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et revelabitur quasi aqua iudicium et iustitia quasi torrens fortis

 

ʵ֮--ʩصġεĸ

ھ

ĴMonashѧʿо


[Ҫ] ڱУʩصġεĸıͨ"""Ϸ"Ҫָ֮ʩض""֤ʧܵġ߿ʹһ޺ƽʵУֻҪһƽڹ淶ǿԹģôԱǿʵġǾܹ޶˹Լִֵŵȥ̽"ʵü�"

ʵ֮
--ʩصġεĸ
ģھ
[Ҫ] ڱУʩصġεĸıͨ"""Ϸ"Ҫָ֮ʩض""֤ʧܵġ߿ʹһ޺ƽʵУֻҪһƽڹ淶ǿԹģôԱǿʵġǾܹ޶˹Լִֵŵȥ̽"ʵü"


Abstract In this essay, the author goes deep into the text of The Concept of The Political, pointing out why the reasoning in terms of Schmitt's concept of the political is a failure by analyzing those two important concepts -- legitimacy and legality. According to the author, although it is a world that seems no peace and justice to us now, there is still a practicable prospect to human beings if a peaceful as well as just world is thinkable or conceivable normatively. Hence, we can explore "the limit of the practical best" of human world just like what Rawls still carried on in the last few years of his life.


ͳ"911"¼״ϸ;ʮ"ս"սӪ"ʷս"ͼ"911"ֳļµĶս԰ֹ֮ijͻһֱ""ijʰ뵺ԼսʩأCarl SchmittλԾϸʮ˼ҹ޷"ѻ"֮۶ϣ±Ϊ͸ʱ֪ƼʩڡεĸThe Concept of The Politicalһĩβ۴дܱͿĨһƬ̫ƽʢǰϣȴԶ�"ִĵѻֻ֣³ֵĵѻ֣ε߼"ٶʩ˵ѻֵμζս಻ܰѵѻֵĽ޴Ӱսʩڡεĸ1963ԣ"սϷǷһҧսٲȻ˵Ŀ̸"ˣԶ"ɱ¾ʵ""Ϊһʵһ''ÿϾһսʿcombatant"ѡˡսλһ壨"�"ʩرվ֡
ʩأΣѻ֣޷Ĩȥģκͼڸǡɴ""ս˵Ʃ塢ƽ壩ʵһֱϷεķʽΡȻʩع"ѻ"֮ȷĻô"ȫ"⽫ʧȥ壬Ϊ"ȫƽ"Dzܡһ"ѻ"ϣ"Ի"dzΪ̸""ڽ̡Ļԡϰ׵ȣ֮ʩ˵ǹν"Եĵ"ϣǽؽбҪ¼ʩӰ󡢱Ҳƪεĸʩ�"ѻ"֮۱ڸбϵͳ
