҳʱòĶ֮ий١ƷĹʣ֮䣬ĶۼϷ˷ָƷ ijԣԼһ̨񻰴档ƷѵIJֻе֪ʶϢҪǼ϶ڳƷ󣬡ĶΪһѵ̬˳ƷռչֵĻ롣ƷΪһֶʶֱ̬ӳΪѵĶȫϢհʮͳִᾭʡ˼Ҳʷеij˵IJǣڳεʱʱѵڹȵ(arcade)д羭ƷĴͣǵĿСƷѣij½׼ΪĹ5ʮɫľֵ÷֮Ե磨Ӱ¾һι̡ЩжӽļֵЩȴԭͬھֿս̰Ͷ쭵ĵֿöͽ뱩Ϊ̨ͬԱͶȻĿŵسΪξýϵϷ롣Ȼж߱˽תеᲢʶ¼ӴռIJݸ(grassrooting the space of flows)ʷ뼼սʷû߷ԵĿռ䡣ȫתĹֵ̽ĻڣʷĽδ֪

ֵעȫ򾭼չУ̫õı仯1960꿪ʼ1980֮󣬶ɳˣȻð1997-98޾ΣͻȻԼ֮ิաʷԵIJѰñ֣ǿԾɵ̥Ƕᣬ̫Ϊµȫ¹ʷֹó׵תɷչйҵķֻʹͳҼϱԿʧȥ˷ʵ塣Ҳıȫʱ뻪ʱͶ򣬳׵ظı˶ǣ绪໥ϵȻгеóģʽԽһ죬ǻῴձ޹Ҽսڵҵ뼼֮˫ԡȫ򾭼Уرijóʣ࣬еյ볬ϵδ޵ľóɳı䡣仰˵̫ޣΪһоԵ񲢲ڡֻһΪȫ򾭼ùᴩڹʷֹҵģٷչޡ޾ΣǸһȫ򾭼֮СȻйӡδķչóױĶԡĿǰǰ¾¼ĺġ󲿷ֵĶǾ壬ҵǰк󣬾òȫڼϢͼռ似IJࡣǼµ¸֮ˣ൱ϵܴԵʹϢ봫ȫӺϵطҲͬʱΪ¹ʷֹеҵأڶֿپ÷չ͵ġƻ ĻҽŽ׼ֻʶ̧ͷʶˡԱϵı䣬µᶯ֡ȥսʱڵĵжԹϵҲݱɸӵȫĻϵᣬʷɢµ(Chinese Diasporaoverseas Chinese) ȱµķԲɲδ˼ȫ򾭼еľûĻת䣬ֵ֧ܵؾͬأԵǰٶȵıǨͽṹԵʷתִͳķѾʧȥʵҪ֪ʷʱƣΪʷڷҳҪʷУΪǵʷ֮⣬ʷС1997޾ΣȫϢʱĵһξѶǿԤһŵޣҲȴһģͻ硣 һ棬ȫ򾭼øıս羭ú߷չ֯OECDҵĹϵԭ޻Ծ벻ԾģµĶοꡣѾ˼еĹƶԽɫĸı䡣ǿ͹˶ѹеĸѱλռ˽˻֮ԵأΪŷͬһʱƶһĶ壬Ծ౻ʴٷĻƻǼɧͬ˶ķһԹ֮ĺĽ᣺ǰᵽϢͣԼһ˶ͬǹḡֵĻǣͬĵֿѲͬǰŵִͬ˶ڣȻǿ˶Ƭϻطһ⡢֮Уݷ쭡ͬε֮СʱҪ˶֮ǽͬԴΪƻԵͬproject identityлֿͬ(resistance identity)½תϵԡʷ޷ֽ˲֮䣬ֻ¸ṹǿʷΣȡõƶȾȻʹ˳ʧСȨƶ˫˫ҡǰΪȫ򾭼ᴩֵļƶΪýֵŤʽڱײƱѡͳͬ볬гѡƷһʱЩΪڿѡԼͳˣǣʵľȴȹԣڸңԶľӢϽСԾҹĵԣ龰ԿϢеĺִΣضǰһʷĹ ңңϢʱ֮ȫ򻯹ʷתȻڣȻҵʽʽҲ¿ʼһ棬ȫ򾭼Ƽѹ֮£ڳйңcity-stateʷ֮ϣŷ޷ͳһľ壬ŷԭңңеĹ̶磬ȴδңңġȫŷ޹ң⸴еҵĹȨǣңnetwork state֮ƶȣĻϵŷͬΪϵ뾭ý֮ƻһ棬򾭼Խȫ򻯣ͳȫ򾭼ã۽Ϣ磬ȨͳȴеŲȷչĿռǿռƬϣfragmentsҲǹƬ(segments) γɵĵIJ塣Ҳ˵ڽʱʲô˽·Ȩͼȫƶ¼ȷʵҪϵbroaden governanceֻڹȥ(government)ɫˣϵterritorial governanceع֮ҰܽչԵҵ֯Ӫ֯ҪܵͼеĸӦٶطΪȱʧգ̫ķչԹңdevelopmental stateʷԵ֯ɫ;书ܣƵĿٱ仯ɵĹҾңңɫܷطµĽṹԽɫսأطϵ(local governance)ҪβŻṻУӦȫϢѾȨ˵˵ģempoweredݸҪأԣķ˹صֳ(De Digitale Stad, The Digital City)ƻõ70Υ˶߻ӵƶи֧֣δҵȴεIJݸԡ磬ݹȣȣ-̨Ϣʽ˲˼ȫϢļѧϰ㡣6Ѿȫ˵̨壬ҵҪԴ֮һݹȡ̨й½غȫͳ(global megacities)֮ԣӹҵ֮ʻ硣7Ȼ¹ϵȴҪεأڶǶʷŲ֮ϣ궫ǹó׷չƺ˳йҵʻǣҰ󲽿Խ̫ŵĴսսʹʵԵεʷӰҵDZأȫ򾭼еļԣҵҵ֯ɫҪΪؼŴйɥʧԭ֮һȱٵԵıعšҵĶռһʶ̬ͻȨһͳԣԱŷ֮Ե򡢱˴˹Ļ໥ʹʧȥ˼ơڹȥŷޣʷγ˾뼼չĶҳɾִѧԼڽѱɵν֪ʷǶȱȶԱ֮࣬dzȻˡ֮ͣɸĸﵽɱ䷨ͼǿҵת죬Ǻòлٶµʷת۵㣬ȴһ¼ҪٶȒǵʱë鷨鲻࣬Ǧʡֱʡԭ/Բʣ֮룬ⲻֻд֮£˵ḡ֣Ѿ뼼Ҳ»ĻˡȻʱӢѾǿƵΪ繤Ե´߱ƴǰûĸɵĿԼĶѣҲˣڸԳ˼άȻд¿Ƽл½ΪһĵӴʽУ˼άĴͳûDZٽһȫ򾭼֯ĻλѾˣһŶߵ磬һĻȫ򾭼֮伸ʽ֮Ǽ(intercity networking)ɫȫ򾭼þϢУȫ򻯵ij򽫻ǸδսDZأȫϢڵأķ棬ʮҶб(I.E.Repin)ķ˷ͼֳũ飬ԽʱգΪչֺ蹵ŵڣȻǵĹἯеıʵǻʶԡ֮ѧĿƶѹ֮кѸܵĻԤǧ̫ƽʢڽҸСǣȫ򾭼õĽгУϢȡԼʱ֮ʵõˣңǻһǮĵһֵһǮǮͶIJ硣

