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¡°In my youth,¡± said his father, ¡°I took to the law,

And argued each case with my wife;

And the muscular strength, which it gave to my jaw

Has lasted the rest of my life¡±

---Lewis Carroll, Alice¡¯s Adventures in Wonderland

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[i][1] ÕâÒ»µãÒ²ÌåÏÖÔÚ70Äê´úÖÐÆÚÃÀ¹úÉç»áѧ½ç¶ÔΤ²®µÄËùν¡°È¥ÅÁɭ˹»¯¡±¡£´Ó½ñÌìµÄ½Ç¶È¿´£¬ÎÞÂÛÊÇËùν¡°Õýͳ¹²Ê¶¡±ÖеÄΤ²®ÐÎÏ󣬻¹ÊǼ¤½ø×óÅÉÑÛÖеÄΤ²®£¬ÕùÂÛË«·½µÄ¹Ûµã´ó¸Å¶¼È±·¦¶ÔΤ²®¹ØÐĵÄÎÊÌâµÄÕæÕý¸ÐÊÜ¡£Jere Cohen et al., ¡°De-Parsonalizing Weber: A Critique of Parsons¡¯ Interpretation of Weber¡¯s Sociology¡±; Talcott Parsons, ¡°Comment on Cohen et al¡±; Cohen et al, ¡°Reply to Parsons¡±, reprinted in Peter Hamilton ed. Max Weber: Critical Assessments II (London: Routledge, 1991), Vol. 2: 111£­40.

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[v][5] ÖµµÃ×¢ÒâµÄÊÇ£¬ÓÉÓÚÅÁɭ˹ÔÚ·­Ò롶нÌÂ×ÀíÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡·Ê±½«ÕâÆª¡°Ç°ÑÔ¡±Ò»²¢Òë³ö£¬ÖÃÓÚÕýÎÄǰ£¬ÔÚÓ¢ÓïºÍººÓïµÄѧ½ç£¬Ðí¶àÈ˶¼Î󽫴ËÎĵ±×÷¡¶Ð½ÌÂ×ÀíÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡·µÄ¡°µ¼ÂÛ¡±£¬ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö²¢·ÇÎ޹ؽôÒªµÄ´íÎó¡£ÕýÈçBenjamin NelsonËùÑÔ£¬ÕâÆªÐ´ÓÚ1920ÄêµÄÖø×÷ÊÇÕû¸öΤ²®Öø×÷µÄ¡°¹Ø¼üÏßË÷¡±¡£²Î¼ûΤ²®£¬¡¶ÊÀ½ç×Ú½ÌÂÛÎ·¡°Ç°ÑÔ¡±£¨Ô­Îª¡°µ¼ÂÛ¡±£©£¬ ÊÕÈ롶нÌÂ×ÀíÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡·£¨ÓÚÏþµÈÒ룬±±¾©£ºÈýÁªÊéµê£¬1987£©£¬1£­19¡£

[vi][6] Ó롰нÌÂ×ÀíÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡±¡¢¡°Ð½̽ÌÅÉÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡±Á½ÏîÔçÏȵÄÑо¿Ò»Í¬¹¹³É¡¶Î·µÄÖ÷Ì壬ÊÇΤ²®¼Ì¡¶Ð½ÌÂ×Àí¡·ÒÔºó×Ú½ÌÉç»áѧÑо¿µÄÖØÒª¼Æ»®£¬°üÀ¨ÒѾ­Íê³ÉµÄÓйØÖйú×ڽ̣¨Èå½ÌÓëµÀ½Ì£©¡¢Ó¡¶È×ڽ̣¨Ó¡¶È½ÌÓë·ð½Ì£©µÄÑо¿£¬Î´×îºóÍê³ÉµÄ¹Å´úÓÌÌ«½Ì·ÖÎö£¬ÒÔ¼°ÉõÖÁûÓÐÀ´µÃ¼°³ÉƪµÄ¶ÔÒÁ˹À¼½ÌºÍÔçÆÚ»ù¶½½ÌµÈ×ڽ̵ÄÑо¿¡£²Î¼ûWolfgang Schluchter, Rationalism, Religion and Domination (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), Chap.XII.

[vii][7]¾ùдÓÚ1915Ä꣬ÔÚ1920ÄêÓÖ¾­¹ýΤ²®µÄÐÞ¶©¡£ÕâÁ½ÆªÎÄÕÂÊÕÈëÖÐÎİæµÄ¡¶Èå½ÌÓëµÀ½Ì¡·£¨ÍõÈÝ·ÒÒ룬±±¾©£ºÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý£¬1995£©£¬¡¶ÊÀ½ç×ڽ̵ľ­¼ÃÂ×Àí¡·¡°µ¼ÂÛ¡±£¬3£­40£»¡°Öм䷴˼¡±£¨ÍõÈÝ·ÒÒëΪ¡°¹ý¶ÉÑо¿¡±£©£¬302£­37¡£

[viii][8] Friedrich Tenbruck, ¡°The Problem of thematic unity in the works of Max Weber¡±, in Keith Tribe ed. Reading Weber (London: Routledge, 1989), 42-84.

[ix][9] ³ýÁËÏÂÎÄÖ±½ÓÂÛ¼°µÄһЩÕùÂÛÍ⣬һ¸öÕùÒéµÄ½¹µãÊÇΤ²®µÄÖøÊöÊÇ·ñÖ»¾ßÓÐÒ»¸öºËÐÄÎÊÌâ¡£¿ÉÄÜÏóÑÅ˹±´¶û˹ËùÑÔ£¬Î¤²®µÄÖø×÷¾ÍÊÇһЩ¡°·ÖÉ¢µÄƬ¶Ï¡±£¬¶ø¡°Æ¬¶Ï»¯¡±£¨fragmentation£©ÕýÏÊÃ÷ÌåÏÖÁËΤ²®Ë¼ÏëÓëÉú»îµÄ·ç¸ñ¡£È϶¨Ò»Î»Ñ§Õß±ÏÉúµÄÑо¿Ö»ÊÇÎ§ÈÆÒ»¸öÖÐÐÄÎÊÌ⣬Õâ±¾Éí²¢·ÇÀíËùµ±È»µÄ¼ÙÉè¡£¾¡¹Ü±¾ÎĵķÖÎöÈÔÖ÷ÒªÊÇ´ÓÒ»¸öÎÊÌâÓò³ö·¢£¬¿¼ÂÇΤ²®µÄ˼Ï룬µ«ÎÒÃDz¢²»Òò´ËÈÏΪÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâÓòÊǹᴩΤ²®È«²¿ÖøÊöµÄΨһÎÊÌâÓò¡£¶øÇÒ¼´Ê¹ÔÚ±¾ÎÄ¿¼²ìµÄÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâÓòÖУ¬Î¤²®ÓйصÄнÌÂ×ÀíµÄ·ÖÎöÓëΤ²®ÓйØÏÖ´ú·¨ÀíȨÍþµÄÂÛÊö£¬¾¡¹ÜÉæ¼°Í¬ÑùµÄÖ÷Ì⣬µ«È´ÒѾ­´Ó²»Í¬µÄ½Ç¶È´¥¼°ÁËÕâÒ»Ö÷Ì⡣ʵ¼ÊÇé¿öÏÔȻҪ±ÈÌÚ²¼Â³¿Ë×î³õÈÏΪµÄÇéÐθ´Ôӵöࡣ²Î¼ûÑÅ˼ÅࣨÑÅ˹±´¶û˹£©£¬¡¶ÂÛΤ²®¡·£¨Â³ÑàÆ¼Ò룬̨±±£º¹ð¹ÚͼÊ飬1992£©£¬9¡£

[x][10] ÕâÒ²ÐíÊÇΤ²®Ë¼ÏëµÄÕæÕý¡°¾«Éñ¡±£¬²Î¼ûDirk K¨£sler, Max Weber: an Introduction to His Life and Work (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1988), Chap. 7.

[xi][11] Tenbruck, ¡°The Problem of thematic unity in the works of Max Weber¡±, 75.

[xii][12] EntzauberungµÄÒë·¨ÖÁ½ñÈÔÓÐһЩÕùÂÛ£¬´Ó×ÖÃæÉÏÀ´¿´£¬Ó¦ÒëΪ¡°de-magicification¡±£¨Ê©Â·ºÕÌØ¾ÍÈÏΪÕâÑù¸ü׼ȷ£©¡£ÔÚÓ¢Óïѧ½ç£¬¾¡¹Ü ¡°³ýħ¡±£¨disenchantment£¬ÖÐÎÄÒ²ÓÐÈËÒëΪ¡°³ý÷È¡±£©ÊǽÏΪÆÕ±éµÄÒë·¨£¬µ«Ò²ÓÐѧÕßÖ¸³ö£¨ÈçHennis£©£¬Ó¦ÒëΪ¡°È¥ÉñÃØ»¯¡±£¨demystification£©£¬²»¹ý´ÓÖÐÎĵĽǶȿ´£¬¡°È¥ÉñÃØ»¯¡±²¢²»Ì«×¼È·£¬ËƺõÈÔÒÔ¡°³ýħ¡±Ò»´Ê½ÏΪÀíÏë¡£

[xiii][13] ¡°µ¼ÂÛ¡±ÖÐÒ»´Î£¬¡°Öм䷴˼¡±ÖÐÁ½´Î£¬¾¡¹ÜΤ²®ÔÚ³ÉÊì½×¶Î£¨1915Ä֮꣩ǰ£¬¾ÍÒѾ­Ê¹ÓùýÕâÒ»¸ÅÄî¡£²Î¼ûSchluchter, Rationalism, Religion and Domination, 577-8 n.35.

[xiv][14] ±»±àÈë¡¶¾­¼ÃÓëÉç»á¡·ÖеÄÐí¶àÎĸåÊôÓÚΤ²®ÎªÄâÒéÖеġ¶¾­¼Ã¡¢ÖîÉç»áÖÈÐòÓë¼°ÆäȨÁ¦¡·Ò»Êé׫дµÄ²¿·ÖÎÄ×Ö¡£Ð°æÎ¤²®È«¼¯½«Ô­Êô¡¶¾­¼ÃÓëÉç»á¡·µÄÕâЩÎı¾°´ÕâÒ»ÊéÃûÖØÐ±༭¡£ÈýÁªÊéµêµÄÖÐÎİ桶Τ²®Ñ¡¼¯¡·Ò²²ÉÈ¡ÁËÕâÒ»×ö·¨£¬Ö»²»¹ýÒë×ö¡¶¾­¼Ã¡¢ÖîÉç»áÁìÓò¼°È¨Á¦¡·£¬¸ÊÑô±à£¬ÀîÇ¿Ò루±±¾©£ºÈýÁªÊéµê£¬1998£©¡£ÓйظÃÊéÖøÊöÊ··½ÃæµÄÇé¿ö£¬²Î¼ûSchluchter, Rationalism, Religion and Domination, Chap. XIII. ÒÔϳöÓÚÒýÎĵķ½±ã£¬ÎÒÃÇÈÔȻԮÓá¶¾­¼ÃÓëÉç»á¡·µÄÃû×Ö¡£

[xv][15] Schluchter, Rationalism, Religion and Domination, Chap. XII- XIII.

[xvi][16] Wilheim Hennis, Max Weber: Essays in Reconstruction (London: Allen & Unwin, 1988)¡£µ±È»²¿·ÖÊܵ¹úѧÕßµÄÓ°Ï죬µ±´úÃÀ¹úµÄÄêÇáѧÕßÒ²Á¦Í¼ÑïÆúÒÔÅÁɭ˹ºÍ±¾µÏ¿Ë˹һÊÖÊ÷Á¢µÄΤ²®ÐÎÏó£¬ÕâÏÔÈ»±È ¡°Î¤²®µÄÈ¥ÅÁɭ˹»¯¡±ÒªÓÐÒâÒåµÃ¶à¡£Ìرð²Î¼ûLawrence Scaff, Fleeing the Iron Cage: Culture, Politics, and Modernity in the Thought of Max Weber (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989).

[xvii][17] Hennis, Max Weber, 64.

[xviii][18] Karl Loewith, Max Weber and Karl Marx (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1982), 19-22.

[xix][19] Hennis , Max Weber , 45,38.

[xx][20] Τ²®ÔÚ³ÐÈÏÉ£°ÍÌØ¶Ô×Ô¼ºË¼ÏëµÄÓ°ÏìµÄͬʱ£¬Ã÷È·Çø·ÖÁË×Ô¼ºµÄ˼·ÓëÉ£°ÍÌØµÄ˼·£¬ÕâÒ»Çø·ÖÉ¢¼û¡¶Ð½ÌÂ×ÀíÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡·Ò»ÊéµÄ¸÷´¦£¬ÀýÈç55£»157£­161£¬×¢12£¬×¢14¡£ÕâÒ»µãÌØ±ðÌåÏÖÔÚΤ²®Ò»Ö±Ç¿µ÷µÄ¶ÔÀíÐÔ×ʱ¾Ö÷ÒåÓëÆäËüÐÎʽµÄ×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò壨Èç¼úÃñ×ʱ¾Ö÷Òå»òµÁÔô×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò壩µÄÃ÷È·Çø·ÖÉÏ£¬ÀýÈçMax Weber, Political Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 89-90.