IJȡɡɻѧ߶ʩصķʶ̬ۣǽʩεĸ۵׷ͼ̽ѰЩ۵չζţIJһеʶ̬жʩؼ򵥵ദӦΪȱ͸ԶѧֵұѾ뵽"ѻ"С֮෴ijԽ뵽ʩڽṹ߼УʾŵʵԽš
ʮʮ;ѧԼ󼸸еѸͷչ""о"Ӧ"о𲽷Ұǰ""true/realΪЧҪ󣬺""right/legiti-mateΪЧҪʵȻжӦȻж֮𲢷ӣDavid Hume鷿ĸ""˵""Ȼʶѧ֮ʽת䣬Ӳ׽˻˵""һʷޱµִֻʵϵ""ζŹ淶ϵ"Ӧ""Ӧ�"ҲζѳΪ˾е""֮
"""Ӧ"֮ʵݵ¡ʩ˹Leo StraussΪִ˼""originatorάNiccolo Machiavelliά䡶ۡоʵķʽthe way we really liveӦȻķʽthe way we ought to live֮䣬ž޴IJͬϿעʵֻƻȡˣϽ̵κһλҪסԼλӵľҪ̽ʵѰ롣Ļ˹Thomas HobbesожʱҲʵִͬδͻԵǿһֲΪһҪͻơڻϿждͬ⣺һжûУڶˣжǷΥȻ"ǰν֮ʵ⣻ν֮⡣"޶о淶о֮ʽҰӡԼ־Ȼ͵ɵĿ£Immanuel Kant֮󣬲ŵõʵȷ֮棬ѧοѧоҲӦȷʩ˹˵йʱ"ѧοѧһ"ڽ죬ѧΪοѧĶ⣬һѧѧһֵIJ
ִοѧʵ֤ԼΪķۣоΪԼƶȣΨʵǵضϵͳԼȽϡΪҪһǣִοѧֵؽоױֵжϣоѡϣԼо̼ؽϣҪоߵļֵ棨Τ[Max Weber]Ȥ棨˹[Jurgen Habermas]۲루[Karl R. Popper]ӽǣ[Friedrich Nietzsche]ǰ⣨¸[Martin Heidegger]٤Ĭ[Hans-Georg Gadamer]Լоʽ[Thomas S. Kuhn]ʶͣ[Michel Foucault]ṹά-ʩ˹[Claude Levi-Strauss]޴[Fernand Braudel]Ļͳ̫[Alasdair MacIn-tyre]̩[Charles Taylor]ϰ϶[Pierre Bourdieu]άظ˹̹[Ludwig Wittgenstein][Peter Winch]ţ[Ferdinand de Saussure][Jacques Lacan][Roland Barthes]ԣάظ˹̹¸[Jacques Derrida]ʶ̬[Slavoj Zizek]Щս˸ְοѧڵѧоѧо֮۵ʵЧԣȴδж棨һ棩Ŀѧоһ˵ķҮ£Paul K. FeyerabendҲֻǸ˷۶δ񶨿ѧо--Է"ô"չѧоĿѧоЩеΪ"ѧ"֮𣬾ͬ˹"Ե�"propositional truth"Ϊ¶"truth-as-disclosure֣رǿľǣǰ߲ܱԭΪߡοѧͬѧԼѧһܵɣ⼸ʮǵûή෴ʼձ֮ԭڡ
ִѧעɡƽȡȣƶԼ󱳺Ĺ淶֤һ֮淶Ľ淶֤̽ʵǷӦݺڵ⣬Դ˶Բͬʵչ淶ۣ淶֮̽ܵļޣԴΪԹ淶룬ǵĵʵͬܵĸսκͼΪɡƽȡȵȸ϶Խ۵оߣ߽ͼijһƶȳƶȻռƶȣ޿ɱܵһɡԵӾǣ޶˹John Rawls֤ѧ㾫µ""ǡǡ֮ܵͬġȻɽFrancis Fukuyama"ʷս"ӹ㷺ķԡȻЩսɸֿ϶Խ۵Чԣȴδж׷ѧоӶ޶˹ĸɿǶļ׷̽
ôھо淶֤֮䣬дεĸʩؾһоأϿ𰸺ʩԼ˵дεĸƪ£ҪΪṩ"һϺ淶Ķ"εĹ淶--"λζܹɵľԻֱ˵Ļ"ȻεĶ嵽Ƿ˵һ淶ĶأбҪΪֱõ"ݾ"ıʵȥѰ𰸣IͨϷԼļIIDZܷڡεĸе֤ѣIII

