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美国宪政文献:五月花号公约


1620年11月20日,一批英国清教徒为追求宗教和政治自由,乘坐五月花号横渡大西洋抵达美洲,这是美国历史的一个重要日子。刚刚上岸,他们就通过了这份由William Bradford在船上就起草好的公约,以此为原则建立他们的政治社会。这份文献在美国宪政史上具有重要的地位。以下是该公约中英文对照版本(我的中译文参考了商务版托克维尔《论美国的民主》第39页)。

五月花号公约


以上帝的名义,阿门。

我们,下面的签名人,作为伟大的詹姆斯一世的忠顺臣民,为了给上帝增光,发扬基督教的信仰和我们祖国和君主的荣誉,特着手在弗吉尼亚北部这片新开拓的海岸建立第一个殖民地。我们在上帝的面前,彼此以庄严的面貌出现,现约定将我们全体组成政治社会,以使我们能更好地生存下来并在我们之间创造良好的秩序。为了殖民地的公众利益,我们将根据这项契约颁布我们应当忠实遵守的公正平等的法律、法令和命令,并视需要而任命我们应当服从的行政官员。

THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT
In the name of God, Amen.
We whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign Lord, King James, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland king, defender of the faith, etc., having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our king and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.