[xxi][21] ÀýÈçΤ²®£¬¡¶Ð½ÌÂ×ÀíÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡·£¬17£­8¡£¶øÕýÊÇÒòΪΤ²®Äܽ«¡°¸öÐÔ¡±¡¢¡°Éú»î·½Ê½¡±Óë¡°ÈË¡±µÄÎÊÌâ·ÅÔÚ¾ßÌåµÄ¹úÃñ¾­¼Ãѧ¡¢Àúʷѧ»òÉç»áѧµÄÑо¿ÖУ¬²ÅʹËûµÄÕâЩ¹ÛÄîÓ뵱ʱʢÐеĸöÐԵĿÏñ³ç°Ý»òËùν¡°Â×ÀíÎÄ»¯¡±Çø·Ö¿ªÀ´¡£Î¤²®¶ÔÎÄÈËÏ°ÆøµÄÅúÅУ¬Ã¬Í·Õë¶ÔµÄʵ¼ÊÉÏÊÇÎÞÊÓÏÖʵµÄÀËÂþÖ÷Òå¡£ÔÚΤ²®¿´À´£¬ÕâÖÖ¡°ÎÄÈ˵ķÊÔíÅÝ¡±£¬ÓÐÒâÅàÑøÁËÒ»ÖÖÎÞÊÓÏÖʵµÄϰ¹ß£¬È±·¦Î¤²®Ò»ÔÙÇ¿µ÷µÄ¡°ÏÖʵ¸ÐºÍ¿Í¹ÛÐÔ¡±£¨Sachlichkeit£©¡£¶øÇÒ´ò×ÅËùν¡°ÉúÃü¡±»ò¡°ÌåÑ顱µÄÆìºÅ£¬²»½ö²»ÄܼáÊØ¸öÐÔ£¬Ïà·´È´ÊÇÔÚÍß½â¸öÐÔ¡£ÓйØÎ¤²®¶ÔÎÄÈËÏ°ÆøµÄÅúÆÀ£¬²Î¼ûΤ²®£¬¡°ÒÔѧÊõΪҵ¡±£¬¡¶Ñ§ÊõÓëÕþÖΡ·£¬·ë¿ËÀûÒ루±±¾©£ºÈýÁªÊéµê£¬1998£©£¬25£­7£»Weber, Political Writings, 107¡£Î¤²®¶ÔËùν¡°Â×ÀíÎÄ»¯¡±µÄÑÏÀ÷ÅúÆÀ̬¶È£¬ÀýÈçMax Weber, ¡°Anticritical Last Word on The Spirit of Capitalism¡±, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 83, No.5 (1978),1125; ÓÈÆä²Î¼ûScaff, Fleeing the Iron Cage, 22ff.

[xxii][22] ÕâÒ»µãÔÚºàÄá˹µÄ¡°½âÊÍ¡±·½·¨ÖбíÏÖµÃÌØ±ðÃ÷ÏÔ£¬ºàÄá˹һÔÙÇ¿µ÷Τ²®µÄÖÐÐÄÎÊÌâÊÇ¡°È˵ķ¢Õ¹¡±£¬µ«ÓÉÓÚȷʵºÜÉÙÄÜÖ±½ÓÔÚΤ²®µÄÎı¾ÖÐÕÒµ½³ä·ÖµÄÀýÖ¤£¬ºàÄá˹²»µÃ²»·´¸´±ç½â˵Τ²®²¢Î´Ã÷È·µØ²ûÊö×Ô¼º¹Ø×¢µÄ¸ù±¾ÎÊÌ⣬µ«¼ÈȻΤ²®¹ØÐĵÄÎÊÌâÊÇ¡°È˵ķ¢Õ¹¡±ÕâÑùÒ»¸ö¾­µäÎÊÌ⣨ÎÞÂÛÊÇÔÚÕþÖÎ˼ÏëÊ·ÖУ¬»¹ÊÇÔڵ¹ú֪ʶ½çÀ£¬ÄÇô£¬ËûΪʲôƫҪ¶ã¶ãÉÁÉÁ£¬²»¿ÏÃ÷ÑÔÄØ£¿¶øÇÒºàÄá˹ҲûÓиæËßÎÒÃÇ£¬½ö½öÊÇÔÚ²ûÊö´«Í³ÎÊÌâµÄΤ²®£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´Æ«Òª·Ñ¾¡ÐÄ»ú¹¹½¨Ò»Ì×½âÊÍÉç»áѧµÄ·¶³ë¿ò¼Ü£¬·´¸´Ë¼¿¼Ïà¹ØµÄ¡°¿ÆÑ§Ñ§Ëµ¡±ÎÊÌ⣬¶øÔÚºàÄá˹¿´À´£¬ÕâЩ˼¿¼±¾ÉíÔÚΤ²®µÄ˼ÏëÖв¢Ã»ÓÐʲôºËÐĵØÎ»£¬Ö»²»¹ýÊÇÒÔ¡°Òþ»Þ¡±µÄ·½Ê½£¨£¿£©Õ¹ÏÖÁËΤ²®¶Ô¡°È˵ķ¢Õ¹¡±µÄ¹Ø×¢¡£´ËÍ⣬ºàÄáË¹Æ¬ÃæÇ¿µ÷Τ²®ÔçÆÚ×÷Æ·µÄÖØÒªÐÔ£¬ÈÏΪΤ²®´Ó·¨Ñ§×ªÏò¹úÃñ¾­¼Ãѧ¾ßÓÐÖØÒªÒâÒ壬¶øÏà·´È´¶Ô1908ÄêǰºóΤ²®×ªÏòÉç»áѧ²»ÖÃÒ»´ÊÉõÖÁàÍÖ®ÒԱǣ¬ÕâЩ¶¼±©Â¶Á˺àÄá˹˼·µÄȱÏÝ¡£ÕâÑù¿´À´£¬Ê©Â·ºÕÌØ·í´ÌºàÄá˹µÄÕâÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇ¡°Õì̽ʽµÄ˼·¡±£¬²¢·ÇÆ«¼ûÖ®´Ç¡£²Î¼ûSchluchter, Rationalism, Religion and Domination, 413¡£ÕýÈçΤ²®±¾È˼âÈñÖ¸³öµÄ£¬ÔÚ¿ÆÑ§ÁìÓòÖС°²ÉÓá®ÈË¡¯µÄ¸ÅÄîÏÔÈ»²»ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¶Ô¾­ÑéÎÊÌâµÄ½â´ð¡£Ïà·´£¬ËüÊÇÒ»ÖÖÉñÃØ»¯µÄ×ö·¨¡±£¬Max Weber, Critique of Stammler (New York: The Free Press, 1977) , 168.

[xxiii][23] Õ⵱ȻÓëºàÄá˹¶ÔΤ²®ÔçÆÚ×÷Æ·µÄÆ¬ÃæÇ¿µ÷Óйء£²»¹ý£¬ÏÞÓÚ±¾ÎĵÄÄ¿µÄºÍƪ·ù£¬ÕâÀï²»¿ÉÄÜ´¦ÀíÕâÑù¸´ÔÓµÄÎÊÌ⣬µ«ÏÂÎĵÄÂÛÊöÒÑ×ãÒÔ±íÃ÷×÷ÕßÔÚÕâ·½ÃæµÄ̬¶È¡£ÔÚÎÒ¿´À´£¬Î¤²®¶ÔÓÚÏÖ´úÉç»áÀíÂÛµÄÖØÒªÐÔÕýÔÚÓÚËûÊÇÒ»¸ö¡°Éç»á¡±£¨Geschellschaft£©µÄÉç»áѧ¼Ò£¬¶ø·Ç¡°¹²Í¬Ì塱 £¨Gemeinschaft£©µÄÉç»áѧ¼Ò¡£²Î¼ûR. Holton and B. Turner, Max Weber on Economy and Society (London: Routledge, 1989), 39¡£Î¤²®µÄÕâÒ»Á¢³¡Í»³öµØ±íÏÖÔÚËûÔÚÕþÖÎÖøÊöÖжԸ÷ÖÖ¡°´ÖÊèµÄÀËÂþÅÉ¡±¼á³Ö²»Ð¸µÄÅúÅУ¬ÌرðÊÇËû¶ÔijЩÈ˳«µ¼¸´ÐË´«Í³µÄ¡°µÈ¼¶¹ú¼Ò¡±£¬ÒÔ½¨Á¢Ëùν¾­¼Ã£­ÕþÖη½ÃæµÄ¡°ÍŽáÔ­Ôò¡±µÄ²µ³â¡£²Î¼ûWeber, Political Writings, 100ff¡£²»¹ý£¬ÌØÄɱ¾ÈËÈÔÈ»ÈÏΪΤ²®ÊǾßÓл³¾ÉÇéÐ÷µÄ±¯¹ÛÉç»áѧ¼Ò£¬ÌرðÌåÏÖÔÚËûµÄ¡°ÃüÔË¡±¸ÅÄîÉÏ£¬ÊÇÊ®¾ÅÊÀ¼Í»³¾ÉÉç»áѧµÄ´ú±í¡£¶Ô´Ë£¬±ÊÕߵĿ´·¨ÍêÈ«Ïà·´£¬ÏÂÎĶԴËÓÐËùÂÛ¼°¡£²»¹ý£¬¶ÔÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâ¸üÈ«ÃæµÄ¿¼²ì£¬Ò²ÐíÐèÒªÎÒÃdz¢ÊÔ²ûÊöÒ»ÖÖÕæÕýµÄ¡°ÃüÔËÉç»áѧ¡±¡£ÌØÄɵĹ۵ã²Î¼ûBryan Turner, ¡°The Rationalization of the Body: Reflections on Modernity and Discipline¡±, in Sam Whimster and Scott Lash ed. Max Weber, Rationality and Modernity (London: Allen & Unwin, 1987), 236-8.

[xxiv][24] ¡°¿ÉÄܼÛÖµ³åÍ»µÄ´úÑÔÈ˵ÄÒâͼ¾­³£Óöµ½µÄ×îÑÏÖØµÄÎó½â¾ÍÊÇÐû³ÆÕâÖÖÁ¢³¡ÊÇ¡®Ïà¶ÔÖ÷Ò塯¡±, Max Weber, The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Glecncoe, Ill.: The Free Press, 1949), 17.

[xxv][25] Τ²®£¬ ¡¶×Ú½ÌÉç»áѧÂÛÎ·¡°Ç°ÑÔ¡±£¬15¡£

[xxvi][26] Τ²®£¬ ¡¶×Ú½ÌÉç»áѧÂÛÎ·¡°Ç°ÑÔ¡±£¬4£¬ÒëÎÄÓи͝£¨²Î¿¼µÂÎİ棬ÏÂͬ£©¡£

[xxvii][27] Tenbruck, ¡°The Problem of thematic unity in the works of Max Weber¡±, 56.

[xxviii][28]ÎÒÃÇÕâÀïµÄÂÛÊö°üº¬ÁËÀ´×ÔÕùÂÛË«·½µÄÏë·¨¡£±ÊÕßÈÏΪ£¬ÎÞÂÛÌÚ²¼Â³¿Ë¶ÔΤ²®µÄ½ø»¯ÂÛÉõÖÁÄ¿µÄÂÛÉ«²Ê£¨ÀàËÆÎ¤²®ËùÅúÆÀ¹ýµÄ¡°Á÷ÒçÂÛ¡±£©µÄ¶Á½â£¬»¹ÊÇÃÉÉ­µÄÀúÊ·Ö÷ÒåÉ«²ÊµÄ²ûÊö£¬¶¼ÓëΤ²®µÄÕû¸öŬÁ¦·½ÏòÏà㣡£²Î¼ûTenbruck, ¡°The Problem of thematic unity in the works of Max Weber¡±,64; Wolfang Mommsen, The Political and Social Theory of Max Weber (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1989) , chap.10; Schluchter, Rationalism, Religion and Domination,37ff; John Love, ¡°Developmentalism in Max Weber¡¯s Sociology of Religion: a critique of Tenbruck¡±, Arch. europ. sociol., 34 (1993), 339-63.

[xxix][29] ¾¡¹ÜºàÄá˹ǿµ÷µÄ¡°Éú»îÖÈÐò¡±£¨Lebensordungen£©ÔÚΤ²®µÄÎÄÕÂÖÐËÆºõ¸ü³£¼û£¬µ«Î¤²®È´Ñ¡Ôñ¡°Éç»áÖÈÐò¡±×÷ΪÄâÒéÖеÄÖø×÷µÄÊéÃû£¨¡¶¾­¼Ã¡¢ÖîÉç»áÖÈÐò¼°ÆäȨÁ¦¡·£©²¢·ÇºÁÎÞÀ´ÓÉ¡£Ò»·½Ã棬×ÔÌÚÄá˹ÒÔÀ´£¬¡°Éç»á¡±ÕâÒ»¸ÅÄîÔڵ¹úÉç»áѧÖо;ßÓÐÖØÒªµÄÒ⺭£¨¾¡¹ÜÐí¶àʱºò´øÓзñ¶¨µÄÒ⺭£©£»ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬ÕýÈçÏÂÎĽ«ÒªÖ¸³öµÄ£¬Î¤²®ÔÚÍíÆÚÖø×÷ÖУ¬ÓÈÆäËæ×ÅÖ§ÅäÉç»áѧÑо¿µÄ¿ªÕ¹Óë×Ú½ÌÉç»áѧÑо¿µÄÉîÈ룬¸üÃ÷È·µØ¿¼ÂÇÔÚÉç»áÖÈÐòÓë¸öÐÔ£­Éú»îÐÐΪ֮¼äµÄÄÚÔÚ½ôÕŹØÏµ£¬¶ø·Ç¶þÕßÖ®¼äµÄÎǺϣ¬Òò´ËÎÒÃDzÉÓÃÁËÉç»áÖÈÐòÕâÒ»Ó÷¨¡£ÓÐЩӢÎÄÑо¿Öø×÷»ò·­Ò룬¾Í¾¶Ö±½«¡°Éú»îÖÈÐò¡±Ò»´ÊÒëΪ¡°Éç»áÖÈÐò¡±£¬ÕâÑù¾¡¹Ü²»Í×£¬µ«È´¶àÉÙ±íÃ÷ÕâÁ½¸ö¸ÅÄîÖ®¼ä´æÔÚijÖÖÄÚÔÚµÄÒ»ÖÂÐÔ¡£ [xxx][30] Τ²®ÔÚ¡°Öм䷴˼¡±ÖжԾ­¼Ã¡¢ÕþÖΡ¢ÉóÃÀ¡¢ÐÔ°®ºÍ֪ʶÖîÉç»áÁìÓòÖеÄÀíÐÔÖÈÐòÎÊÌâ½øÐÐÁËÏ൱Éî¿ÌµÄ̽ÌÖ£¬²Î¼û¡°Öм䷴˼¡±£¬307£­330¡£

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[xxxix][39] Loewith, Max Weber and Karl Marx , 63,n.45.