ϾѾǹȥı֮أҲɽֹڱΪ¸֮ƬΣܱ֮ɼΪͽ֮硣DzԷƱôҪβȫתĹأʷվ֣ؽ迪ŵܵҰȫתĹиǵʷռʱ䣬壬ʷκͻֻͬпԼӭ˷ϢDZսĽ֮򾭼÷չոֵпʽл߶ΣϢ(informational city)лΪɾӵijУlivable cityڶ١ˮףϣȻóƣӥգΪǽӺϵľϸ΢̬ҪԼˣˣҪʶȫϵͳеٵᡣ

ڳ֮Ҫ󣬲ظ֮ܣ8ʶ?˾ؽ䣺

˾һѧԺѧ߲ͬIJѧɴɼһȻ䲩ѧ˵ԲѰѧ9˵ΪͶ˶ηʼҰо뽲ѧ֪ʶọ́仰˵˾ءѧʶ֮ԭǰ һԹ֮˾ԭ¡ɵͳμ壬ȴһͬնϼͥϵͶʸ編˹Ȩ˶20ηδȡð¡ɴѧѧλȻ˶˶飬ҲǰĸߵʵѧԺҵѧоҵоԱ(1965-67)˾ǰ?źѧ˹?˹(Nicos Poulantzas)ĺѡ1968˶ʱ˾ǰѧУѧ(1967-69)ٶȱֻתμôؿɴѧ(University of Montreal)ѧ(1969-70)Ҳڴǰ󣬲ӵʱڵĶо(19681970)1970𣬿˾ΰĸߵѧԺ(Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales)10ѧԼѧоΡһֱ1979꣬ݴѧؿУ滮ѧϵΪϳɵлؽɫܳһԵѧߣѧԺȽɫǣͬʱֱȡ?˾˵?(Peter Hall)ڷӢԴˣ뿪ŷ˾زת˺ΪȫѧԺоߡҪѧʽĴ𰸣ϸ˵˾صҪоΪϢѧϢѧȽ϶лչȽϼߡξѧ˶ѧȡ11Ȼ˶ʵ֮飬˾֪֪ʶ/оߣ˶/֮΢ϵԵ塣

