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йľΣ1916-1928ɴѧϵ1976ɵһѧר1 ǿⲿרйʷоһ֮ԣΪֱĿǰΪֹһڻûγһΪѧ߹ͬܵͳһ⡣ȻѧƷΧȻˡϽνһ֮ԡʵϾ롰ɫͬǵǶⲿԳϵȫѧۣ͸ӡļҪ۵㣬һҪܡ

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κһרоȷĶ󣬾ʷоȻҲ⡣ˣѧ϶ԡһ綨ʮֱҪˡ

һʻһִʻ㡣ݳ־֤֮Уʱʹõǡ䡱һʣ20ֱʹˡһʣй񵳺йҲϮһᷨĿǰڡһڹָͣӵأһԾӿȨԳϵľ˻˼š2 һʹȷģʧ֮ͳ֮ӡվѧӽϣΪһһƻϵָijбȨĶνɫMilitaristsҲָһսWarlordǰԴʣֻijϵʹȨĽɫб⣬ʾйִʷһʱڡ˵֡ͼ͸оΪпоǶȣȻҲԳʷھʷоֻǵΪļӣӦǶйһʷʱڵĸνѧӽǵġʷϾͲǾʷǰ¡Ρá˼롢ڵȫλ͸ӡȻһֿӽǣֻܲȡϵͳķĸоΪϵͳʷȱٵҪغͻⲻȡյΪˣǿָҪ˽йҵġNationalΣ֮໥ϵķʽڲͳεⷽҪκƶȶDzƫеģνɫԼ־ָΪȻǵΪֳܵƵijƶȵԼרżо˻򵥴оΣ֮һǽ̫֮Уйβһϵ֧ĸо

һʶˡ塱MilitarismĸC.M.ڡ塱ǡһ֯ϵͨȨƶߵľءĶ塣ͳʱڵϵԼֹϵγɵϵͳͳΪҪעĶˡ֮ԸľΪǣ򲢲ǣоҪּͨɫķ࣬ȻϵͳķʽӶ͹ʷηѽϵ㡣ԼĻ˵ǣо·ǡԽɫۡشڶƽз

ͨȫṹӦ˵߻ʵһͼһԼķۿܣ֤ϵݣڶ´ʷʵ֤ĽǶȣйϵԴ´ӹϵԴѵ侭õ棬йϵͳĸҪ˽ϸķоڰµĻ֮ϣҪΪĻ׼ڵھУù۵ġȨơʽͼнһйηչһʷģʽȻ߶ȫ尲Ǿ˼ǵģѳ˱һķܺʶ֡ѧGտDonald GGillcia۵һرмֵ飬˼еĺӢĵĵڶϣͬʱҲ˴ĵһϣ1916-1928йʱڵΣ˶̬ġиݵġ˼ģʤ̽֡3 ȻǰʽĺԲΪѧϿɣô󼮻ʷѧҳ־ýڣӵضԱķۿܸΪ1916Ԭ1928꽯ʯִ֮Ϊͳʱڣķڲ˵йDDȨγɣҲܽ˥䡱ʵǣйķֱһϵ4

Ϊһ֮ԡ͸йεһdzҪоɹ



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ߵľ֮ڴˡΪĸйʧ̬ı֮һرǷϳƾơ͡رơף֮󣬼òƶԼǰ£ѪԵϵͻ޼ɵ䱾ǰģӶֺл塣йŴƶȱĹDZ֮ϹԵʮֱҪˡָģйͳϵͳһѪס桱͡Ҫɵл壬֮ľ˶Ϊ֮໥ϵĹؼõġͥƷThe family analogyȥ֮ιϵƫȫ磬Ԫϡʣָߡǰָͨ֯еijߣҲƺijЩˡھϵУھе԰ijЩ˿ǰɴ˵õDzһͬʱӵȨǵõʵأûоӣϾͼٻûȨζУǹȨͥмȨġԪϡúܲͬȨֿɶߵԼ;⣬ijѳΪйϷҪ˵νɽȨʵطҾݝ޲ԣôִУЩڲϵսԲˣıͶѳΪĻ׼ΪЩ˵ġ

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ķԺ߽һָĸԴǾ÷չĵ£Ȼκԭ򣩣ķչ֮·ȴһĶѭͷչκ洦㡣һ˵ΪӵάԼڹеȨ͵λҪʵһĿģؼеʵҪһԼƵĵ̡Ϊ˱ס̣͵бӡӦأӹģ󣬸ҪҪԴˣʹϵߡǵǿελб֤ǿҪıҲࡣص̳ҪиIJԴ͸ĵ̵ַ̣ɸķҪҪϵҪֻܰѸת޵ũϣ˿ڵıţʧҵ˿ںƶ̶Ӧӣ˴ͳũҵй֯;þƲɱƻʧҵ˿ٴΡء䵱±Դɴ˿ɼˮƽ£̡б̰ũγɱԴصƻعһ巢չĶѭͼ