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[xlii][42] Loewith, Max Weber and Karl Marx , 59ff£»ÀàËÆµÄ¹Ûµã²Î¼ûHarvey Goldman, Max Weber and Thomas Mann: Calling and the Shaping of the Self (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).

[xliii][43] LiebersohnÇ¿µ÷Τ²®ÓëÌÚÄá˹Ïà±È£¬ÌåÏÖÁ˵¹úÉç»áѧÏëÏóÁ¦ÖÐÁ½ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄ˼·£¨ÃüÔË»òÎÚÍа£¬²Î¼ûHarry Liebersohn, Fate and Utopia in German Sociology: 1870-1923 (Cambridge: Cambridge, 1988)¡£ScaffÒ²ÈÏΪΤ²®Á¦Í¼°ÚÍÑÎÚÍаîµÄ¹ÛÄFleeing the Iron Cage,30.

[xliv][44] Τ²®ÖÂGeorg KaiserµÄÒ»·âÐÅ£¬×ªÒý×ÔMommsen, The Political and Social Theory of Max Weber , 135.

[xlv][45] ¸èµÂ£¬¡°È»¶øÊ²Ã´ÊÇÄãµÄÒåÎñ£¿ÈÕ³£µÄÒªÇó¡±£¬¡¶ÍþÁ®¡¤ÂóË¹ÌØµÄÂþÓÎʱ´ú¡·£¬¶­ÎÊéÔÒ루ÉϺ££ºÉϺ£ÈËÃñ³ö°æÉ磬1995£©£¬251¡£¡°ÒÔѧÊõΪҵ¡±£¬ 49¡£Î¤²®ÔÚ¡¶Ð½ÌÂ×ÀíÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡·ÖÐҲͬÑùÒýÓÃÁËÕâ¾ä»°£¬196Ò³×¢64¡£¸èµÂÕâ¾ä¸ñÑÔÖеġ°ÈÕ³£¡±£¬ÓÖÓС°µ±Ï¡±£¨present£©Ö®Ò壬Òò´Ë£¬´øÓÐŨºñµÄ¹Å´úÕÜѧζµÀ¡£¶øÔÚΤ²®±ÊÏ£¬ÕâÖÖÒì½ÌÉ«²ÊµÄ¸öÐÔ¹ÛÄîÒ¡ÉíÒ»±ä£¬³ÉΪÏÖ´úнÌͽµÄÂ×ÀíдÕÕ£¬ÆäÖÐÉæ¼°Á˸´ÔӵĹÛÄîÊ·ÓëÉç»áÊ··½ÃæµÄÒ⺭£¬¶ÔÓÚÀí½âÏÖ´úÐÔµÄÉç»áÀíÂÛÀ´Ëµ£¬¾ßÓзdz£ÖØÒªµÄÒâÒ壬²»¹ýÕâÒѾ­³¬³ö±¾Îĵķ¶Î§ÁË¡£ [xlvi][46] Τ²®£¬¡°ÒÔѧÊõΪҵ¡±£¬49£¬ÒëÎÄÓи͝¡£

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[l][50] Max Weber, Political Writings, 68¡£ÕýÈçһЩѧÕßÒѾ­Ö¸³öµÄ£¬¡°ÌúÁý¡±µÄÒë·¨²¢²»×¼È·£¬Î´ÄÜ´«´ïΤ²®±ÊÏÂGeh¨¡use¼æ¾ß¡°±£»¤¡±Óë¡°½û±Õ¡±µÄÒ⺭£¬Ò²Ðí¡°£¨Ìú£©ÎÝ¡±»á¸üºÃһЩ¡£Î¤²®ÔÚÂÛÊöũū֯¡¢¿Æ²ãÖÆºÍ¸£Àû¹ú¼ÒÎÊÌâʱ£¬¶¼ÔøÊ¹ÓÃÕâÒ»±ÈÓ÷¡£²»¹ý£¬¿¼Âǵ½ÖÐÎÄѧ½çÒѹ㷺ʹÓÃÕâÒ»Ó÷¨£¬ÔÚûÓÐÕÒµ½¸üÌùÇеÄÒ뷨ǰ£¬È¨ÇÒ±£ÁôÕâÒ»Òë·¨¡£

[li][51] 1889Ä꣬Τ²®Ö±«Ä·¼ÓµÇµÄÐÅ¡£×ªÒý×ÔScaff, Fleeing the Iron Cage,14.

[lii][52] Loewith, Max Weber and Karl Marx , 29; Max Weber, The Methodology of the Social Sciences, 135.

[liii][53] Mommsen, The Political and Social Theory of Max Weber, 3ff.

[liv][54] ²Î¼ûDavid Beetham, ¡°Max Weber and the Liberal Political Tradition¡±, in Asher Horowitz and Terry Maley ed. The Barbarism of Reason: Max Weber and the Twilight of Enlightenment (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994), 99-112£¬²»¹ý×÷Õß½«Î¤²®ÓëHobhauseΪ´ú±íµÄÐÂ×ÔÓÉÖ÷ÒåÏà±È£¬Êµ¼ÊÉϲ¢Ã»ÓÐÍêÈ«¿´µ½Î¤²®µÄ×ÔÓÉÖ÷Òå˼ÏëµÄÖØÒªÌØÕ÷¡£Î¤²®µÄÏÖʵÖ÷Òå̬¶È²¢Ã»ÓÐʹËûÏàÐÅ×ÔÓÉÖ÷ÒåµÄ¡°Éç»á»¯¡±Êǽâ¾ö×ÔÓÉÖ÷ÒåÀ§¾³µÄ³ö·¡£

[lv][55] Weber, Political Writings, 156.

[lvi][56] ʩ·ºÕÌØ³ÆÖ®ÎªÎ¤²®µÄ¡°µÚ¶þ´ÎÍ»ÆÆ¡±£¬ÂõÏòÁËÀíÐÔ»¯µÄÉç»áѧÓëÀàÐÍѧ£¬ Schluchter, Rationalism, Religion and Domination, 44ff£»ÃÉÉ­ÈÏΪΤ²®Ë¼ÏëÍ»ÆÆµÄ¹Ø¼üÊÇ¿ËÀï˹Âê¸ÅÄîµÄ±ä»¯ºÍ´¿´âÀàÐÍ·½·¨µÄ·¢Õ¹£¬Mommsen, The Political and Social Theory of Max Weber, 121ff.

[lvii][57] ÕâÒ»µãÍ»³öÌåÏÖÔÚ¡¶Èå½ÌÓëµÀ½Ì¡·µÄ·ÖÎö¸ñ¾ÖÉÏ£¬ÒÔ¼°Í¬ÆÚ׫дµÄ ¡°Öм䷴˼¡±Ò»ÎÄ¡£

[lviii][58] Mommsen, The Political and Social Theory of Max Weber, 10¡£ÂåÎ¬ÌØºÍÃÉÉ­¶¼ÒýÓùýΤ²®µÄÒ»¾äÖØÒªµÄ»°£¬¡°Ãæ¶ÔÈÕÒæÊ¢ÐеĿƲ㻯Ç÷ÊÆ£¬ÈçºÎÒÀ¾ÉÓпÉÄÜά³ÖijÖÖÈ˵Ļ×ÔÓÉ¡±¡£²Î¼ûLoewith, Max Weber and Karl Marx ,54; Mommsen , The Political and Social Theory of Max Weber, 35.

[lix][59] ÔÚΤ²®Ö®ºó£¬µÂ¹úµÄÀúʷѧ½ç¶ÔÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâ½øÐÐÁËÑо¿£¬ÈçOtto Hintze£¬Gehard OestreichºÍShillingµÈ£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇSchilling¶ÔËùν¡°µÚ¶þ´Î×ڽ̸ĸµÄÑо¿£¬Ç¿µ÷Á˼ӶûÎḶ̌¨¼°Â·µÂ×ÚºÍÌìÖ÷½Ì£©ÓëÔçÆÚÏÖ´ú¹ú¼ÒµÄÐËÆðÖ®¼äµÄ¹ØÏµ£¬ÌرðÊǼÍÂÉ»¯·½ÃæµÄÖØÒª×÷Óᣲ»¹ýÔÚSchilling¿´À´£¬ÕâÓë¾­µäµÄΤ²®ÃüÌâÊÇÓÐ·ÖÆçµÄ¡£¶øÕýÈçÏÂÎÄÖð½¥½ÒʾµÄ£¬ÕâЩÀúÊ·Ñо¿µÄÉç»áÀíÂÛÒ⺭£¬¶ÔÓÚÎÒÃÇÕâÀïÓйء°Ó¢¹ú·¨¡±µÄÌÖÂÛÀ´Ëµ¾ßÓзdz£ÖØÒªÒâÒå¡£²Î¼ûHerz Schilling, ¡°The Second Reformation¡±, in Religion, Political Culture, and Early Modern Society (Leiden: E.J.Brill, 1992), 271-2.

[lx][60] Weber, Political Writings, 78£­9; ÀàËÆµÄ˵·¨²Î¼ûThe Methodology of the Social Sciences , 17; ¡°ÒÔѧÊõΪҵ¡±£¬ 39¡£

[lxi][61] ÕâÒ»µãÒÔÏ·¾çÐԵķ½Ê½³öÏÖÔÚΤ²®1920Äê×îºóÐÞ¶©µÄ¡¶Ð½ÌÂ×ÀíÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡·ÖС£ÔÚµÚ¶þÕµĽáβ£¬Î¤²®ÔÚÔ­Óеġ°ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ´Ó¸ù±¾²»Í¬µÄ»ù±¾¹Ûµã²¢ÔÚÍêÈ«²»Í¬µÄ·½ÏòÉÏʹÉú»îÀíÐÔ»¯¡±Ò»¶Î»°Ö®ºó¼ÓÉÏÁËÒ»¶Î»°£¬ÒÔ×÷Ç¿µ÷£º ¡°ËùÓÐÖÂÁ¦ÓÚ¡®ÀíÐÔ»¯¡¯µÄÑо¿¶¼Ó¦¸ÃÒÔÕâһƽʵµÄ¾ä×ÓΪ³ö·¢µã¡±£¬È»¶ø£¬ÏÂÃæ½ô½Ó×ŵÄÂÛÊö¾ÍÊÇ£¬¡°ÀíÐÔÖ÷ÒåÊÇÒ»¸öÀúÊ·µÄ¸ÅÄËü°üº¬×ÅÓÉ·´Ìâ¹¹³ÉµÄÒ»¸öÊÀ½ç¡±¡£Î¤²®£¬¡¶Ð½ÌÂ×ÀíÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡·£¬57£¬ÒëÎÄÓи͝¡£

[lxii][62] Weber, Political Writings, 42.

[lxiii][63] ²Î¼ûScaff, Fleeing the Iron Cage,29ff£¬ÌÖÂÛΤ²®´Ó·¨Ñ§×ªÏò¹úÃñ¾­¼ÃѧµÄÖØÒªÒâÒå¡£

[lxiv][64] ²Î¼ûʩ·ºÕÌØ¶ÔÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâµÄ·ÖÎö: Wolfgang Schluchter, ¡°Conviction and Responsibility¡±, in Paradox of Modernity: Culture and Conduct in the Theory of Max Weber(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996), 48-101.ÖÐÎÄÒëÎÄ£¬¼ûÀÒ룬¡°ÐÅÄîÓëÔðÈΡ±£¬ÔØÈë±¾ÆÚÔÓÖ¾¡£

[lxv][65] Τ²®£¬¡°Öм䷴˼¡±£¬312¡£

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[lxviii][68] ÀýÈ磬ÔÚ¡¶¾­¼ÃÓëÉç»á¡·ÖУ¬Î¤²®³ÆÂÞ²®Ë¹±Ó¶ûΪ¡°¶ÔÀíÐԵĿËÀï˹ÂêʽµÄ³ç°Ý¡±£¨charismatic glorification of ¡°Reason¡±£©, Economy and Society, 1209. ²Î¼ûMommsen , The Political and Social Theory of Max Weber, 141£¬¶ÔÕâÒ»±ä»¯µÄÌÖÂÛ¡£ÃÉÉ­Ç¡µ±µØÖ¸³ö£¬ÕâÒ»¸ÅÄîÖð½¥´ÓÌØ¶¨µÄÀúÊ·ÐԵġ°ÀíÏëÐÍ¡±·¢Õ¹ÎªÒ»ÖÖ´¿´âµÄ¡°ÀíÏëÐÍ¡±£¬²Î¼û The Political and Social Theory of Max Weber, 121£­32¡£²»¹ý£¬ÃÉÉ­ÓйØÎ¤²®¡°·½·¨ÂÛ¡±±ä»¯µÄÆäËûÂÛ¶Ï£¬¾ÍÏԵò»ÄÇôÓÐ˵·þÁ¦¡£ËûËÆºõ¸³ÓèÁËΤ²®±¾²»¾ßÓеġ°Ïà¶ÔÖ÷Ò塱ºÍ¡°ÀúÊ·Ö÷Ò塱µÄÇãÏò¡£

[lxix][69] Weber, Economy and Society, 1150.

[lxx][70] Wolfgang Mommsen, The Age of Bureaucracy (Oxford: Blackwell, 1974), 111ff.

[lxxi][71] Mommsen , The Political and Social Theory of Max Weber, 24ff.

[lxxii][72] Friedrich H. Tenbruck, ¡°Max Weber and Eduard Meyer¡±, in Wolfgang Mommsen and Jurgen Osterhammel ed. Max Weber and His Contemporaries (London: Unwin Hyman, 1987), 252.