һ "ѻ"Ϊζ壺淶ֻģ

εĸƪҪпʩΪ֪۵--μǻֵѡʩΪѵĶDZԵġԵṹԵģ"˵Ļֱǿȵͳһֻϻ"ʩѻֳΪһ"ջ"ultimate distinction"һоĻֻ"11"ʼմڵĻֵѵĿ""ͳһһֶһ޶ڲͬͳһ壬֯ȣо�"12ѻֲɳԽҲݷϣ"εļҲЩȷذѵȷΪ˵ʱ""ֻʧˣôҲ֮ʧ"13
ˣҪĽ߻־ͱ"һսԸĿֵ"ȫȨңtotal stateά֡ΪҪ"ͷλ"neutralizations and depoliticalizationsȫȨұʹһ"DZڵ"14ʩصĿֻȫȨҲΣѻ֣ĵλ"ΪһлͳһĹ֮ڣȫԼ-ѵĻ""һӵֵֻ־ϲ""ͳһʧˣDZڵʧˣαͽ"15
ʩΣѻ֣Ϊ֤ǰᣬ"Ҳͳһ壬ʵǾͳһ壬һȡε"ˣΪһϵѻֵͳһ壬"ҪôڣҪôڡֻҪڣϵģsupremeھԵʱ̣ǾȨͳһ塣"16ȫȨҲܹǿؾѲֵѽ֮ڼ״ʩأ"Ƿ˵Լ"¶Ƿ˷սоϡʩƣ"սȨض¾˭ǵ˵ʵԣԼεսڱΪͳһĹ"ֹڹҵսȨǶģһǶڵ--"˭ǹڵ""Ϊ˵һ̬ǿӲܾսź"սǶ⻹ǶڣʩǿǣȫȨյսȨ"ζ˫صĿԣҪʱ׼Ȩͺԥɱ˵Ȩ�"17
ʩشΣѻ֣һƵ˱Ȼ˹֮"ά̹"Leviathan֮Ľ--"ΪԵͳһӵо޴Ȩս͹زĿԡ"18ʩرҲȷʵ˹"ά̹"ڡεĸУʩ˻˹ڡά̹һβ̸"ӵ໥ϵ"Ϊ"ȷ"""axiom""truth"''ǹҵĵһԭκһδϵͳԵ۾ֻľɭ֡"19Ϊѻֵ֤ȫȨҵĻھһ£ʩؾ֤""ġij̶ֳ˵ʩڡεĸһж"ѻ"Σȡ֤̻£ڵǰʵԼ֮ǰʷУ""һʵԴڣ˵κʱ򶼾"˵ļʵ""սԶĵʵ"Լ"ɱ¾ʵ"20ʩͶ˴īоٳΪڶľ֤""֮һ޷ӱܵʵ"ΪжԵʵ""ͳһԵ˵ʵΪǰ"21Ϊ˽һǿΪѻһ"ʵ"factһ۶ϣʩϻͬʵеճϵͼǵʹõճΪ۵֤"εʵʰһʵĵжᄈУһʵȻճУܶԼεʶȫɥʧ"22
ͨʩ֤֮죬ȻɼǣʩϹ"ѻ"Σ֤ھչֳʵ̬ʵ֤ķ23ʩض"ֵ"壨Ƿʵ֤壩֮ʣȻ֤�""ʱȴһеʵ֤ԼļֵĿ͹ѧо"ڴζȲƫսҲƫþ壬ȲĴ۹壬ҲĴƽ塣Ҳͼսʤ뻯߰ѸijɹΪ''Ϊս͸ȷԵģҲԵġ"24֮"ͳһȻǾоԵͳһ壬ͬյľԴԺδ޹"ȴһеʵ֤?25ǿӲʵ֤˵Ψѧ̬£ʩؾܾڹ淶϶Զ޷ѵ"ѻ"֮""ڿµ"úƽ"ڹ淶ǷܣʩҲشȫʵľ棺"״Ƿ֣ܳʱ֣һ֪ĿǰȴԶˡ""ڹؼ״̬һ㣬Ŀǰ׸ԡ"26Ϊ""ѻ֣һα绤
ǾܾǽֹָѺ͵˵ԭ˴˻޷һԶҰʱķ࣬Ǵ˴޹أǷϣսʧߣϸͲеǷѧ˴޹ءڴעļȲdzۣҲǹ淶룬ֻеʵԺʵĿԡһ˿ͬҲܲͬЩϣѧʮ롣ǣ˵޷ϸѺ͵˵Ķ˴˻֣޷ֻڽȻԱʵʣҲ޷дŵÿһԶĵ¿ԡ27
ײظ߶ߣ߹"ѻ"ǴӾй۲ʵʷʵ淶"Ӧ"⣨"ѻ""úƽ""Ǵ˴޹"ʩϿо""ģ淶о"ϣ""ѧʮ"ʼδԣѧ֮淶о֮мԼοѧķʽ̸""Ȼ׼ġʩֵIJϸϿΪԻġԼЧ߽֮ڵִʵ֤ѧ񣬶һͼȡѧѧ֮ļʵ֤Ψѧ塣?28ʩ˵ʵе""˵"ʵ"ѧоճ߶ȣԴΪܳ淶о29""ĸ"ͬյľԴԺδ޹"ˣʩϱ˼Ȳθ淶֤Ҳܾнκһֹ淶۵֤30ˣ""ȫֻڰǰ"޷"֤"׸""ʵ""ʵ"ʩ˵"ΨһԶǣֵ-ӪĻǷѾüޣһදѾǿ԰ʵ޹"31
ʾʩǿӲʵ̬뷴淶֤ķʩر˶ԴҲԣڡεĸ̹Լе"ʵ̬"32Ȼʩ-- һλԹ淶"һ֪"ƾ"ڽȻԱʵ""ʵ""׸"۶ϵοѧң׼ȷ˵Ψѧߣ--˵ξְ"ѻ"εĹ淶塢"εȻ"Ȼ϶ǾоѧDz""ģΪ"ʱ"һѧҵĿǶε"Ȼ"ѻ֣""ȻΪѻֵθֻͨʵ֤оóƾʲôθӾһչ淶򣬲ƵѻΪεĶͬ�"ܹϺʵ϶"
ӸǶʩضԽһʵ֤оοѧҵı߽硣õЩִת۵ϵѧеģɵĻĪ"Ȼ"һʣʩؽʵ֤巽ʽ""ѻ֣Ϊһ""Ĺ淶塣ͬʱʩݴ˷ǿЩá¼ڵĶ뺦ȣ�"ȷǹ淶ԶַǴ⾫Զ"ȻǸ"ʵ""ʵ"εĵѶô"淶Զ"ŵͬ"յľ"޹صͳһҲȻܻ"⾫"ģڡεĸ33

