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Ϊ˭ϣԼĴҡεϣ̩̹˺ײϱɽûҾһҺеĴ쵼˾ڿҴĴʹְDZִֻȺУμҵĵһȶ´Σ̫ƽʢйμҵ룬Ҫʵ룬ȶһҪ
йʷϵ˼ҶȶΪԼҪо⣬δμҺ˼˾еһġͨһŪȨıĹ͢ؼҲһͼνİ࣬ҿһʵȶĻʼҽ̿顣ijЩμҾܾĶⲿΰΪ̵ľǹ͢Ȩһϧ⡣ ˾ھױ㿪дְ֮ĪĪڷ֣ĪνҲν֣Ҳν䡢Ҳ1⼸仰ȻȴǴߵķḻξ飬Լйǧѵоġ
˵ʵһȶǰ⡣ǰôȨо˹Ԫשӱȫעθ֡һ֣ȨȨβȶܳ٣ʧȥ֣ͻʧȥȨξͽᶯңؽ㸲
ܸͨ١һ㣬˵ⲿ
ȻйŴȨ۷ḻʣ˾ĸȷʵ㵽Ȩ۵ľ裬ϸĵĵ岿֡һֶ岢ȨڶּҪͬΤ͵ᣮʵȨѧȨģʽIJֶȶԲͬȨȶԽ塢ñ۶йǧʷк۷Σ룬˵ʱ˼Ϊ˷ЩΣе̽һDZĵĽָۣΣսѾָ һôȨ
Ҫ˽ôȨҪôȨ
йᄈᄈȨʵԭʼкܴںȨһϴʣɡȨ͡ɡȨԭʼһľ2Ϊӡ͡Ӵ˼3ܹŴijûľġȽѡȨηĴǿӣۡ顷ʱ˵йһˡȨȣϹ٣ķ֮ɡ4ġȨָĻǶ⣬ֻΪ淶ִߵһҪ壬ȨʱǡȨΪȵã磬͡ƽ⡹5ʱȨóΪij־ԵԺ£淶ֹƽҾءѧϵġȨ6
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ѧ϶Ȩ¶ͬĽǶȡ
ĶǴʵµĶ塣ĶҪ㡶Ȩۡһߵ˹ʣDennis H.Wrongµ:ȨʵʾǷ11ȻȨȨĶ嵱ȻԵ¹ѧ˹ΤMax Weber,1864-1920꣩ն壬Ȩ12Ӧýһܱ˵ȺþģߣһеģõӵĻᡣ13ǴӹϵµĶ壺ӡ ѧĪ˹ΤȣMaurice DuvergerȨµĶȨˣȨøȨˣȨȨͬʡ14ȨijЩӢȨǡDZܡͬ15DZ漰˵漰ҺͿȻĶҪӢάϰٿȫµˣϣȨһָǶִȨ֮ijµ16ȨֻͬȨַȨ֮һ
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λֵעĵطԤʾĶЧʺȶκȨṩĹβƷҲΪĴǿб绤ɡǽսʱijڶңԤʾˣṩˣеЧʺȶʼйʷϵĵλܿɱܱΪôӢۡ
Ȩķ
ȨĶԣĸĶȨķࡣķΤģȨΪͣϷȨͳȨȨ꾡ķǵ˹ṩģһо͵ȨǿȨյȨϷȨϸȨȨ
ôĿе㷱ӡֻҪŪǵķͼˡΤķȨ˸̶ȡΤĽܣϷȨȫ˸Ȩ19ͳȨǰ˸Ȩ20Ȩȫ˸Ȩ21˹ʵķǷȨIJͬǿȨĶη壻յȨĶӺϷȨĶӺϸȨĶΣӸȨĶǰ22
ĶȨзıȲͬΤҲͬڵ˹ʡҸȨIJͬԴȨֳͣѪԵȨȨȨȨȨ
ѪԵȨԴѪͳϵһȨӽڹźĺ壺šӡŮӡ硹硹ڼĺͽбΣᣨԣڡ˵ġʢ˥˼23ѪԵȨĸȨдգɱǷļһȻDzɿܵıֺ䡣
ѪԵȨѭԭһǡױԭġһָָ֣䣬ߡ˵ӳߵȨֱҪȻиֶŮ곤һ꣩ҪҷΪұָߣ˵ֲͬʱͬʱڶǡԭȨֱϵȨϵԶףˣ˵ȨĶӵȨֶӣֶӴѪԵϲصˡ
ԣѪԵȨȨŬûйϵŬҲɶӱԼĸףԼֵܡТͨԴһٵ˵ѪԵλݸѡò־ͬʱӰľ˭ĸĸ˭ĸĸ˵ȫǻᣬ֮ǰļȶʵ24
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۹廹壬ȨʵʾƾԼԽ32ƷжضȺлӵ˳ӡͬǣȨȽϽӽӵʥͼѧΤ͵ʵдڵȫܶߣȨνġʥˡΪΣʵӽĵȨžǴ˵еҢ˴ˡ˵ǽ®ӣΣãǴȡǫ͡
Ȩ츳Ȩ˸̫ҮͻĻ˹İҲǷ˸ġ졹йͳʶУʱΪ˻ȡȨԳơеʱΪʾȨԳơˡǡȨͨΪĻĶӣӣڹŴ̫ͷϵͣϵ۰Ȩڸ˭֪˭ͷͿ33ڻͽţ˼ȨϵģʥΪģȨģ˵˳ΪûȨdzϵ۵ġȨģϵģԿȨģǿϵ۵34