[lxxiii][73] ´ÓÏÖ´ú¸£Àû¹ú¼ÒµÄ·¢Õ¹À´¿´£¬ÕâÁ½¸öÎÊÌâÊÇÁªÏµÔÚÒ»ÆðµÄ¡£

[lxxiv][74] Mommsen , The Political and Social Theory of Max Weber, 143.

[lxxv][75] Τ²®£¬¡°ÒÔÕþÖÎΪҵ¡±£¬98£¬ÒëÎÄÓи͝¡£

[lxxvi][76] ²Î¼ûPeter Baehr, ¡°Max Weber as a critic of Bismarck¡±, Arch europ. Sociol. 29(1988): 149-64.

[lxxvii][77] Weber, Political Writings, ¡°Bismarck¡¯s legacy¡±(¡°Parliament and Government in Germany under a New Political Order¡±), 135.

[lxxviii][78] Weber, Political Writings, 140.

[lxxix][79] Τ²®£¬¡¶Ãñ×å¹ú¼ÒÓë¾­¼ÃÕþ²ß¡·£¬¸ÊÑô±à£¬¸ÊÑôµÈÒ루±±¾©£ºÈýÁªÊéµê£¬1997£©£¬98ÒÔÏ£»ÒÔ¼°Weber, Political Writings, 135.

[lxxx][80] ÔÚ1884Äê11ÔÂ8ÈÕÖ±«Ä·¼ÓµÇµÄÐÅÖУ¬ÇàÄêΤ²®¾ÍÖ¸³ö£¬¡°ÙÂ˹ÂóµÄ¿­ÈöÖÆµÄÏÕ¶ñÌØÕ÷¾ÍÊÇÆÕÑ¡¡±£¬×ªÒý×ÔÑÅ˼ÅࣨÑÅ˹±´¶û˹£©£¬¡¶ÂÛΤ²®¡·£¬28£¬ÒëÎÄÂÔÓи͝¡£Î¤²®ÈÏΪ£¬ÕâÖÖËùνµÄ¡°ÆÕÑ¡¡±Êµ¼ÊÉÏÊÇ¡°ËùÓÐÈËµÄÆ½µÈȨÀû£¨¾ÍÕâ¸ö´ÊµÄÕæÕýÒ⺭¶øÑÔ£©µÄıɱÕß¡±¡£×ªÒý×ÔMarianne Weber, Max Weber: A Biography (New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1988), 117-8.

[lxxxi][81] Weber, Political Writings, 80-81,220ff£»²¢²Î¼ûPeter Baehr, ¡°Max Weber as a critic of Bismarck¡±µÄÌÖÂÛ¡£

[lxxxii][82] µ±È»Î¤²®Ò²ÈÏΪ£¬¿­ÈöÖÆÕâÖÖÒòËØÔÚ´óÖÚ¶¯Ô±µÄ¹ú¼Ò£¨mass state£©ºÍÒé»áÃñÖ÷ÖÐÊDZز»¿ÉÉÙµÄÒ»²¿·Ö£¬²Î¼ûWeber, Political Writings, 174.

[lxxxiii][83] Τ²®£¬¡¶Ãñ×å¹ú¼ÒÓë¾­¼ÃÕþ²ß¡·£¬90£­1£¬ÒëÎÄÓи͝¡£

[lxxxiv][84] Weber, Political Writings, 144, 145.

[lxxxv][85] Weber, Political Writings, 69.

[lxxxvi][86] Mommsen, The Political and Social Theory of Max Weber, 29.

[lxxxvii][87] Loewith, Max Weber and Karl Marx , 55£­6.

[lxxxviii][88] Τ²®£¬¡¶Ãñ×å¹ú¼ÒÓë¾­¼ÃÕþ²ß¡·£¬91ÒÔÏ¡£

[lxxxix][89] Mommsen, The Age of Bureaucracy, chap.5.

[xc][90] Τ²®£¬¡°Öм䷴˼¡±£¬321£­35£¬ÒëÎÄ´í¶ï½Ï¶à£¬ÐèÁôÒâ¡£

[xci][91] Weber, Political Writings,71.

[xcii][92] ¶Ô¿­ÈöÖÆÓëÃñ´âÖ÷Òå¹ÛÄîµÄÃñÖÚ¶¯Ô±µÄÌÖÂÛ£¬²Î¼ûΤ²®¶Ô¡°ÆÕ±é¹«ÃñȨ¡±ÎÊÌâµÄÌÖÂÛ£¬¼ûWeber, Political Writings, 80ff, 220ff

[xciii][93] Τ²®£¬¡¶ÊÀ½ç×ڽ̵ľ­¼ÃÂ×Àí¡·¡°µ¼ÂÛ¡±£¬18£¬ÖÐÎÄÎóÒëΪ¡°Æø¶È·Ç·²µÄÒÇ±í¡±¡£ [xciv][94] Talcott Parsons, Sociological Theory and Modern Society (New York: Free Press, 1967), 92.

[xcv][95] ²Î¼ûReinhard Bendix, Max Weber: an Intellectual Portrait (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977),µÚÈý²¿·ÖµÄÂÛÊö°²ÅÅ¡£

[xcvi][96] Anthony Kronman, Max Weber (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1983), 1.

[xcvii][97] Weber, Economy and Society, 652ff.

[xcviii][98] Ö®ËùÒÔÇ¿µ÷ÕâÒ»µã£¬ÊÇÒòΪÒÔÍù¶ÔΤ²®·¨ÂÉÉç»áѧµÄ̽ÌÖ£¬Ö÷Òª¹Ø×¢µÄÎÊÌ⼯ÖÐÔÚ·¨ÂÉÀíÐÔ»¯Óë¾­¼ÃÀíÐÔ»¯£¨»ò¾ßÌåÀ´Ëµ£¬×ʱ¾Ö÷ÒåµÄÐËÆð£©Ö®¼äµÄ¹ØÏµÉÏ£¬²¢½ø¶øÈÏΪΤ²®µÄ·¨ÂÉÉç»áѧ˼ÏëÖ÷񻃾¼°µÄÎÊÌâÊÇÓë˽·¨Ïà¹ØµÄÎÊÌ⣬ÈçÆõÔ¼×ÔÓÉ¡£ÕâÑù×öËÆºõÖ±½ÓºöÊÓÁËΤ²®·¨ÂÉÉç»áѧÓëÖ§ÅäÉç»áѧ֮¼äµÄ½ôÃܹØÁª£¬²»¹ý½üÀ´µÄÇé¿öÓÐËù¸Ä±ä£¬²Î¼ûStephen Feldman, "An interpretation of Max Weber's Theory of law" , in Law and Social Inquiry, Vol.16,No.2, (1991): 105-48; Toby E. Huff, "On Weber, Law, and Universalism" , Comparative Civilizations Review£¬ 1989, 21, fall,47-79.

[xcix][99] Τ²®£¬¡¶Ð½ÌÂ×ÀíÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡·£¬56£¬ÒëÎÄÓи͝¡£

[c][100] Weber, Economy and Society, 651.

[ci][101] Weber, Economy and Society, 681.

[cii][102] Weber, Economy and Society, 649ff, 691ff.

[ciii][103] Weber, Economy and Society, 654ff¡£ÕýÈçÎÒÃÇÏÂÃæ½«Òª¿´µ½µÄ£¬Î¤²®ÒÔ±ÈÄâ¿ÚÎÇÌáµ½µÄ¡°¾öÒÉÊõ¡±ÕýÊÇÓ¢¹úÆÕͨ·¨µÄÒ»¸öÖØÒª·¨ÂÉÍÆÀí¼¼Êõ¡£

[civ][104] Weber, Economy and Society, 784ff.

[cv][105] Weber, Economy and Society, 656£¬ÒÔ¼°809ÒÔÏÂÂÛ¡°ÐÎʽÀíÐÔ»¯¡±Ó롰ʵÖÊÀíÐÔ»¯¡±¡£

[cvi][106] ÀýÈçÎ§ÈÆÁî×´ÖÆ¶ÈÐγɵĸ÷ÖÖÐÎʽµÄ·¨ÂÉÄâÖÆ£¨legal fiction£©¼¼Êõ£¬²Î¼ûWeber, Economy and Society, 656ff.

[cvii][107] Weber, Economy and Society, 762.

[cviii][108] µ±È»£¬ÕâÀï¡°¿ËÀï˹ÂꡱµÄÒ⺭£¬Ö÷ÒªÊÇÎÒÃÇÌáµ½µÄ¡°´«Í³¡±»ò¡°Î×Êõ¡±ÒâÒåÉϵġ°¿ËÀï˹Âꡱ£¬ÓëºóÀ´Î¤²®Öð½¥·¢Õ¹µÄ¡°¿ËÀï˹Âꡱ¸ÅÄîµÄÒ⺭²»Í¬¡£

[cix][109] Weber, Economy and Society, 689£»²»¹ý£¬¶ÔÓÚÕâÒ»ÎÊÌ⣬Τ²®µÄÁ¢³¡Ò²Ï൱º¬ºý£¬ËûͬÑùÖ¸³ö£¬×÷ΪÏÖ´ú×ʱ¾Ö÷Òå·¨ÂÉÖÆ¶ÈÖ÷ÒªÌØÕ÷µÄһЩ¼¼Êõ£¬²¢·ÇÆðÔ´ÓÚÂÞÂí·¨£¬¶øÊÇÀ´×ÔÖÐÊÀ¼Í£ºWeber, Political Writings, 149.n.a.

[cx][110] Òò´Ë£¬ÖÁÉÙ´ÓΤ²®µÄ·ÖÎö³ö·¢£¬Ó¢¹úÆÕͨ·¨£¬²»½ö²»ÊÇʵ֤Ö÷ÒåÒâÒåÉϵÄÐÎʽ»¯µÄ·¨ÂÉ£¬Ò²Í¬Ñù²¢·ÇÊÇÔÚÔ­ÔòÉϾßÓнϸßÀíÐÔµÄʵÖÊ·¨£¬ÕâÒ»µãÓëFletcherÆÄÓÐÓ°ÏìµÄÂÛµãÕýºÃÏà·´£¬¾¡¹ÜFletcherÊDzÉÓöàÉÙÓÐЩ²»Í¬µÄÊõÓïÀ´ÂÛÊöµÄ¡£²Î¼ûGeorge P. Fletcher, ¡°Two Modes of Legal Thought¡±, The Yale Law Journal, 90: 970-1003.

[cxi][111] ¡°¿¨µÏ˾·¨¡±ÊÇÖ¸Åоö°¸¼þʱÒÀ¾ÝµÄ²»ÊÇÀíÐԵġ°Åоö¹æÔò¡±£¬¶øÊǶԸö±ð°¸¼þµÄ¾ßÌå¼ÛÖµÆÀÅУ¬È¡¾öÓÚ·¨¹ÙµÄ¹«Õý¸Ð£¬»òÕ߯äËü·ÇÀíÐÔµÄÉóÅÐÊֶΡ£ÔÚΤ²®¿´À´£¬ÅãÉóÍÅ¡¢Ì«Æ½ÉðÊ¿²ÎÓëµØ·½Ë¾·¨¹ÜÀí£¬ÄËÖÁÓ¢¹ú·¨¶ÔÂÞÂí·¨¼ÌÊܵĿ¹¾Ü£¬¶¼ÊÇÓ¢¹ú·¨ÖС°¿¨µÏ˾·¨¡±ºÛ¼£µÄÌåÏÖ¡£²Î¼ûWeber, Economy and Society,976ff, 891-2; Politcail Writings, 148¡£ÖµµÃ×¢ÒâµÄÊÇ£¬Ó¢ÒëÕßÔÚp.806n.40Öжԡ°¿¨µÏ˾·¨¡±Ëù×öµÄ½ç¶¨²¢²»×¼È·¡£¼´Ê¹´ÓʵÖÊÀíÐÔ·¨µÄ½Ç¶È¿´£¬¡°¿¨µÏ˾·¨¡±Ò²ÊÇÀíÐÔ»¯³Ì¶È½ÏµÍµÄ·¨ÂɹÜÀíÐÎʽ¡£

[cxii][112] Ñо¿Ó¢¹ú·¨ÂÉÊ·µÄ±ÈÀûʱѧÕßCaenegemÈÏΪ£¬ÔÚΤ²®µÄÀíÂÛÖУ¬ÆÕͨ·¨¾ßÓÐÁ½¸±Ãæ¿×£¨double face£©£¬¶ÔÖÐÉϽײã²ÉÓÃÐÎʽÀíÐԵķ¨ÂÉ£¬¶ø¶ÔÈÕ³£Éú»îÖÐϲãµÄСÐͰ¸¼þ£¬Ôò²ÉÈ¡¡°¿¨µÏ˾·¨¡±µÄÐÎʽ¡£ÕâÒ»¹ÛµãËÆºõûÓп´µ½£¬ÔÚΤ²®µÄÀíÂÛÖУ¬Ó¢¹ú·¨µÄÐÎʽÀíÐÔ£¬²¢·Ç´ó½·¨ÏµµÄÐÎʽÀíÐÔ£¬¶ø½ö½öÊÇÍâÔÚµÄÐÎʽÖ÷Ò壬¶øÕâÖÖÀíÐÔ»¯³Ì¶È½ÏµÍµÄÐÎʽÖ÷Ò壬ÓëÓ¢¹ú·¨ÔÚ¡°ÊµÖÊ¡±ÒâÒåÉϵķÇÀíÐÔ£¨¼´¿¨µÏ˾·¨£©ÊÇÓÐÄÚÔÚ¹ØÁªµÄ£¬Á½Õß¶¼ÓëÓ¢¹ú·¨ÂÉ˼ά·½Ê½Êܵ½ÆÕͨÈ˵ÄÇ¿ÁÒÓ°ÏìÓйأ¬Óë´ó½·¨ÏµµÄ¡°½ÌÊÚ·¨¡±ÐγÉÁËÏÊÃ÷µÄ¶ÔÁ¢£¬²Î¼ûWeber, Economy and Society, 890£­2£»R. C. Van Caenegem, ¡°Max Weber: Historian and Sociologist¡±, in Legal History: A European Perspective (London: Hambledon, 1991), 212.

[cxiii][113] ÕýÈçTrubekËùÖ¸³öµÄ£¬ÔÚÕâ¸öÎÊÌâÉÏ£¬Î¤²®Í¬ÑùÒ²ÓïÑɲ»Ï꣬ÓÐÖî¶àÏ໥ì¶ÜµÄ˵·¨¡£µ«×ܵÄÀ´Ëµ£¬Î¤²®µÄ¹ÛµãÈÔÊÇÇ¿µ÷Ó¢¹ú·¨¾¡¹Ü²»ÊÇÂß¼­ÐÎʽÀíÐԵķ¨ÂÉ£¬µ«È´ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ¼ÆËãµÄ¡£ÕâÒ»ÂÛ¶ÏÔÚ½ÏÍíд¾þµÄ¡¶Èå½ÌÓëµÀ½Ì¡·ÔڱȽÏÖйúÓëÓ¢¹úµÄ·¨ÂɽṹµÄ¶ÎÂäÖÐÌØ±ðÃ÷ÏÔ£¬²Î¼ûΤ²®£¬¡¶Èå½ÌÓëµÀ½Ì¡·£¬156£­57£»David Trubek£¬¡°Max Weber on Law and the rise of Capitalism¡± , Wisconsin Law Review, 1972, 721-53.

[cxiv][114] Á½Î»Ñ§Õß½øÐеıȽÏÕþÖÎÑо¿Ö¸³ö£¬ÔÚ·¢Õ¹ÖÐÊÀ½çµÄÃñÖ÷¹ú¼ÒÖУ¬52£¥µÄ¹ú¼ÒҪô²ÉÄÉÆÕͨ·¨µÄ´«Í³£¬ÒªÃ´Êܵ½ÕâÒ»´«Í³µÄÓ°Ïì¡£¶ø¾ßÓбȽϳ־ÃÃñÖ÷¾­ÑéµÄ¹ú¼ÒÍùÍùÊÇǰӢ¹úµÄÖ³ÃñµØ¡£¼ûHuff, "On Weber, Law, and Universalism" , 70.

[cxv][115] Zweckrationalit¨¡tÔÚÓ¢ÓïÎÄÏ×ÖÐÒ»Ö±±»½»´íÒëΪ¡°¹¤¾ßÀíÐÔ¡±£¨instrumental rationality£©»ò¡°ºÏÄ¿µÄµÄÀíÐÔ¡±£¨purposive rationality£©¡£´Óº­Òå¿´£¬Ç°ÕßÏÔÈ»ÓÐÑÏÖØµÄÎÊÌ⣬¶øºóÕßÔò¸ü׼ȷ£¬µ«ÖÐÎĵıí´ïÔò²»ÃâÀÛ׸£¬±¾Îij¢ÊÔÒëΪ¡°Ä¿±êÀíÐÔ¡±£¬¶øÇÒ´ÓÖÐÎĵÄÒ»°ãÓ÷¨À´¿´£¬¡°Ä¿±ê¡±Ò²±È¡°Ä¿µÄ¡±¸üºÃµØ±í´ïÁËΤ²®ÕâÒ»¸ÅÄîÓë¡°¼ÛÖµÀíÐÔ¡±Ïà¶ÔµÄÒ⺭¡£

[cxvi][116] ÀýÈçAnn Swindler, ¡°The Concept of Rationality in the work of Max Weber¡±, Sociological Inquiry, Vol. 43, No.1(1973):35-42.

[cxvii][117] ÀýÈçArnold Eisen, ¡°The Meanings and confusions of Weberian ¡®rationality¡¯¡±, British Journal of Sociology, Vol.29, No.1(1978), 57-70.

[cxviii][118] EisenÈÏΪ¹¹³É¡°ÀíÐÔ¡±¸ÅÄîµÄÒâÏî°üÀ¨6ÖÖ£¬¶øBrubakerÔòÈÏΪΤ²®±Êϵġ°ÀíÐÔ¡± ÖÁÉÙ¿ÉÒÔ·¢ÏÖÓÐ16ÖÖÒ⺭£¬KronmanÔò½öÔÚΤ²®µÄ·¨ÂÉÉç»áѧ²¿·Ö¾ÍÕÒµ½ÁË¡°ÀíÐÔ¡±µÄ4ÖÖÒ⺭£¬·Ö±ð¼ûEisen, ¡°The Meanings and confusions of Weberian ¡®rationality¡¯£¬58£­61£»Rogers Brubaker, The Limits of Rationality (London: Routledge, 1984), 2; Kronman, Max Weber, 73-5¡£¶øÎ¤²®±¾ÈËÇå³þµØÈÏʶµ½¡°ÀíÐÔ¡±¸ÅÄîµÄÕâÒ»ÌØµã¡£ÔÚ»ØÓ¦²¼Â×Ëþŵ¶Ô¡¶Ð½ÌÂ×ÀíÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡·µÄÅúÆÀʱ£¬Ëû¾ÍÌØ±ðÇ¿µ÷ÁËÀíÐԵĸ´ÔÓÐÔ£¬Ö¸³ö¡°Èç¹û˵±¾ÆªÎÄÕ»¹ÓÐÒ»µãÕæÖª×Æ¼û£¬µ«Ô¸ÕâµãÕæÖª×Æ¼ûÄÜÓÃÀ´ËµÃ÷¿´ËƼòµ¥µÄ¡®ÀíÐÔ¡¯ÕâÒ»¸ÅÄîµÄ¸´ÔÓÐÔ¡±¡£ ¡¶Ð½ÌÂ×ÀíÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡·µÚ156£­7Ò³×¢9¡£µ«ÓбØÒªÇ¿µ÷µÄÊÇ£¬Î¤²®Ê¼ÖÕÈÔÈÏΪ£¬¿ÉÒÔ¶øÇÒÓбØÒªÊ¹Óá°ÀíÐÔ¡±ÕâÒ»¸ö¸ÅÄîÀ´±íÊöÕâЩ¸´ÔÓÐÔ¡£ÕâÒ»µãͬÑùÔÚ¡¶Ð½ÌÂ×Àí¡·ÖÐÓÐËùÂÛ¼°¡£Î¤²®Ö¸³ö£¬¡°ÀíÐÔÖ÷ÒåÊÇÒ»¸öÀúÊ·¸ÅÄÊÇÒ»¸öÓɸ÷ÖÖ·´Ìâ×é³ÉµÄÒ»¸öÍêÕûµÄÊÀ½ç¡±£¨µÚ57Ò³£¬ÒëÎÄÓи͝£©¡£ÕýÈçÎÒÃÇÔÚµÚÒ»²¿·ÖÒѾ­Ç¿µ÷µÄÄÇÑù£¬Àí½âΤ²®µÄ¡°ÀíÐÔ¡±¸ÅÄÒÔ¼°Î¤²®µÄÕû¸öÉç»áÀíÂÛ£©£¬¾Í±ØÐëÈÏʶµ½£¬Î¤²®Ò»·½Ã濼ÂÇÁË¡°ÀíÐÔ¡±¸ÅÄîÊǸ´ÔÓ¶àÔªµÄ£¬²¢´òÉÏÁ˾ßÓÐżȻÐԺͶÀÌØÐÔµÄÀúÊ·½ø³ÌµÄÀÓÓ¡£¬µ«ÁíÒ»·½Ãæ¡°ÀíÐÔ¡±Ç¡Ç¡ÊÇͨ¹ý½«ÕâÖÖÀíÄîÓëÀúÊ·Á½¸ö·½ÃæµÄ¸´ÔÓÐÔ½áºÏΪһ¸ö¸»ÓÐÕÅÁ¦Óë³åÍ»µÄ¡°ÀíÏëÀàÐÍ¡±£¬½ÒʾÁËÆäÖС°ÆÕ±éÀúÊ·¡±µÄÒâÒåÓëÓÐЧÐÔ£¬ÕâÕýÊÇÎ÷·½¡°ÀíÐÔ¡±µÄÌØÊâ·ÖÎö¼ÛÖµ£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇΤ²®ÎªÊ²Ã´Ëµ£¬¶Ô×ڽ̵ıȽÏÀúÊ··ÖÎöµÄ³¢ÊÔ£¬¡°×îÖÕºÍÊ×Ïȶ¼±ØÐëºÍÔ¸ÒâÓг¯Ò»ÈÕͬʱ³ÉΪ¶ÔÀíÐÔÖ÷Òå±¾ÉíµÄÀàÐÍѧºÍÉç»áѧµÄÒ»ÖÖ¹±Ïס±£¨¡°Öм䷴˼¡±£¬303£©¡£ÕâÒ»µãÊÇÀí½âΤ²®Ë¼ÏëµÄ»îÁ¦ºÍ´´¼ûµÄ¹Ø¼üÏßË÷£¬¶øÐí¶àѧÕßÈ´ÓÐÒâÎÞÒâµØÎÞÊÓÁËÕâÒ»µã¡£

[cxix][119] Gret Mueller, ¡°The Notion of rationality in the work of Max Weber¡±, Arch.europ.sociol , Vol.20(1979)£¬149.

[cxx][120] ÓйØÕâÁ½ÖÖÉç»á¹ØÏµµÄÂÛÊö£¬²Î¼ûWeber, Economy and Society, 40ff¡£ÔÚÓ¢ÎİæÖУ¬·Ö±ð½«ÕâÁ½¸ö¸ÅÄîÒëΪ¡°communal¡±ºÍ¡°associative¡±¡£ÕâÀïµÄÖÐÎÄÒë·¨Ö»ÊÇΪÁ˱£ÁôÔ­ÎÄÖÐÓëÌÚÄá˹¸ÅÄîµÄ¹ØÁª£¬²»¹ýΤ²®Ã÷È·Ö¸³öËûµÄÓ÷¨ÓëÌÚÄá˹ÓÐËù²»Í¬¡£Weber, Economy and Society, 41.

[cxxi][121] ÐèÒªÖ¸³öµÄÊÇ£¬´ÓijÖÖÒâÒåÉϽ²£¬Î¤²®ÐÄÄ¿ÖеÄÂ×ÀíÀíÐÔ»¯£¬±¾ÉíǡǡÊÇÔÚ·Ö»¯Éç»áÖвÅÓпÉÄÜ¡£ÕâÓëÐí¶à´ÓÀËÂþÖ÷ÒåºÍ±£ÊØÖ÷Òå³ö·¢Àí½âÂ×ÀíÎÊÌâµÄѧÕߣ¬ÔÚÉç»á¹ÛÄîÉÏÓо޴óµÄ²îÒ죬²»¹ý±¾ÎIJ»¿ÉÄÜÌÖÂÛÕâÒ»¸´ÔÓµÄÎÊÌ⣬ҲÐíÒªÁô´ýÁíһƪÓйء°Ä°ÉúÈË¡±ÎÊÌâµÄÎÄÕÂÀ´ÌÖÂÛÁË¡£

[cxxii][122] Mueller, ¡°The Notion of rationality in the work of Max Weber¡±£¬150ff.

[cxxiii][123] ÖµµÃ×¢ÒâµÄÊÇ£¬Ðí¶àѧÕßÍùÍù½ö×¢Òâµ½¼ÛÖµÀíÐÔÖ®¼äµÄ³åÍ»£¬ÒÔ¼°¼ÛÖµÀíÐÔÓëÄ¿±êÀíÐÔÖ®¼äµÄ³åÍ»¡£Ç°ÕßÊÇΤ²®Õë¶ÔÏÖ´úÉç»áµÄÎÄ»¯ÓëÕþÖεÄÖØÒªÕï¶Ï£¬ÔÚµ±´úÊܵ½ÁËÏà¹ØÁìÓòѧÕßÔ½À´Ô½¶àµÄ¹Ø×¢£¬¶øºóÕßÔÚ¾­¼ÃÁìÓòÖÐÓйØÐ§ÂÊÓë·ÖÅäÕýÒå¼°¡°Éç»áÖ÷Ò塱µÄÕùÂÛÖÐÒ»ÔÙ±»Ìá¼°¡£µ«²»Í¬Ä¿±êÀíÐÔÖ®¼äµÄ³åÍ»ÔòÊܵ½Á˹㷺µÄºöÊÓ£¬ÔÚ¡°ÂÛ³éÏóÉç»á¡±ÖУ¬ÎÒ´ÓÒ»¸ö²»Í¬µÄ½Ç¶ÈÂÛ¼°ÁËÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâ¡£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬ÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâÔÚΤ²®µÄÕþÖÎÂÛÎÄÖÐÊÇÒ»¸ö³£¼ûµÄÖ÷Ìâ£¬ÌØ±ðÊǿƲãÖÆÓëÆäËüÀíÐԵص÷¿ØÉú»îÐÐΪµÄ·½Ê½£¨Èç˽ÈË×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò壩֮¼äʼÖÕ´æÔڵĽôÕŹØÏµ£¬ÀýÈçWeber, Political Writings, 90, 156ff.

[cxxiv][124] ÕâÊǽ«Õâ¶Ô·¶³ëÓëÄ¿±êÀíÐÔ/¼ÛÖµÀíÐÔ¶ÔÁ¢»ìÏýÆðÀ´µÄÒ»¸ö±íÏÖ£¬ÀýÈçBrubaker, The Limits of Rationality, 36.

[cxxv][125] Weber, Economy and Society, 85-6¡£¾­¼ÃÉç»áѧÖÐÓë·¨ÂÉÉç»áѧÖеÄÐÎʽÀíÐÔ/ʵÖÊÀíÐÔÇø·ÖÖ®¼äµÄ¹ØÁªÔÚΤ²®Óйط¨ÂÉ¶ÔÆõÔ¼×ÔÓɵı£ÕϺÍÏÞÖÆµÄÌÖÂÛÖУ¬ÓбȽÏÇå³þµÄÂÛÊö£¬²Î¼ûWeber, Economy and Society, 668-81.