ϷԣԹҮˡʩؼʩ˹Ϊ

Ūʩض"ѻ"֤ʽìܺǾͽ֣"ѻ"ȫȨ֮䣬ʩҲ߼ϵĶѡͬѧо"Ϸ"""֮Ǻϡ֮ͬںϷԣǰζһṩΪĻ֮ݣּȷʵѭʵʵ涨֮ǰΪṩӦȻЧԣʹһʹDzͼִƶƶ֮ṩʵЧԣƶͳιܵʵӦȻЧԵģʵЧǹԵġϷԼȿԳΪϵн飬ҲȱʧԵ½нʵǿάʵЧԡںһ£ϷԽǿΪʱʵЧԱֻһЧԣڹ淶ΪЧΩӦȻЧԲܱ֤ͳεЧεͳΪ򡣻֮ϷΩԽϲʹξðʱǿƵķɣھ³ͷӣͨԶתΪɵķɣκʱ򶼳ڶԷɵϿ϶أһȱʧԣɣкϷԵʵɱΪ˵"ѵ"ӶΪȨİס
ˣкϷֻܲеԵϵͳϣΩԲֵͨ߹淶άһлϡںϷԶԣҪЧ"Ӧ"⣻˵ҪЧ"֤"justification⣬ṩ֤Ϊ塣ɼǰοѧҪ⣬ϵѧڽ⡣ϷԵԼϽ"ĸ"ӦԣԳȫ̵""34ϣһ"ȶ"Ĺ淶ԻھǼԵģһԶʽʵаԣ֮෴Ϸڹ淶ԵġȱͬӦȻЧԵֱϵھоζʵЧԡˣҪڹ淶ϱǿǹ淶оѧ֤⣻ϷǾʵ֤оοѧĶúᄈӦ˵ѧо�""ԡӦȻЧԣοѧо֮""ϷԡʵЧԣ
ϷԿͨʵ֤ȡʵͨϵͳṹĹܸ졢ʵȽϵ"鹤""ƶȴ"ĽʵЧԡרעྭ湤ѧңѧҡѧҡѧԼϸʷѧҵȵȣ˵˼ͼʵ�"Ե"ִҪõ"Ը"35ҮľŽĸﲢԼ塣36ȻԵⲢǿͨԵ˼ܹܵ˵ģںϷԵ鹤ƶݽʵֻԭеԻδҡ֤ȻЧʱܵԽȥûʶǣĸﲢǰıѡڹϱȽϺ߸ãӶŷAԷB־оʵ֤빦˼·ʹ޷νչ˵ȶԱΪҪһһԭеԳΣıǿͨ�"ѡ""ѡ"ġڹҮ˵û˼ƶݽչкĵɡΡƽȨȶǴģûִѧ֮ɻڽ̻ζѧĹŵȻӶʹýڸȫĿ۵ۡѧۡۡȻ۵ȣ֮ϵĹŴ򼱾"Σ"""ΪһϵЩDzܴӹŴ͢ŪְԱʿɮ£ʿΪͳ֮Чչ޵鹤�"ʵ""չ"ġ37
һϣйǧͳαǨΪṩһɹijھʷաʿЩʫ顢ϹҳΪ""׼ײߣ֧Ĭ¿չС"䷨"ĸᾭƶȣͳЧԡȻеָĸıĶǺϷϵƶȵʵЧԣ"䷨"ķȲδ󣬾ڲ漰""ͳԵǰ½УijҲʼڲ䶯һͳԵǰ½СйʷԼʯ䷨(ʯ˵Ϊ䷨"ηԲڲ㷨"֮)ȴҲйͳ֮չûдȥ""ȨԸʯ˻׫д塷ͬͳѧҹйʷһһεĸijҲʼڲ䶯һͳԵǰ½Уijζֻijһ"Ѿ"䲻Ǵ""άг""˴ͳԵ""µijһ"˳Ӧ"ȡ֮ԽļᴬڹŶʹͳγΣһ"˺һ"Ϊйͳȫµ򻹻ȥ38˼ǣڹҮľ˵ͬ""ʩԡεĸƪ´ϾսʩҮ֮Ľţؽʾ˺Ϸ֮ҪҰڹҮ˵ƶݽչʵ""Ϊǰᣬƶݽֻһ"ƽձ"²ܵԽС"䷨"ķȲ?39Ȼ"ƽձ"ȴܴӾʵ֤оóͬʵ֤徭оʩشӵ˵ʵڣʵĿԣȴóΪ̬ս״̬ɱ¾μѻΪ"λ"
ϣʵ֤оչľ߸شһŵεľսһȶĺƽοܣʵϣⱾһ淶⣬ʵ֤оްȴ㹻ڵսľ֤ȻҲܾٳںƽӡΣѻ֣̬ʩûڹ淶شúƽΪʲôܣԺƽΪǰĹҮҲûй淶Եػش𣬺ƽձοܣˣʵ֤оȲ֤ձĵѻ״̬Ҳܹ֤ձĺƽ״̬淶ԵľоȿԵóҮƫصɷĺϷԣҲȫԵóصöʩصȫȨҵĺϷԣҽʵΪݵĻʩصʵҪȹҮø˵ΪʵϾһ"ƽձ"
ڹҮͼͨӵľ崫ͳԾԿŷ½ոɴͳһ"ѧ֮ԭȫ"40ʩصľо׵"ȫ"ھֳܾŲƶƺ󳹵ȫԵشͷʼͨھʵ֤빦ʩóĽȫȻһɡΪĵչ򣬶һ˽ȨȨݷ֮ϵȫȨҡǴԽǶȶʩصȫȨ淶ĻӦҮ˵Ⱦָ"ͨū֮·"ȫȨأҮ˱ȵ"Ե"֮бԿ¡޶˹John Rawls""ѧңЩ淶ĽѧңԼ˹ع壩ʵҲʩصҪ۵УԹҮʩõ""֮ʩ˵ǵ෴ǡǡǼǿȫȨҵ֤ʵ֤壩֮
ɴ˿ɼԵⲻͨԺϷԵʵ֤оԼĽԹܵ˵ġ"ϵ"""ִ磬οܣ˵֮Ĺ淶οܣʼԽÿһѧңԼѧҡѧңԵĺ⡣Ҵij˵ִ֮ǰĹŴͬҲ⡣и͵Ĺŵ"Ȼ"Ϊͳ֮ݣʵĺϷʵܺӦȻЧ֮""ǰִһΣ"Ȼ"ҲԳΣµĴģȨ棩ǰִΣδִεضҡȻŵĺʩ˹ϣŴЩʵ"""""ƫ"ΪĹͬȻĹͬ塣41λ֮ͬΪ""ѧңΪŵĹŵͼҪʵϾǣάֹŵξð""ĵ߸֮ʩ˹δͼҪǹŴ⡣׹"̵""߹"ĹŵѧţҿʵǹܣΣȶͳεĹ淶42ϣϷ֮ʹùŴִһԵ⡣Žͬǣŵ"Ȼ"ͣṩ˹ŴռԻΣɵֻ""""䣬ȻһȻȻѧʹŵ"Ȼ"ִܺ磬Σ""""Ҳ䣬ʮ¸Լ˹ѶĪˣִøΪң""""ʽļ˵ִ