˵ľʷֵ֮óƵûͣһǴ͵еϣǸһʷ˶߼ӶʹǶھΪԭ˸̵ʶĸ־ݣ߹ڡһƻĽۣʷʵ߼Ӿ˵ˡ



ĻǶչԾΪʽоDZɫIJ֮һرûоĻ̸ĻǰѳĻΪ׼ܵϵһͨΪӳĻͨĻ˵ΪӶһĿȻ侳ʷʵС

ϣȰѡͳѧ˼ͨ׻Ľ͡ĻĻ롮СĻֿΪ˼ͥͼϵڽ̻ũųԱܴӰ⣬ȺԴݺʹڻʽҲ˲޴Ӱ졣֮ͳ¡ϷܱȿӵľƷγɴڵԭ˼뷽棬Ӱáϲľ˧⣬Ծ²쵼ײ˵еȻŪīɧˣţϿмܹѧIJЩ˸ǡ׶ˣһʱУ׼ԡСͨ䴫˵Ͷѧͨ׽еõġʱð׻ɵС˵Ϸ硢飬塷ˮ䰴μǡ塷ɴԼǡ¥ΡȵȣΪĻ͵Ḻ̌˴йͳĵ׼ΪṩӦ׷ģµļֵ

ĻϵԾľӰ죬ۣһͳС˵еӢ۳Ϊģµİǡ跨ϸ˽ЩӢۣӢٵԼ⡣һ󣬲𽥵ذһǿӵǰʵȥйȻѡǰ͵ľΪԼİ磬ɵˡҡТ塱ĴͳֵΪʽ϶ȡйأ塱ĹʹǡѸҳҳϷ뿪ͨԴҳϺ棬ҳȫͬʱĽϻ֣˺ܵĸ˹ϵ˵˽˽ԭΪҪ塱ϵӰӵõٴ֣ԾԾضڡ߶ȵϷɫʺͳĸΪԼǿĿеĺϷԡй״ͳƽһвƽ̬ϰߺЩΪһ֤ˣԿԼصΪԺ硰Ƚóͷ͡족ȵȴºţӳйС˵еijЩ룻ģǰѡ̬͡һĹΪ磬ںʢ֮ϴ໰ݼĻӻ˷ѣǾΪij֣˼̵ӡ󡣡رֵעǣ²ᣬȥǼȨ֮󣬾ͻӻ˷ѡⲻΪҪһҲΪųᲩǵءȻǡ¡߼6

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ȨìԸһֱӽʵȨϵķ롣Ϊйü׶ȻϰϱΪͳһڹȥǹȨġ˸ɾͼʽԼĺϷԡǣαԵطʵΪģֻijװãʶ̬ηϵļֵ⣬ʵϵǿ޹ءҲ˵ֻȨеķ룬Զʵڡԡ˵134ֲܷͬǹ󲻾þΪһŷֽķɺ͹ҲʾʺְܡƳб䶯μ̵ʱУơơƵȵȱ仯1916-1928䣬24ڸ飬26˵ι17£̵ֻ2죬ƽʱ3-5¡ݹ͹ڸ󲢲һƶĻֻǾԼ־ǿйͷϵѱߡˣھ໥ڡͳ֮ıʵǾʵĽʵǿľǸߺͳһʵľ򳫵ΡΡ»ʵı仯תƣɾַʹû˭˫˸񡣡ǿϷԵҪʹǿҰIJľΪͳһҶŬձ鷨ĴڣʹDz޵Ŀ꣬ʹǾֱһﵽͳһĿġ20սҪԭ֮һ

ΪЩͽ̺пϵġʷʵֳԽױ㣬ԼתĿϢھ໥֮һƬЪ˹ͼڿĵָͽУ߷˾ԸеìԵʵӶʹоһ



ȻйľΡDͨѸǴ㹻ʷ֪ʶʾǣҲдȶ⡣һЩ򵥵Ծͽߡ

ȣķԤֵȶйľΡڲͬͻص֮һͼѧ۷ʽΪ͹ߣԴ˶йһʷзоʽͼȻҪıʷоͨģʽȲʷҲͨ¡ķʽƽʵ͸¶ʷó̵żij֡һԡѧָܵ£ʷгɾԭԵΪΪ֥ӸѧѧԽڵˣõ֪ʶѵΪʵһԸ춨˻ǡãĪ١AMorton A. KaplanҲ֥ӸѧıȽѧҺ͹ϵͳѧɵĿߣԣѡù۵ϵͳ۷͸йεʷȫġ