[cxxvi][126] µ±È»»¹Éæ¼°ÁËËùν¡°ÊÀϮ˾·¨Öƶȡ±£¨the patriarchal system of justice£©£¬²Î¼ûKronman, Max Weber, 77ff.

[cxxvii][127] Weber, Economy and Society, 816.

[cxxviii][128] Weber, Economy and Society, 828.

[cxxix][129] Τ²®Ã»ÓÐÃ÷È·Ìáµ½ÕâÒ»µã£¬´ó¸ÅÊÇÒòΪËûÔÚ´Ë´¦Ö÷Òª¹Ø×¢µÄÊÇÉñÊ¥·¨ÓëÊÀË×·¨£¨ÓÈÆäÊÇ˽·¨£©Ö®¼äµÄ¹ØÏµ¡£Weber, Economy and Society, 828-31.

[cxxx][130] ²®¶ûÂü£¬¡¶·¨ÂÉÓë¸ïÃü¡·£¬ºØÎÀ·½µÈÒ루±±¾©£ºÖйú´ó°Ù¿ÆÈ«Êé³ö°æÉ磬1993£©£¬µÚÒ»²¿µÚ¶þÕ¡£

[cxxxi][131] ͬÉÏÊ飬µÚ34Ò³¡£

[cxxxii][132] Shilling, ¡°The Second Reformation¡±.

[cxxxiii][133] Brian Tierney, Religion, Law and the Growth of Constitutional Thought:1150-1650 (London: Cambridge, 1982)£¬ÒýÎļû107£­8¡£

[cxxxiv][134] ²®¶ûÂüÒ»ÔÙÇ¿µ÷£¬ÔÚ¡°½Ì»á¸ïÃü¡±Íƶ¯ÏÂÐγɵĽ̻ᷨÊǵÚÒ»¸öÎ÷·½½ü´ú·¨ÂÉÌåϵ£¬ÊµÏÖÁ˽̻ᷨÄÚ²¿µÄϵͳ»¯£¬²¢½«ÀíÐÔÓ¦ÓÃÓÚ¸÷ÖÖϰ¹ß·¨£¬·Ï³ý´óÁ¿²»ºÏÀíµÄϰ¹ß£¬½«ºÏÀíµÄϰ¹ßÄÉÈë·¨ÂÉÌåϵÖУ¬Í¬Ê±»¹´´ÓÃÁË´óÁ¿ÖÁ½ñÈÔÔÚʹÓõķ¨ÂɸÅÄî¡¢·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíµÈÖî¶à¼¼Êõ¡£¡¶·¨ÂÉÓë¸ïÃü¡·£¬629£­34¡£ÕâÓëΤ²®¶Ô½Ì»á·¨·¢´ïµÄÐÎʽ¼¼Êõ³Ì¶ÈµÄÂÛÊöÊÇÒ»Öµġ£¾¡¹Ü²®¶ûÂü×Ô¼ºÅúÆÀÁËΤ²®µÄ¹Ûµã£¬µ«ËƺõËûµÄÅúÆÀÖ÷ÒªÊǽ¨Á¢ÔÚ¶ÔΤ²®Öø×÷³£¼ûµÄÎó½âÖ®Éϵģ¬ÕýÈ·µÄ¼ý²¢Ã»ÓÐÉäµ½ÕýÈ·µÄ°Ð×ÓÉÏ¡£ÀýÈ磬Ëû¾Í½«Î¤²®±ÊÏÂÁ½Ìײ»Í¬µÄÀíÐÔ·¶³ë»®·Ö»ìÏýÆðÀ´£¬¡¶·¨ÂÉÓë¸ïÃü¡·£¬653£­4¡£TreiberÔø×«Ð´³¤ÆªÂÛÎÄ£¬Ö¤Ã÷ÔÚΤ²®µÄ×Ú½ÌÉç»áѧÓë·¨ÂÉÉç»áѧ֮¼ä´æÔÚ¡°Ç׺ÏÁ¦¡±£¬µ«¿ÉϧֻÊÇÂú×ãÓÚ·ÖÎö½á¹¹ÉϵĶÔÕÕ£¬¶øÃ»ÓиüÉîµØ´ÓºËÐÄÎÊÌâµÄ½Ç¶ÈÀ´×ÅÑÛ¡£²Î¼ûHubert Treiber, " ¡®Elective Affinities' between Weber's Sociology of Religion and Sociology of Law", Theory and Society, Vol.14 (1985), 809-61.

[cxxxv][135] ºÉÀ¼·¨Ñ§¼ÒÂÞ˹ÈÏΪ£¬Î¤²®µÄ·¨ÂÉʵ֤Ö÷ÒåÃ÷ÏÔµØÒÔ¸ÅÄѧΪ»ù´¡¡£Óйص¹ú·¨Ñ§Ë¼ÏëµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬ÌرðÊǸÅÄѧ¶ÔΤ²®µÄÓ°Ï죬²Î¼ûÁÖ¶Ë£¬¡°µÂ¹úÀúÊ··¨Ñ§ÅÉ£º¼æÂÛÆäÓë·¨ÂÉÐÅʵÂÛ¡¢·¨ÂÉÊ·ºÍ·¨ÂÉÉç»áѧµÄ¹ØÏµ¡±£¬¡¶Ì¨´ó·¨ÂÉÂÛ´Ô¡·£¬µÚ22¾í£¬µÚ2ÆÚ£¬ÌرðÊÇ29Ò³¡£

[cxxxvi][136] ¼ÓÌÙÒ»ÀÉ£¬¡°Ãñ·¨µÄ½âÊÍÓëÀûÒæµÄºâÁ¿¡±£¬ÁºåçÐÇÒ룬ÊÕÈëÁºåçÐÇÖ÷±à¡¶ÃñÉÌ·¨ÂÛ´Ô¡·£¬µÚ2¾í£¬75¡£

[cxxxvii][137] Weber, Economy and Society, 873.

[cxxxviii][138] Weber, Economy and Society, 867.

[cxxxix][139] Weber, Economy and Society,37.

[cxl][140] ÓйØÎ¤²®·¨ÂÉ·ÖÎöÖеÄʵ֤Ö÷ÒåÓë×ÔÈ»·¨ÀíÂÛÖ®¼äµÄ¹ØÏµ£¬²Î¼ûJ.M. Finnis, ¡°On Positivism and ¡®Legal Rational Rationality¡¯¡±, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies Vol.5, No.1 (1985), 74-90.

[cxli][141] Kronman, Max Weber, 30.

[cxlii][142] ÀýÈçRoger Cotterell, ¡°Legality and Political Legitimacy in the Sociology of Max Weber¡±, in David Sugarman ed. Legality, Ideology and the State(London: Academic Press, 1983), 88.

[cxliii][143] ¶þÕßÖ®¼äµÄÕâÒ»ÁªÏµÔÚΤ²®ÍíÄêÓйØÊÀ½ç¾­¼ÃͨʷµÄ½²¿Î¼Ç¼ÖÐÌåÏÖµÃÊ®·ÖÇå³þ£¬²Î¼ûά±´¶û£¨Î¤²®£©£¬¡¶ÊÀ½ç¾­¼Ãͨʷ¡·£¬Ò¦ÔøðõÒ루ÉϺ££ºÉϺ£ÒëÎijö°æÉ磬1980£©£¬287£­91¡£

[cxliv][144] Leonard Krieger, The German Idea of Freedom(Chicago£ºThe University of Chicago Press, 1957) , 253.

[cxlv][145] ²Î¼ûNeumann, The Rule of Law (Leamington Spa: Berg, 1986), 200ff.¶ÔµÂ¹úÏÜÕþÊ·µÄÂÛÊö¡£

[cxlvi][146] Krieger, The German Idea of Freedom, 253£­5.

[cxlvii][147] Leonard Krieger, The German Idea of Freedom, 257¡£´Ó±íÃæÉÏ¿´£¬ÕâÖÖ¹ÛÄîÆÄ¾ß¿µµÂÉ«²Ê¡£¶øÇÒ¡°·¨Öιú¡±µÄÐí¶à¹ÛÄîÒ²ËÆºõÓëµÂ¹ú¾­µä×ÔÓÉÖ÷ÒåÕߵĹÛÄîÓй²Í¨Ö®´¦£¬Ç¿µ÷¹ú¼Ò»ùÓÚÒ»°ã·¨ÂÉÀ´½øÐÐÖ§Å䣬²¢²»¸ÊÓÚ´Ë£¬Ï£ÍûÔÚ·ñ¶¨µÄ¹¦ÄÜÖ®Í⣬¹ú¼Ò»¹ÊÇÒ»¸öÎÄ»¯¹ú¼Ò£¬¼ç¸º½ÌÑøµÄÖ°Ôð¡£µ«¼´Ê¹Èç´Ë£¬¶þÕßÈÔÈ»ÓÐÐí¶à¹Ø¼üÐԵIJîÒì¡£ÔÚ¿µµÂºÍºé±¤Ê±´ú£¬¹ú¼ÒÓë¸öÈËÂ×Àí£¨¼°ÊÐÃñÉç»á£©Ö®¼äµÄ¶ÔÁ¢£­ÖÆÔ¼¹ØÏµ£¬×ÔºÚ¸ñ¶ûµÄ¡°Â×Àí¹ú¼Ò¡±Ö®ºó£¬¾­¹ýÀËÂþÖ÷ÒåµÄÏ´Àñ£¬¾ÍÖð½¥ÎªÒ»ÖÖ×ÜÌ廯µÄÏ໥ÒÀÀµºÍÏà»¥ÉøÍ¸µÄ¹ØÏµËùÈ¡´úÁË¡£²Î¼ûGerald Izenberg, Impossible Individuality: Romanticism, Revolution and the Origin of Modern Selfhood, 1787-1802 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), 5-6ÌÖÂÛÁ˴Ӻ鱤µ½ÀËÂþÖ÷ÒåµÄ¡°¹ú¼Ò£­¸öÈË¡±¹ØÏµµÄ¹ÛÄîµÄ±ä»¯¡£

[cxlviii][148] ÕâÒ»¹ÛÄîÖ¤Ã÷£¬¡°·¨Öιú¡±¹é¸ù½áµ×ÊôÓÚ»ô²¼Ë¹Ê±´úµÄ²úÎÓйØÊµ¶¨·¨ÊµÏÖ×ÔÈ»·¨µÄÂÛÊö£¬²Î¼û»ô²¼Ë¹£¬¡¶Àûά̹¡·£¬Àè˼¸´¡¢ÀèÍ¢åöÒ루±±¾©£ºÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý£¬1995£©£¬207£­8¡£ ¹þ±´Âí˹ÉõÖÁÅúÆÀΤ²®Ã»Óиü³ä·ÖµØ¿¼ÂǶþÕßÖ®¼äµÄ¹ØÁª£¬²Î¼ûJurgen Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action, Vol.1 (London: Polity, 1986), 260ff.

[cxlix][149] F. K.Ringer, The Decline of the German Mandarins: The German Academic Community, 1890-1933 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969) , 114£¬×ªÒý×ÔCotterell, ¡°Legality and Political Legitimacy in the Sociology of Max Weber¡±, 89 n.4¡£ÔÚÕâÒ»¹ý³ÌÖУ¬µÂ¹úÀËÂþÅɵÄ˼ÏëÎÞÒÉ·¢»ÓÁ˷dz£ÖØÒªµÄ×÷Óã¬Ëüͨ¹ý¡°¾ø¶Ô×ÜÌ塱Éú²ú¡°ÌØÊ⻯¸öÌ塱µÄ¹ÛÄ¶Ô¡°·¨Öιú¡±Öйú¼ÒÓë¸öÈË×ÔÓÉÖ®¼äµÄ¹ØÏµ£¬²úÉúÁ˷dz£ÖØÒªµÄÓ°Ïì¡£²Î¼ûErnst Troeltsch, ¡°The ideas of Natural Law and Humanity in World Politics¡±, in Otto Gierke, Natural Law and the Theory of Society: 1500-1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1934), ¡°Appendices¡±, 201-22; Izenberg, Impossible Individuality¡£ÓйØ×ÔÈ»·¨Óë·¨Öιú¹ÛÄîµÄÄÚÔÚÁªÏµ£¬²Î¼ûOtto Gierke, Natural Law and the Theory of Society: 1500-1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1934), 137-8.

[cl][150] Otto Kirchheimer, ¡°The Rechtsstaat as Magic Wall¡±, in Kurt H. Wolff and Barrington Moore.ed. The Critical spirit: Essays in honor of Herbert Marcuse(Boston: Beacon Press, 1967).288¡£µÂ¹ú·¨Ñ§Ë¼ÏëÖйú¼ÒµÄÖØÒªÐÔ£¬ÔÚ¶ÔΤ²®Ó°ÏìºÜ´óµÄÒ®ÁÖµÄÒ»¾ä»°ÖÐÌåÏֵ÷dz£Ã÷ÏÔ£¬¡°ÎÞÒÉÏÖ´ú·¨ÕÜѧÓëÔçÏȵÄ×ÔÈ»·¨Ïà±ÈµÄ¾Þ´ó½ø²½£¬¾ÍÔÚÓÚËû³ÐÈϺÍÇ¿ÁÒµØÇ¿µ÷·¨ÂÉÒÀÀµÓÚ¹ú¼Ò¡±£¬ תÒý×ÔCharles Haines, The Revival of Natural Law Concepts (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1930), 247.

[cli][151] Weber, Economy and Society, 600.

[clii][152] Reinhart KoselleckÓ²Î¼ûJonathan Sperber, ¡°State and Civil Society in Prussia: Thoughts on a New Edtion of Reinhard Kossellck¡¯s Preussen Zwishcen Reform und Revolution¡±, Journal of Modern History, Vol.57, No.2(1985), 279µÄÌÖÂÛ¡£

[cliii][153] Weber, , Political Writings, 80£­1¡£Ðí¶à½üÀ´µÄΤ²®Ñо¿Öø×÷¶¼ÌÖÂÛÁËΤ²®¶Ô¡°ÊÐÃñ¸öÐÔµÄ˥΢¡±ÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâµÄ¹Ø×¢£¬ÀýÈçGoldman, Max Weber and Thomas Mann, 15.