ȫȨҵĺϷvs.ιҵĺϷ

عͷʩصʩϿ׻ִУȫȨΨһԵ˭ȫȨҹ뷴˭ͻΪҵ""ΪΪ"սź"ĹڵˡȻ"Ϸ"""֮ļˣ"˴""ѻ""ʵԺʵĿ"ֻṩȫȨϵ"Ϸ"ʹڹ淶ϻ֤Ϊ""֮ʩ"ʵ"""֮߼ϵĶѣ˽ĺϷ淶ԻΪһ̸
ھʷϣִȨȷʵеĺϷ""Ϊ"Ƿ"һʩͨʵ֤оʵжϣ"ÿҾ涨һ˭ǹڵ˵Ĺ"43Ȼ˵ˣѾʵĹӵźϷϵʵЧԣʵ˵ͬʱͳε⡣һ֤Ĺ˵ԽԽڴǿ´ڷ/ıԵʱ"Ƿ"ЧƱؽ𽥲áΪ˵£޷Ϊ"Ƿ"⼴ζͳγʧЧˣκͼʹͳδ³ξðĹңڹ淶ṩΪĻ֮ݡ
֮гֵʵͻȷݺϷ/ǷĶԪжǷɣΪ֮н飩Դȴһھ徭Ĺ淶⡣ʩصʵ֤Ѿڣ"˴""ʵԺʵĿ"ͬһԵ֤νǺ޹ϸ¡Ϊ1ΣеͳǻŵˣڵУڵʵԣȻʹȫӵԵ״µ˵ͬҲŵˣԼڲ"ܷĵ"--ᡢװOŵȣʵԺʵԡʴˣ˴ͬͳǷȫȻ޹ء2һΣеͳ˵Ȼдʷеľ֤ݿ˵еĴڲΣʱ⣬ͬʱͬҲ㹻ʷ֤ṩ෴ʵнʹΣеͳܵжظ1989һϵе"ն"ǽ
ɴ˿ɼ˵"ʵ"ͬһǷӵԲ߼ϵκιҲ˵˵"ʵ"ʹȨͳεԣʹȴʵΪĹ淶򣬸޷ʩƵʹȻӵ"ս͹زĿ"֮޴ȫȨңʩϹ涨Ϊ"ʱ׼""ԥ"Ĺ֮ʵȨ߽ɵռ䡣ʩصķʹ۵IJͳεԶֻǺϷԣϷֻڷ϶ʵϣΪʩս䣨Ȩߣľʽ֮ϣ˵ɾľϡ
ϣʹDzȥʩƵĵѻ"еʵԺʵĿ"ʵпɭHans Kelsenʵ֤ǿ""Ƶʩ޷Ҳһʵ֤ʽȻȴ¶ɫת淶潫"ѻ"ε"Ϻ淶Ķ"Դ˸"ά̹"֮"ȫȨ"ԣٽҡ뾭ȱʧεԡʩƣܲȡѻ֣Ҫô"޴"Ҫô""44Щܵѻֵ--""Ȼʩ"ʱ"µ--"ԼĿȰι۵"45
ʩûʶǣͬɭʽǡǡǴӹǶǶԹҵĹ֮Ȼͬʵ֤ںϷǷԪǿҵĵڹ--ȶΪڴʩڵѶԪǿҵı--ȶİȫڴǹͬĹ˼£ǰǿιңƳȫȨҡʩɷнµس""죬뷨ʵ֤ʵͬ޹ءǵʵʷڣȨǷӦôڷɣǿͨ""exceptionȱڶڷ֮ϡ˫Ľȫھ̨ͬչұ˴˾ʵ֤ΪΪγĹۣڽǡǡ෴ûдӹ淶Ƕֱңȡõʵ֮⡣ʩؾܶԷʵ֤֮ǣȻʩؽΪѧҵҲòʩڡεĸȷʵ֤壬Ϊ"޴Ե'ʵ֤'"46ǰĵķѽʾʩʵ֤ȫȨҵ""֮䣬֤ϾĶȱϣǡ֣Richard Wolinԣ"''һͬʩغ޹ϵ"47
˵ʩسûзϷ֮⵹ίʩ׷Τ˺ϷԣԴʵ֤壬ڿдִԡһIJ³űHans BlumenbergûиΤϷԵָ֣ΪʵǺϷԵԭ绤ʩΪȷеָϷߵķҰڣ"Ե˼ǺϷģrightϷԵ˼ǺϷġϷһֿƲ--ҪôǹҿƲơҪôпԤ⹦ܵĿƲ--Ĺģʽ"48ȻʩضһֵľþЩ߽ˡΪѧҵʩϽΣѻ֣ڷ֮ϣԵģ˷ɹغε⡣ʵ֤ѷɷλھáϵͳУʽķɸӦԵΣѻ֣ӶɥʧԶͽߺϷԡȻֵɵǣʩԼǷԣǿ˵Σѻ֣ǡǡҲʵ֤ķʽƳõԶǹ淶Ե۾ݡݾ⣬Dz߼ݳ淶Ż⡣⣬ʩͬһزʽϵͳΨҪĿ겻ǿƲңƴȨȫȨҡˣʩͬʵ֤һӶֻںϷԵIJչΪͬĺϷԭ˴˽档
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Ϸʾ"ֻ˽ʵ"ʩ˹51ʩһشӾ۾ݳ¶ɫؽʵκϷתΪ淶ԡмĹؼڣʩϰһԵθ任˹淶Եθֱ任ʵʵ֮߼Ѷ޴ӳΪʩصֱ任˵͵⣩޴ӳʩΪ"ѻ"ֻǾʵôͨʵıʵѡˡսλһ""硣ϣʵԳ˿ֲijͻȻսܴ˿̵Ļսڻ̣ԶԿʱķԹ淶--"úƽ"֮иʵ񵱴ܹ˹֮"һߣʵϣΪһõĿߣҵжһֹ"52