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ȨʵϾDZ㷺Ϊʩأ¹һdzĶ壺ʵȷÿһ깫ӵͶƱȨ35ָȨص㣺Ժ㷺ԡҪѡƱĿϣ㷺г깫ͶƱȨϡ
Ȩģʽ
ȨʵʡܺԴЩǶоڶȨж졣ϺȨСҪ߶ȨϵǿȣΪȨǿȡȨǿָôأȨϵ˫IJƽȳ̶ȡ
ѧĪ˹ΤѧһشӲƽȽǶȽȨȨΪṹĵһҪDzƽȡƽֲͬıʽ뼯ųԱ֮ĸ˲ƽȣײ֮ƽȡ36̸ȨʱָЩǰֲƽȹϵȨ־ǿڼԱ߷ӣΪΪȨǺϷġ37
ƽζڵȨߺͷ֮ελϵǰΪȨ0ʱȨϵ˵Ȩǿȵ0ʱϵ˫DZ˴˶ģƽȵģ˵ɵģӽɹϵģʽŶԷϵ˼ģʽǵ˵ĸȨģʽǶԳƵİϵܱɲƽȽϵرʩŰŰİϵһȨϵ38ȨʱȨǿȼϵ˫ūۺͱū۵Ĺϵһһӵɱ֮Ȩӽūģʽūū֮ĹϵԼսǰսʤ²֮Ĺϵ
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ӹʽKA / FԵ֪ȨȨȣɳɷȣ
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ӱʽƵ˵ġģʽK0ʱAҲ0ҲԳΪģʽ
ǶȨģʽĴҪиһҪȨϵʽиϸµķȨϵֻʽһ־ǵ϶Τ˵ġ뼯ųԱ֮ĸ˲ƽȡϵڶ빫˻֮Ȩϵط֮Ȩϵ
ʽKȨʱ
һͳжͳμųԱɱȨ߲ӵĶͽϵĵʮһֺͷ
ڶȨȨȨȨĻȨȨȨ ˵طȨطף·Ҫдʾ档
ͬʱζŵطȨȨȨһdz֮ΪȫȨ塹ԵȨǡȨǾƼӶȨġȨ塹ǡȨǡȨ塹ȲǡȨҲǡȨǡȫȨ塹ķ˹ɴ壬ģʽ塣ȻȫȨʷȨǿ塣 ֻȨطȨڵطȨһһǡͷȫȨ塹һܾĶȫȥ֮˥Ϊ塣
ֻڶȨطȨȨҲһֻһDZطԱԽȫ塹һûƸĸֻԺȨ˥ľɶȫȨݱ塣 ȫȨУȫȨȨǿ壬ͷȫȨ֮ȫȨִ֮ӶȫȨ壬ͷȫȨ壬ٵȫȨ壬ԿǶȫȨ˥̺Ȩɥʧ̣̱ضȶɥʧᶯ
һһּKȨ0ʱ
һԴȨ䣬߸Ըˣֻһ˭˵˶ľ壻 ڶͬûгأΪΪеӽԼѧԼǰ״̬ΪսĻ˹״̬֪֮Ļ˹ԭ״̬Ҳеϣǰֱ壻
ûκ֧طȨйںսǰڵܷʩԼ涼Ҫʵĵطáͬ
ֻҪڶȻʱȫ״̬ûصֱ壻ֻһǹͷ干壻ֻйʽĴ壻һͬʱǹƵ塣 嶼巢չʷϵijЩʽȨȨǿʧɵġЩ嶼ȱȶ˵ȨάȶȨʽйأҲȨǿйء
ġȨȶ
ۺʽȨضȨϵȨҲʵϵȨȨָƶϺͷϹ涨ȨʵȨָЩ涨ʵʩʵȨܴҲСȨһʹȨ˴Ȩλϣʵʧȥ涨ȨһȨ˴Ȩλϣܳ涨ΧʹȨȨˣҲԽȨΪȨʵȨΪȨȨ
һ˵ȨʽȨȨߵʵȨ˿˵һȶԣȡݵȨЧԣһȨȶԣȡȨЧԣҲȡȨ߱Ȩ
ȨЧָȺϿɳ̶ȡȻֻЧȨžάȶĹܡҪάȶЧȨҪоЩ֮ǰȶһ¡ȶDZҪġΪȶѧۡλṩĶdzƣڴ£ȨִߵҪĿľʹƶȱȶζżҪ仯ķҪ仯ķʹƶȱһԵȶƽ״̬֮Ϊ̵IJƽ״̬39
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ǣȨӦֻȨԣĸйأԣһڽʶ˥䣬ȨЧԱɥʧ ĽǣȨȻȶȨҲȨòھȴȶȨģȨȶġ
塡йʷϵһΣ塢ҵĽ֮
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ڿӼɥʧǷҡʧĸԴԲǣһǿҪԣڶ˼
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ǣԿΪѧΪؽȨΪܵȨϵвļֵѧǵĸĽ֮йͳڷƶȵۻǽȨԭڿǰѪԵԭ굽ƶУġ峣ԭķչĽ֣Ǿ֮ȨϵԪż֮Ĺϵ֡ҪǣԪױƶӵͳμԱԽȨ볼֮Ȩǹ̶ġɸĵģȨķּƶȣڳ͢Ǿµ͢ȼ֣ڳ͢⣬͵طȨȼ֣ݡصȡЩּԱʳסָƺ涨ϸַӡ
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ҵġơ뱩Ȩ
翴ѪԵȨ˥ƵǷѧɣ翴ҺʵȨҲǷҡҹ۲쵽ɵȨżѾ顢̮ûʷĻƻϦ֮С
DZȨĹĴߡԣҲԡŵĴ֮ʱȴߺ졣κڳ겻ں˹أܵáͬѧͬе˹İ㣬ϣعԼ
ҵı֮֡ڵı̾ıսʤȡܵĽǡˣ̲ϴѪԵȨµĽΪԾΪһͥijԱԼͥԱȻ̣֮ˡ֮ˡ֮˻ԶƫݣǵȻüڲڡ̲ϴڷҿǾʧȥȨĸԭһΥܳͷҪ־ԳӵȨһҪϴ
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de science politiqueİ棬120ҳ湦룬ij磬1987꣬
[] ˹ΤMax WeberᡷWirtschaft und GesellschaftϾİ238ҳ81ҳԶ룬ӡݣ1997棬
[] ΣGeorge H. Sabineѧ˵ʷ(A history of political theory, fourth
edition, Hinsdale Illinois, Dryden press, 1973ϲᣬİ棬270ҳʢ룬ӡݣ1986棬
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14 [] Ī˹ΤȣMaurice DuvergerѧѧҪءSociologie de la politique:
Elments de science politiqueİ棬120ҳ湦룬ij磬1987꣬
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independent of the power to enforce them, or the ability to permit something.
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example, "the congress has the authority to pass laws" vs "the
police have the power to arrest law-breakers". Authority need not be
consistent or rational, it only needs to be accepted as a source of permission
or truth."ԩhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authority
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