[cliv][154] תÒý×ÔNeumann, The Rule of Law, 180.

[clv][155] ×ÔÓÉÅÉ·¨Ñ§½ÌÊÚKarl Theodor WelckerÓתÒý×ÔKrieger, The German Idea of Freedom, 255, 256.

[clvi][156] Neumann, The Rule of Law, 182.

[clvii][157] ÔÚκÂêµÂ¹ú£¬¶ÔÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâµÄ·´Ê¡£¬³ÉΪ×óÅÉÓëÓÒÅÉ֪ʶ·Ö×ÓµÄÒ»¸öÕùÂ۵Ľ¹µã£¬²Î¼ûDavid Dyzenhaus, Legality and Legitimacy: Carl Schmidt, Hans Kelsen, and Herman Heller in Weimar (London: Clarendon, 1997)¡£¹þ±´Âí˹ÔòÈÏΪ£¬Î¤²®µÄʵ֤Ö÷Òå·¨Âɹۣ¬Ê¹ËûÍêÈ«½«ºÏ·¨ÐÔÓë·¨ÀíÐÔµÈͬÆðÀ´¡£µ«ÓбØÒªÖ¸³öµÄÊÇ£¬¹þ±´Âí˹µÄÅúÆÀËÆºõûÓÐ×¢Òâʵ֤Ö÷ÒåµÄ¹ÛÄîÓë³ÌÐòµÄ¹ÛÄîÖ®¼ä²¢²»Äܼòµ¥µØ»®ÉϵȺţ¬ÏÔÈ»ÔÚËû90Äê´úµÄÖø×÷ÖУ¬ÕâÒ»¹ÛµãÒѾ­ÓÐËù¸Ä±ä¡£Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action, Vol.1 , 264-7.

[clviii][158] Otto Kirchheimer, ¡°Legality and Legitimacy¡±, in William E. Scheuerman ed. The Rule of Law Under Siege: Selected Essays of Franz Neumann and Otto Kirchheimer (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), 44-63; Weber, Political Writings, 165ff.

[clix][159] KriegerºÍNeumann¶¼Ìá¼°ÕâÒ»µã¡£²»¹ý£¬KriegerÖ»ÊǼòµ¥µØÌá¼°ÁËÕâÒ»ÎÊÌ⣬¶ø¾¡¹ÜŦÂü½«Ö®ÊÓΪӢµÂ·¨ÖÎÔ­Ôò²îÒìµÄ¹Ø¼ü£¬µ«ÔÚÎÒ¿´À´£¬ËûµÄÂÛÊö´æÔÚÑÏÖØµÄÎÊÌ⣬ËùÒÔÏÂÃæµÄÂÛÊö²¢Ã»ÓÐ×ñÑ­ËûÃǵÄ˼·¡£ÊÔ¶Ô±ÈKrieger, The German Idea of Freedom, 256£»Neumann, ¡°The Change in the function of Law in Modern Society¡±, in The Democratic and the Authoritarian State: Essays in Political and Legal Theory ,ed. by Herbert Marcuse (New York: The Free Press, 1957), 43ff¡£´ÓÏÂÎĵÚËIJ¿·ÖÓйØÓ¢¹ú¡°ÆÕͨ·¨ÐÄÖÇ¡±µÄÂÛÊö£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ·¢ÏÖ£¬ÕâÖÖת»¯¾ßÓÐÄÚÔڵĻù´¡£¬¼´¾ø¶ÔÖ÷Òå¹ú¼ÒÓë×ÔÈ»·¨ÕÜѧ¼ÒÔÚÀíÐÔÂß¼­ÉϵÄͬ¹¹£¬¿ÂÊ©À³¿Ë¶Ô´ËÓзdz£¾«±ÙµÄ·ÖÎö¡£²Î¼ûReinhart Koselleck, Critique and Crisis: Enlightenment and the Pathogenesis of Modern Society(Leamington Spa: Berg, 1985).

[clx][160] À­µÂ²¼Â³ºÕ£¬¡¶·¨Ñ§µ¼ÂÛ¡·£¨Ã×½¡¡¢ÖìÁÖÒ룬±±¾©£ºÖйú´ó°Ù¿ÆÈ«Êé³ö°æÉ磬 1997£©£¬µÚ37Ò³ÒÔÏ¡£

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[clxii][162] Krieger, The German Idea of Freedom, 258.

[clxiii][163] Robert Von MohlÓ²Î¼ûNeumann, The Rule of Law, 181£­2.

[clxiv][164] ¶ÔΤ²®ÔçÆÚ˼ÏëÐγɲúÉúÏ൱´óÓ°ÏìµÄRudolf Von GneistÓתÒý×ÔKrieger, The German Idea of Freedom, 358.

[clxv][165] Neumann, The Rule of Law, 181.

[clxvi][166] Weber, Economy and Society, 882-95£»²Î¼ûNeumann, ¡°The Change in the function of Law in Modern Society¡±.

[clxvii][167] Weber, Economy and Society, 882ff.

[clxviii][168] Max Weber, Critique of Stammler, 124ff; ¼°Economy and Society, 326-7.

[clxix][169] Kirchheimer, ¡°The Rechtsstaat as Magic Wall¡±, 290.

[clxx][170] ²Î¼ûKirchheimer, ¡°The Rechtsstaat as Magic Wall¡±, 294.

[clxxi][171] Weber, The Methodology of the Social Sciences, 47; Political Writings, 77-8, 334.

[clxxii][172] ¡°·¨Öιú¡±µÄÕû¸ö¹ÛÄÔÚ19ÊÀ¼ÍÄ©¾ÍÖð½¥³ÉΪ·¨Ñ§ÖеÄÖØÒª¹ÛÄӰÏìÁËÒ»´úµÂ¹ú·¨Ñ§¼Ò£¬°üÀ¨Î¤²®µÄÐí¶àÀÏʦºÍͬʱ´úµÄÖØÒªÑ§Õߣ¬²Î¼ûHaines, The Revival of Natural Law Concepts, 246ff¡£ÓйØÎ¤²®µÄ·¨Ñ§½ÌÓý¶ÔËûÉç»áÀíÂÛµÄÓ°Ï죬²Î¼ûStephen Turner and Regis Factor, Max Weber: The Lawyer as Social Thinker (London: Routledge, 1994)£» Ö£¸ê£¬¡¶ÂõÏòÒ»ÖÖ·¨ÂɵÄÉç»áÀíÂÛ£ºÂí¿Ë˹¡¤Î¤²®·¨ÂÉ˼ÏëÑо¿¡·£¨±±¾©´óѧ·¨ÂÉѧϵ²©Ê¿ÂÛÎÄ£¬1998£©£¬23£­35¡£

[clxxiii][173] 1794ÄêµÄ¡¶ÆÕ³ʿ¹ú¼ÒÆÕͨ°î·¨¡·£¬×ªÒý×Ô´ÄÍþ¸ñÌØºÍ¿Ë´Ä£¬¡¶±È½Ï·¨×ÜÂÛ¡·£¬256¡£

[clxxiv][174] 1766ÄêµÄ°ÍµÇÍõÊÒ·¨ÁתÒý×ÔÀ­µÂ²¼Â³ºÕ£¬¡¶·¨Ñ§µ¼ÂÛ¡·£¬µÚ37Ò³¡£

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[clxxvi][176] Τ²®£¬¡°Öм䷴˼¡±£¬312£¬ ÒëÎÄÓи͝¡£

[clxxvii][177] ²Î¼ûOtto Kirchheimer, ¡°State structure and Law in the Third Reich¡±, in Scheuerman ed. The Rule of Law Under Siege, 142ff.

[clxxviii][178] Franz Neumann, ¡°The Concept of Political Freedom¡±, in Scheuerman ed. The Rule of Law Under Siege, 202.

[clxxix][179] Weber, Economy and Society, 890¡£À¨ºÅÖеÄÎÄ×ÖΪÒýÕß¼Ó¡£

[clxxx][180] ·¨µÄÉç»áѧÍùÍùÇãÏòÓÚÅųâ²ÉÓá°ÄÚÔÚÊӽǡ±£¨ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬¾ø´ó¶àÊýµÄ×÷Ϊ¡°·ÖÖ§Éç»áѧ¡±£¬Èç¾­¼ÃÉç»áѧ¡¢ÕþÖÎÉç»áѧ¶¼Èç´Ë£©£¬ÕâÑùÍùÍùÄÑÒÔ°ÑÎÕ·Ö»¯µÄÉç»áÁìÓòÖжÀÌØµÄÀíÐÔ¡£¶ÔÓÚÆÕͨ·¨À´Ëµ£¬¸üÖØÒªµÄÊÇ£¬ÕâÖÖÄÚÔÚÊÓ½ÇÕýÊÇÆÕͨ·¨µÄ˾·¨ÀíÐÔµÄÖØÒªÌØµã£¬²Î¼ûAndrew Lewis, ¡°Legal Positivism: some lessons from legal history¡±, in Stephen Guest ed. Positivism Today (Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1996), 65-76.

[clxxxi][181] H.L.A. Hart, Essays on Bentham (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982) , 26.

[clxxxii][182] Thomas Hobbes, A Dialogue between a Philosopher and a student of the Common Laws of England, in The English Works of Thomas Hobbes( London: John Bohn, 1966), Vol.VI:3-8¡£

[clxxxiii][183] ´Ó¹ÛÄîÊ·µÄ½Ç¶È¿´£¬±ßÇßµÄ˼Ï룬ͨ¹ýÒ®ÁÖ£¬Ö±½ÓÓ°ÏìÁËΤ²®µÄ·¨ÂɹÛÄ²Î¼ûTurner and Factor, Max Weber: The Lawyer as Social Thinker, 11.

[clxxxiv][184] David Sugarman, ¡°Legal Theory, the Common Law mind and the making of the Textbook tradition¡±, in William Twinning ed. Legal Theory and Common Law (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986) , 39.

[clxxxv][185] Hart, Essays on Bentham, 4.

[clxxxvi][186] ÕâÊDZßÇß¶Ô²¼À³¿Ë˹ͨµÄ¡¶Ó¢¹ú·¨ÊÍÒå¡·µÄ˵·¨£¬´ó¸ÅͬÑù¿ÉÒÔ¿´×÷Ëû¶ÔÕû¸öÆÕͨ·¨µÄ¿´·¨¡£±ßÇߣ¬¡¶Õþ¸®Æ¬ÂÛ¡·£¨ÉòÊ寽µÈÒ룬±±¾©£ºÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý£¬1996Ä꣩£¬µÚ93Ò³¡£

[clxxxvii][187] ÖµµÃ×¢ÒâµÄÊÇ£¬ÕâÀïÎÒÃǺöÂÔÁË»ô²¼Ë¹Ë¼ÏëÖÐÔÚ×ÔÈ»·¨Ñ§ËµÓë·¨ÂÉʵ֤Ö÷ÒåÖ®¼äµÄDZÔÚÕÅÁ¦¡£´Ó»ô²¼Ë¹ÉíÉÏ£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ·¢ÏÖ£¬Ó¢¹úµÄ·¨ÂÉʵ֤Ö÷Òåѧ˵ͬÑù¾­ÀúÁ˵¹ú¡°·¨Öιú¡±¹ÛÄîµÄijЩת»¯£¬Í¨¹ýÎüÊÕ×ÔÈ»·¨ÖеÄһЩ¹Ø¼üÐÔµÄÀíÄΪʵ¶¨·¨ÌṩÁËDZÔÚµÄÖ§³Å¡£¶øÆäÖйؼüÐԵĹý¶É»·½Ú¾ÍÊÇ»ô²¼Ë¹µÄÀíÂÛ¡£»ô²¼Ë¹µÄ¡°ÀíÐÔ¡±¸ÅÄ¸üÊdzÉΪδÀ´Éç»á¹¤³ÌµÄÀíÐÔ¼ÆËãÒÀ¾ÝµÄ»ù±¾³ß¶È¡£²Î¼ûNobert Bobbio, Thomas Hobbes and the Natural Law Tradition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), 44-6.

[clxxxviii][188] Hobbes, A Dialogue between a Philosopher and a student of the Common Laws of England, 5.