עͣ
ʩأεĸ룬쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ210ҳϺϺ2002档ĸӢ뱾˵μCarl Schmitt, The Concept of the Political, trans. George Schwab, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1976, p.79. ʩ˹ԡεĸעаѻøˣ"˵״̬ʵϣ֮'Ȼ'ĺͼ˵״̬""Ļԣϣһˣˣ޷ӱΡ""βǿܵĶʵģʵĶDZȻġ"μʩ˹ʩءεĸע룬쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ218ҳ222223ҳ
תС㣺ʩηѧǰԡСࣺʩηѧǰ2ҳϺϺ2002档
ʩأεĸ쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ169ҳAlso see Schmitt, The Concept of the Political, p.33.
ʩ˹꽫˹䡶˹ѧ֮"ް"гϣһ󣬸ӦùάSee Leo Strauss, The Political Philosophy of Hobbes: Its Basis and Its Gen-esis, trans. Elsa M. Sinclair, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1952, p.xv.
Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince: A New Translation Backgrounds Interpretations, trans. && ed. Robert M. Adams, New York: Norton && Company, 1977, p.44.
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Beijing: China Social Sci-ences Publishing House, 1999, p.119-20.
Leo Strauss && Joseph Cropsey (eds.), History of Polit-ical Philosophy, Chicago: the University of Chicago Press, 1987, p.1. ͬʱμʩ˹ʲôѧ룬عŶ¡ɪ˹ȱִࣺ˼--򡢼ֵ⡷62ҳӡ1985档ʶʩ˹òŵĹŴѧοѧΪ"ŵѧ"ʵ淶Ұѧ"ִѧ"ʵϣʩ˹˼ָʵŴγΪﱾʵȻԼ׳ɵķ֣֮˲ȻԼִԽȻȨnatural rightʵȨpositive right֮Ҳһֵո֮ʼγǿǰߣȻƣʶʩ˹ոǹŵѧʼˡSee Strauss && Cropsey (eds.), His-tory of Political Philosophy, pp.3-6.
ϸʹpositivismһʣΪem-piricismķչϸ淶жֵжϡͬʵָscientismʵ֤Ψѧʵֻ֤ʵ֤ѧΨһЧ֪ʶʽڽʮֻļر֣positivismĿ֣falsificationismrealismnaturalismȣﲻЩݱչϸۡ
Jurgen Habermas, The philosophical discourse of modernity: twelve lectures, trans. Frederick Lawrence, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1987, pp.154-5. Also see Thomas McCarthy, "Introduction," in Habermas, The philosophical discourse of modernity: twelve lectures, p.vii.
10ʩأεĸ쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ164ҳ
11ͬ飬163164ҳ186ҳ
12ͬ飬180ҳʩ˹ڡʩءεĸעһаʩعΣѻ֣֮Ե۵˵ø͸"εֽṹԶλ˵ǻԵģһ򲢴'Զ''߶'ϣDzʩ'ȲͬҲͬ'¡;õ"ʩ˹ָ"ʵϣ֮'Ȼ'ĺͼ˵״̬"μʩ˹ʩءεĸע쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ217218ҳ
13ʩأεĸ쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ164ҳ200ҳ186ҳ
14ͬ飬160ҳ
15ͬ飬167ҳ184ҳ180ҳ
16ͬ飬178179ҳ
17ʩػرָ"ܷιܷܵŦԼǣ͵Ĺȣȴ־"ͬ飬184ҳ180181ҳͬʱμС㣺ʩηѧǰԡСࣺʩηѧ12ҳ30ҳ
18ʩأεĸ쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ181ҳĸӢ뱾˵μSchmitt, The Concept of the Political, p.46. ڻ˹"ά̹"еľ޴ȨμHobbes, Leviathan, ch.18.Լ˹۹񡷣¡
19See Hobbes, Leviathan, p.556. Լʩأεĸ쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ187ҳ
20ʩأεĸ쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ199ҳ169ҳĸӢ뱾˵μSchmitt, The Concept of the Political, p.65, pp.32-3.
21ʩأεĸ쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ198ҳ188ҳĸӢ뱾˵μSchmitt, The Concept of the Political, p.64, p.53.
22ͬ飬167ҳĸӢ뱾˵μSchmitt, The Concept of the Political, p.30.
23εĸ߽Ǹ⣬ҽһƪ׫джչ
24ʩأεĸ쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ170ҳĸӢ뱾μSchmitt, The Concept of the Political, p.33.
25ʩأεĸ쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ178ҳĸӢ뱾˵μSchmitt, The Concept of the Political, pp.43-4.