ǰµķУѶйΪ˾ʵĹɣʹ˽⵽йΪ֧ЩļֵйΡԾȻֽϡһУٴֱÿȨơϵͳۼɫΪĹܣ7 ƺԵл֮ӡִ֪ԡ壭ҡΪλģǡйӵ۹壭ҡת͹вμֵϵڽĹ֮С壭ҡеȨʶԼձ̶ͬȣξ۵ĻйľսĿȲάȨҲ˵˸ЧҶ壬ΣʵΪ¾սֱԭִ۽йǰִΪʹ˾ЩIJ⡣磬ÿϵͳΪĵ3͵6ݣ8 һΪһελ˶ԱΪмжִ۸ӵĸϵΪ⵽ָͬðߴеõֱӺôᱻų⡢ڵǴԼΪһ棬ͬһΪһǾԺͽʵʵߡִйУǿȱ˼ԵļţƶμƻսƽȵҪ⣬Ǹݸ˵˼۵㣬ǸʵĶԱȡΪڽһ֡μӽȥΪȨλҪȻں۶ҡ塱͡ȱ˼ԡΪݲ˼룬ʵĶԱȡ෴ĽУDz֪һʵԣ

ǵΪùۣڸΪ֪ʶ¶йĻԴչ磬ΪʲôһʷʱڣεıҪصʷԴйͳֵȡԼεΪϵͳṹȵȣֵýһȻڸڶ£򵥵˾ϵԴ͹̣Ҳڵڰۼʶ̬ĻϵͳĹϵӦ˵Щ۶̵ԡԺԵģ˵̽йβᶯʷԴ

ӹΥԣйεȷϵͳϵͳȴ벻йִһϵͳоҰչʷȥܽСϵͳֵܷܽ͡ijЩ⡣ӽṹĽǶȿйͳдš𡱡ؽɫҪأϵͳУÿһҪضӦطŸԶĹܣ໥ϵԼӶڡ񡱵Ĺ涨йͬлתһijЩҪصϷʹλͻᶯݹʷÿδģᶯֳ롰ϵص㣬ǰṩۡ߳䵱йʱҲڡֻľ֮У롰񡱵Ľһʾǿñжԡ롰ҪضûرչȻ+񣽾ķҲ޷չ̽ˡ

ΣйִʷĽǶȿ̫ƽ塢˶й쵼ũս֮䣬ƺһʷհס߼Ͻũìûеõ⣬ôũ񲻻˳ڵر֡ĬԣǡǡʷհУйεʷʱڡˣµļ裺йũ˶֮Ťεʷ̬ڳƶµũԽȨԲμӾӵʽά塱˵岻˵Ҳλá仰˵ܱһũԸ㣬˺һȻõԼӡա̰ЩһСҰĺյε϶֮䣬ʱıġᡣȻǺһ֮ҵӦֵʵΪˣƶײԸھΪб¶ţӦ˵DzйεԲʹڵйԻһҡ˵Ʋͳ¡κͷƾһִرĻҪأھвһŵȻ޴棬ҷΪԴںͷչĻǰᡣֹ߲һε漰һ̵⣬̹ʵ˵ϵھͷϣ൱Ϊغۿռ䡣رǹйζִйεDZӰ죬߲δἰⲻܲ˵һشȱִйڴ˺ʮвûε·ѡë˵Ͼɽɽپ֮𡱶ձȫйĸ·²ȫľ̺ŵִйκִй߼ֵζԣDzͬDonald G. Gillciaڸһ¡߳ζûбҪġۣ9 ҷΪǡǡһ£ҪҲֵýȫչͳԵ֡

עͣ

1 His-Sheng Ch`I, Warlord Politics in China, 1916-1928. Stanford University Press, 1976. μйľΣ19161928룬йѧ磬1991档ľԸ뱾ʡԲע

2ǺϺ磬1980棬372ҳ

3 о363ţ19775£

4 ־áȨ꣬1980棬6-8ҳ

5 ڡϵͳйġȨľ˵ģ尡Σей֪ʶӨDDѰ塷ɽ磬1988뱾7-10ҳ

6 ڴһרоģйԸķҰδ34ڡ

7 ģεϵͳ͹̡й񹫰ѧ磬1989档

8 ѹʹϵеνơϵͳΪΪ6ݡеǣ3սһijĹΪΪ޶ȡ6ܻܵƵĻΪΪɽܵĽɫ¼ϵͳ跨ʹijЩԭǷǻΪΪΪ塣лΪ嶼ɽܵĽɫԴģεϵͳ͹̡й񹫰ѧ磬1989棬23ҳ

9 о363ţ19775£