˾صĹʼ1960ĩ1970ɰͼ(Althusserian)֮۽ǶȣԵ˶ɵʷת۷ʡĶ֯ʱ£֥ӸѧΪѧʶУ˶ѧ͵תơ12Դˣռ/ߵξѧΪѧԺ۾䡣׶дԵǡ⡷(The Urban Question)һ顣ֻDZӢ뱾ʱ(1977꣬ԭΪ1972)Ӣ˵Ѿת򣬲ǽṹˡ1980ġΣᡷ1970ĩ

1983Ҫˣǡݸ(The City and the Grassroots)һ顣ǶԶ˶Ҫ䡣ڶ˶1960-70ʵֵ︡˶ͳһʱȱӦ˾ؽӺʵо˼ı˹ȥ˶Ĵͳ۵㣬ʷҰҲ?ܶ˹(C. Wright Mills Award)

֮оԸ߿Ƽᾭõijʱļٽṹ̺ͶչԼйҵ½׶ε¸ֵоˡдԵҪ1989ġϢС(The Informational City)ˡ1994ŵġ缼С(Technopoles of the World)棬꣬Ķмƻķ˹ֱ90ӽڣ˾ΪͻȻĽԭ¶ų˹ȥȫ򱼲ԼȫϢʱ֮֮Լͬ˶һʻʾʮоת֮ʣȫԵܽᡣ

飬ڶֳ࣬ǰἰ˾ع㷺ĵо΢оĹҳʮ򡣲ֻһŷĹҵᣬޡޡ޵ȷչйңȤĵطرйصģ19831987оۣ1987¼£1988ںµ1989̨ȣ19881995ձһŴѧ1984ꡢ1990ꡢ1991ꡢ19931997Ī˹ƴѧǶѧԺľ빤ҵоԺ(IEIE)1987йԺ뿼켼ߣ˹йľִ뼼ߵݽ˱Ϻݡ뺼ݡ޵ķرڵ֮С

ڱٵȫϢʱ֮սҪķĿǰѾ12ֵ뱾ˣ˾ݽdzѧ硣ԣ 2000£˹ŷ˸߷˾ԡŷ޵¾áϯ⿪ŵı棬Լŷ۲ͨһЩؼţŷϢ(European Information Society)ѾΪŷˡ132000Ϲ»ԡϢȫչݽΪϹЭϢϵرա䡱ǡߡĵ(switch-off areas)Ϣ蹵ȫ²չߵ֪ʶоʼӰʵҲµתԣ⣬뷨ȻеĻĸı䣬?˾֮ڡ

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1 networkΪ磬Ϣѧѧ֮˫ҪԼ㷺ؿ¼¡ۡ½ȵ֮ʹá۵ĽǣĿǰ̨ͨõġ硱뷨߾˼ѧĸą̊́Ϣѧ˴ʱڼ򵥣ʵϢ֮ԣ硱֮硱ȡ·롰·֮·ӣȴӺϼ֮Ļ˽⣬ҲĶࡣˣInternet, World Wide Webרдʣʹü⣬networknetȾΪ硱

2 Ȼ磨ضʹ߷棬¼µŮԱȴֻռ34%Ϊ66%30%ϣ۸Ů(42%)̨帾Ů(38%)(Net Value 20007µ8µ׵ĵϡ)

3 ϲοϹչƻġ1999෢չ桷UNDP (1999) Human Development Report, 1999, New York, New York: Oxford University Press, pp.63-64.

4 ?˹ϵ˹1989̨ʱۺȷȥIJͬ?˹ءŦ?˹˹̩˹ȡ

5 ĵ(2000)ĶƷƷĿռĻʽ̨ѧо˶ʿġ

6 ο?ɯᰲԹҵҵоSaxenian, AnnaLee 1999Silicon Valley's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs, San Francisco, California: Public Policy Institute of California.

7 ο (2000)ȫ򾭼֮ʱ̨ӹҵ֮硱̨о棩 8 Կ˾˼ϿԲο(1992)۽̨̨оԿ02ɽҳ217-221֮ɼţ־(1991)ռĻʽ̨ġ

9 ˾Ͷ¡ɴѧ뾭ѧϵ(1958-62)ѧξѧƾ (1964)ѧͶѧоͶѧƾ(˶ʿ)(1965)ѧߵʵѧԺ(Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes) (EPHE)ѧоƾ˶ʿ󣬲ʿްࣩ(1966)ԼֱԲͬĻ1967ѧѧ׶βʿѧѧʿѧĿѧҲʿ

10 ԭ֮ߵʵѧԺ(EPHE)1974ڷٷߵȽϵͳܵϿɣ1975ΪߵѧԺ

11 1998꣬ѧЭѧɾ͵޲뺣?ֵ½(Robert and Helen Lynd Award)

12 Ӣõ˵Ƥ˹(C.G. Pickvance)ġѧļһ飺Pickvance, C.G. (1976) Urban Sociology: Critical Essays, New York: St. Martin's Press.

13 ŷĵǣ¾ö
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