26ʩأεĸ쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ188ҳ157ҳ
27ͬ飬165166ҳĸӢ뱾˵μSchmitt, The Concept of the Political, p.28.
28Ψѧ岻ǹҮϵΨѧ壬ȻѧѧĶԱΨѧǰߵ󣬶ʵ֤оȻѧѧ淶оʹøôʡȻҮ˶Ȼѧѧͬ˵ֲͬնҮΤĿ̸ѧܺάظ˹̹ӰԶԶʵ֤ѧΪ󡣲μҮˣѧķ--֮о룬Ͼֳ2003档Also see Peter Winch, The Idea of Science and Its Relation to Philosophy, London: Routledge, 1990.
28ȻֻʩԼʱֵ̬ȣбĹ۵㣨編ʵ֤壩ʱƺԼǿοѧҵݣʱʱѧң׼ѧң׽ʩ˹۵"Եµ--'''淶Ա׼'--ûзʩض˵ƽжϡȻжϡ"ʩ˹ʩءεĸע쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ231ҳ
30ʩϱǷһ㣬һ£ҽһƪ׫джչ
31ʩأεĸ쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ172ҳĸӢ뱾˵μSchmitt, The Concept of the Political, p.36.
32ʩأεĸ쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ199ҳ
33ͬ飬157ҳ164165ҳĸӢ뱾˵μSchmitt, The Concept of the Political, p.20, pp.26-8.
34ij˵ʲ׼Լ޲׼˼ͬΣء͵˶֮ԳΣź־Ҳ˵ˣڹ淶ϴŲͬ͵ԣ˵ŶԴƩ磬ͨ淶ֵͨԾͽȻͬдִ¡ֲͬ/Ϸ⡣ּƪ۲֮ͬ𣬶ִ龳µĺϷʹһʡ
35Ү˼ţѧҳ˵ͼͼΪδƵĽҪҳδƵ򡣲μҮˣѧķ--֮о17ҳ
36˸ѧʵ֤ͨΪڰŵĹ˹ʵ֤ѧоǹߺͬŵı־Ҳס˹Ҫ侯ʵ֤оѧʵ֤оɱΪ"ʶ̬"갢ŵԼ˹˵սֱǹҮ˵ѲաҪһǣյ֤α御ʵ֤ò֣ʵҲھʵ֤һ֧Ϊ֤αǿԾʵΪݡĹ淶оȫھʵȲ�"֤ʵ"Ҳ"֤α"ʧܡ
37Ү֤ϵĻʱò뿪棬"Ԫԭ"meta-legal doctrineһ淶ĽϣԼΪе""˵"Ը"ڵġɡɡУǸǿԿҮ˶ѧı仯--ѧΪһ"й'ʵȻ'оԿļģʽн"See F. A. Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty, Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, 1999, p.206. Also see Hayek, Law, Legislation and Liberty, vol. I, Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, 1999, p.17. ڶԹҮ˾弰ԷμھԪִԡ4974ҳϺϺ2002档
38μ׾Ԫִԡһġǡйᳬȶвоᡢʷʵ֤оΪĴԲμΡ壺ʢΣйᳬȶṹɳ1984棻λ꣺ѡἰս᣺غʷһѧ͡1998棻ͣйʷϵĹȦ"ּ沢벻ּ沢"ͣ塷1999档
39F. A. Hayek, Law, Legislation and Liberty, vol. II, pp.57-8, p.148.
40Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty, p.3.
41Leo Strauss, "A Giving of Accounts", in Strauss, Jewish Philosophy and the Crisis of Modernity: Essays and Lectures in Modern Jewish Thought, ed. Kenneth Hart Green, Al-bany: State University of New York Press, 1997, p.463; Strauss, "Preface", in Strauss, Liberalism Ancient and Modern, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995, p. x. μʩ˹ȻȨʷ룬13ҳ2003档
42Strauss, "Preface" && "Liberal Education and Responsi-bility", in Strauss, Liberalism Ancient and Modern, p. x, pp.14-5. μʩ˹дȺļաֹ룬غࣺѧ˼ִۡԵչ2002档˼ǣҮˡʩءʩ˹λʮͱ""ԭʵأȻЩԭȴָͬȻԣϱֳһһʶ̬ף""""ֳֳijһ¡
43ʩأεĸ쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ181ҳ
44ͬ飬187ҳͬʱμС㣺ʩηѧǰԡСࣺʩηѧ32ҳ
45ʩأεĸ쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ204205ҳ
46ʩءʩ˹롴εĸĶԻ--ʩʩ˹51ҳAlso see Heinrich Meier, Carl Schmitt and Leo Strauss: The Hidden Dialogue, trans. J. Harvey Lomax, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995, p.60. ˵"޴Ե"һǰʾʩشʵ֤Ƕ֤""ѻ֣֮ԵλһֹԵļֶΣĹ淶ѧƴ塣һλд"޴Dzʹʩθе⣬ңΪһ''޴ǣʩ˫صƣܹ'淶'άԼ'ε'ܹʹƾеɫʵĸ߶ȷκζ''Ĺ淶'''ʳ'"飬51ҳ23ҳ
47֣ʩءδȫȨҡŹ룬֣ĻĹ--˸ѧɡͺṹ塷330ҳӡ2000档
48ʩأεѧƪתС㣺ʩε--ӡεĸεѧ쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ31ҳ
49ʩأεĸ쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ188ҳ184185ҳ
50ͬ飬180181ҳ
51ʩ˹ʩءεĸע쿱ࣺ˼ᡷڶʩأεʣֵ221ҳ
52 Habermas, "China: Schmerzen der Gesellschaft," Die Zeit, No. 20, 2001.

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