[clxxxix][189] Hart, Essays on Bentham, chap.1¡£ÖµµÃ×¢ÒâµÄÊÇ£¬×Կ¿ËÖ®ºó£¬ÆÕͨ·¨µÄÖ÷Á÷¹ÛÄͳºÜÉÙ³ÆÆÕͨ·¨µÄ¡°ÀíÐÔ¡±Îª¡°×ÔÈ»ÀíÐÔ¡±£¬¸ü¶à³ÆÖ®Îª¡°¼¼ÒÕÀíÐÔ¡±£¨ÈËΪÀíÐÔ£©¡£

[cxc][190] ÕýÈç·¨ÂÉʷѧÕßÃܶûËÉÖ¸³ö£¬ÆÕͨ·¨ÖеÄÕâÖÖ¡°ÀíÐÔ¡±¹ÛÄî±£ÁôÁË×î³õÀ´×Ô·¨ÓïµÄÒ⺭¡£S. F. C. Milsom, ¡°The Past and the Future of Judge-made Law¡±, in Studies in the History of the Common Law (London: the Hambledon Press, 1985)£¬216¡£´ËÍ⣬ÆÕͨ·¨Êµ¼ùÕߵġ°ÀíÐÔ¡±¹ÛÄ»¹´øÓгÌÐòÉϵÄÒ⺭£¬²Î¼ûNorman Doe, Fundamental Authority in Late Medieval English Law(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 108-13£¬ÌÖÂÛÆÕͨ·¨¡°ÀíÐÔ¡±µÄÓïÑÔѧ±³¾°¡£´ÓÀúÊ·µÄ½Ç¶È¿´£¬Ôڿ¿˴óÁ¦³«µ¼ÆÕͨ·¨ÀíÐÔµÄʱ´ú£¬¡°ÀíÐÔ¡±µÄÕâÒ»Ó÷¨¾ßÓзdz£¾ßÌåµÄÕþÖÎÒ⺭£¬Êǵ±Ê±ÕþÖΣ­·¨ÂÉ£­×ڽ̷×ÕùµÄÒ»¸ö½¹µã¡£ÓйØÕâһʱ´úµÄ¡°ÀíÐÔ¡±Óë¡°ºÏÀíÐÔ¡±£¨reasonableness£©µÄÌÖÂÛ£¬²Î¼ûChristopher Hill, Change and Continuity in 17th Century England (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991), 103-23¡£ÔÚµ±´ú·¨Ñ§½çÖУ¬Ò²ÓÐһЩ¶Ô·¨ÂÉʵ֤Ö÷ÒåºÍ×ÔÈ»·¨¹ÛÄî¶¼²»Ì«ÂúÒâµÄÅ·ÖÞѧÕß³«µ¼ÕâÑùµÄ¹ÛÄî£¬ÌØ±ðÊÇPerelman³«µ¼µÄËùν¡°ÐÂÐÞ´Çѧ¡±£¬ÕâÒ»ÀíÂÛÓëÎÒÃÇÏÂÃæÂÛÊöµÄÆÕͨ·¨µÄ˾·¨ÀíÐÔÖ®¼ä¾ßÓÐÃÜÇеÄÇ×Ôµ¹ØÏµ¡£²Î¼ûChaim Perelman, ¡°The Rational and the Reasonable¡±, in The New Rhetoric and the Humanistic (Dordrecht: D.Reidel Publishing Press)£¬ 117ff¡£Óйء°ÀíÐÔ¡±¸ÅÄîµÄÀúʷ˵Ã÷£¬²Î¼û±¾ÎĵÚËIJ¿·ÖµÄÂÛÊö¡£

[cxci][191] ²Î¼ûNobert Bobbio, ¡°Reason in Law¡±, Ratio Juris, (1988) vol.1, No.2:97-108¡£²»¹ýÔÚij¸öÖØÒªµÄ·½ÃæÓëBobbioµÄ¹ÛµãÓÐËù²»Í¬£¬ÎÒÓëΤ²®µÄ¿´·¨µ¹¸ü½üËÆ£¬×ÔÈ»·¨Óëʵ¶¨·¨¶¼Í¬ÑùÊôÓÚÁ¢·¨ÀíÐÔ¡£ÕâÒ»µã¾ÍÍ»³öÌåÏÖÔÚ»ô²¼Ë¹µÄÁ¢³¡ÖС£Bobbio±¾ÈËÇ¿µ÷ÁË»ô²¼Ë¹Ë¼ÏëÖÐ×ÔÈ»·¨ÒòËØÓëʵ¶¨·¨ÒòËØÖ®¼äµÄ¶þÂɱ³·´¡£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬ÕâÖÖ¶þÂɱ³·´²¢²»½öÏÞÓÚ»ô²¼Ë¹Ò»¸öÈË£¬ÔÚ17£­18ÊÀ¼Í¾ßÓÐ×ÔÈ»·¨ÇãÏòµÄѧÕßÖÐÆÄΪ³£¼û£¬×ÔÈ»·¨µÄÁ¢·¨ÀíÐÔ²»ÊÇ×÷Ϊ¶Ô¿¹¾ø¶ÔÖ÷Òå¾ýÖ÷í§ÒâÒâÖ¾µÄÎäÆ÷£¬µ¹³ÉÁ˺óÕßÁ¢·¨µÄijÖÖ¡°µ¼Ê¦¡±»ò¡°¹ËÎÊ¡±µÄÐÎÏó£¨ÀýÈçµÂ¹úµÄThomasius£©£¬ÕâÕýÊÇÎÒÃÇÉÏÃæÌÖÂÛ¹ýµÄʵ¶¨·¨ÎüÊÕ×ÔÈ»·¨¹ý³ÌµÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£Òò´Ë£¬Ëùν¡°»ô²¼Ë¹¡±µÄʱ´ú£¬²¢·Ç×ÔÈ»·¨µÄ¡°»ô²¼Ë¹¡±µÄʱ´ú£¬Õâ¸öʱ´úµÄµ÷ÃÅʵ¼ÊÉÏÈ´ÊǽèÖú×ÔÈ»·¨Öеġ°ÀíÐÔ·¨ÂÉ¡±¹ÛÄ¹¹ÆðÀ´µÄʵ¶¨·¨µÄÁ¢·¨ÀíÐÔ£¬²¢Ï£Íû×îÖÕÄܹ»ÒԴ˽¨ÉèÒ»ÖÖ¾ø¶ÔÖ÷ÒåµÄ¹ú¼Ò¡£ÕâÒ»¡°Àûά̹¡±µÄʱ´ú£¬´ó¸ÅÔÚÐí¶à·½Ê½£¬Ô¶²»ÊÇ»ô²¼Ë¹µ±³õÄܹ»ÉèÏëµ½µÄ¡£²Î¼ûDavid Saunders, Anti-Lawyers: Religion and the critics of law and State(London: Routledge, 1997), chap.4£»Bobbio, Thomas Hobbes and the Natural Law Tradition, 149£­71£»¹ØÓÚThomasius£¬²Î¼ûPeter Stein, Legal Evolution: The Story of an idea (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), 51-2¡£Ïà·´£¬ÕýÈç±¾ÎÄËùÂÛÊöµÄ£¬µ¹ÊÇÆÕͨ·¨µÄ¡°·¨ÂÉÀíÐÔ¡±ÊÇ¡°Ë¾·¨ÀíÐÔ¡±£¨Bobbio³ÆÖ®Îªjudging reason£©µÄ´ú±í£¬¶ø²»ÊôÓÚ¡°ÀíÐÔ·¨ÂÉ¡±µÄ´«Í³¡£ÕâÒ»µãÒ²ÓëBobbio¶Ô¿Â¿ËµÄÂÛÊöÓÐËù²»Í¬£¬²Î¼ûÏÂÎÄÓÐ¹ØÆÕͨ·¨Óë×ÔÈ»·¨¹ØÏµµÄÌÖÂÛ¡£

[cxcii][192] PostemaÔÚËû³öÉ«µÄÖø×÷ÖУ¬½«±ßÇß¿´×÷ÊÇÒ»¸öÆÕͨ·¨µÄÐÞÕýÖ÷ÒåÕߣ¬ËƺõºöÊÓÁ˱ßÇß³«µ¼µÄ·¨ÂɹÛÄîµÄ¡°ÕÜѧ¼¤½øÖ÷Ò塱ɫ²Ê£¬ÆäÖеÄ×ÔÈ»ÀíÐÔ¾¡¹Ü´øÓÐÆÕͨ·¨Ç¿µ÷µÄ¡°³£Ê¶¡±É«²Ê£¬µ«´Ó·¨ÂÉÖÎÀíµÄ½Ç¶ÈÀ´¿´£¬È´Ã²ºÏÉñÀë¡£Gerald Postema, Bentham and the Common Law Tradition (Oxford: Clareden Press, 1986), Chap. 6.

[cxciii][193] W. T. Murphy, ¡°The Oldest Social Sciences? The Epistemic Properties of the Common Law Tradition¡±, The Modern Law Review 54:2(1991), 182-215.

[cxciv][194] Lon Fuller, The Principles of Social Order£¨Durham: Duke University Press, 1981£©, 121ff.

[cxcv][195] ¿ËÂå˹ָ³ö£¬²¼À³¿Ë˹ͨµÄÕâÖÖ¡°²»ÖªµÀ¡±£¬¡°ÊÇÈκÎÏëÒª³ÉΪÆÕͨ·¨µÄΰ´óÚ¹ÊÍÕßËù²»¿É»òȱµÄ¡£Òò´Ë£¬²¼À³¿Ë˹ͨÊÇÕâÑùµÄÈË£¬¶ø±ßÇß²»ÊÇ¡±¡£Rupert Cross, ¡°Blackstone v.s. Bentham¡±, The Law Quarterly Review (1976) 92£º527.

[cxcvi][196] Frederick Schauer, ¡°Is the Common law law?¡±, California Law Review, (1989) 77:455.

[cxcvii][197] תÒý×ÔSugarman, ¡°Legal Theory, the Common Law mind and the making of the Textbook tradition¡±, 34.

[cxcviii][198] Hobbes, A Dialogue between a Philosopher and a student of the Common Laws of England,7.

[cxcix][199] W. S. Holdsworth, Sources and Literature of English Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925), 145.

[cc][200] ½Ü¸¥Ñ·Ó¼ûJames Stoner, Common Law and Liberal Theory(Lawrence: The University Press of Kansas, 1992), 13.

[cci][201] ÕâÑù˵£¬ÓÐÁ½¸ö·½ÃæµÄÒ⺭£º¼ÈÖ¸¿Â¿Ëͨ¹ý½«ÆÕͨ·¨¡°ÏÖ´ú»¯¡±£¬Ò²Ö¸¿Â¿Ë½«ÖÐÊÀ¼ÍÖз¨ÂÉÖÁ¸ßÎÞÉϵĹÛÄî´øÈëÁËÏÖ´ú·¨ÂÉ˼ÏëÖС£²Î¼ûJohn Undenwood Lewis, ¡°Sir Edward Coke(1552-1633): His Theory of ¡®Artificial Reason¡¯ as a Context for Modern basic Legal Theory¡±, Law Quarterly Review 84(1968), 333.

[ccii][202] Sir Edward Coke, Institutes of the Laws of England, I£¬97b£¬×ªÒý×ÔStoner, Common Law and Liberal Theory, 23.

[cciii][203] A. W. Simpson, ¡°The Common Law and Legal Theory¡±, in A. W. Simpson ed. Oxford Essays in Jurisprudence(Second Series, Oxford: Clarenden, 1973), 79.

[cciv][204] Lewis, ¡°Sir Edward Coke: His Theory of ¡®Artificial Reason¡¯ as a Context for Modern basic Legal Theory¡±, 338.

[ccv][205] תÒý×ÔAlan Cromartie, Sir Matthew Hale (Cambridge: Cambridge, 1995)£¬ 32¡£´ÓijÖÖÒâÒåÉϽ²£¬¹þÀյĹ۵㲢·Ç±ÈÓ÷¡£Ó¢¹úµÄÆÕͨ·¨ÔÚÐí¶à·½ÃæÓë×ÔÈ»·¨µÄÔçÆÚÒ⺭ÓнüËÆÖ®´¦£¬²Î¼ûD¡¯entieve£¬ ¡¶×ÔÈ»·¨¡·¡£¶ø¸»ÀÕÓйء°³ÌÐòÐÔ×ÔÈ»·¨¡±µÄÌá·¨£¬ÕýÊǼ̳йâ´óÁËÆÕͨ·¨µÄÕâһ˾·¨ÀíÐÔ´«Í³¡£²Î¼ûLon Fuller, The Morality of Law (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964).

[ccvi][206] ´ÓÆÕͨ·¨µÄÕâÖÖ·¨ÂÉÀíÐÔµÄ˼·³ö·¢£¬ÏÖ´ú·ÖÎö·¨Ñ§ÖÐÓйØÒ»½×¹æÔò£¨primary rules£©Óë¶þ½×¹æÔò£¨secondary rules£©µÄÇø·ÖÍêÈ«ÊÇûÓбØÒªµÄ£¬ÕâÒ»Çø·Ö±¾Éí¾ÍÊÇÁ¢·¨ÀíÐԵIJúÎï¡£²¢ÔÙ´ÎÖ¤Ã÷ÁËÆÕͨ·¨Óë»ùÓÚ·¨ÂÉʵ֤Ö÷ÒåµÄÏÖ´ú·ÖÎö·¨Ñ§´æÔÚÄÑÒÔ¿çÔ½µÄ¡°ºè¹µ¡±¡£¶Ô¹þÌØÕâÒ»ÖøÃûÇø·ÖµÄÅúÆÀ£¬²Î¼ûM.J. Detmold£¬¡°Law as Practical Reason¡±, Cambridge Law Journal, 44(3), Nov. 1989, 442ff£»¸»ÀÕÒ²´Ó²»Í¬µÄ½Ç¶È³ö·¢½øÐÐÁËÀàËÆµÄÅúÆÀ£¬²Î¼ûLon Fuller, The Morality of Law (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964), 141ff ¡£¹þÌØ±¾È˶ÔÕâÒ»Çø·ÖµÄÂÛÊö£¬²Î¼û¹þÌØ£¬¡¶·¨ÂɵĸÅÄî¡·£¨ÕÅÎÄÏÔµÈÒ룬±±¾©£ºÖйú´ó°Ù¿ÆÈ«Êé³ö°æÉ磬1996£©£¬µÚÎåÕ¡£¸ÃÊ齫ÕâÁ½¸ö¸ÅÄîÒëΪ£¬¡°µÚÒ»ÐÔ¹æÔò¡±ºÍ¡°µÚ¶þÐÔ¹æÔò¡±¡£

[ccvii][207] Cromartie, Sir Matthew Hale£¬20£­1¡£ÈÄÓÐȤζµÄÊÇ£¬Cromartie½«¿Â¿ËµÄÕâÖÖ˼ÏëÓëµÂÎÖ½ðÔÚ¡¶·¨Âɵ۹ú¡·ÖвûÊöµÄ˼ÏëÏà±È¡£´ÓÎÒÃÇÏÂÃæµÄÂÛÊö¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½£¬ÕâÒ»¹²Í¨Ö®´¦Ô¶²»Ö¹CromartieËùÇ¿µ÷µÄ·½Ãæ¡£²»¹ý£¬ÎÒÈÏΪ£¬¿Â¿Ë´ó¸ÅºÜÄѽÓÊܵÂÎÖ½ðÄÇôǿµÄ¡°ÊµÖÊ¡±Á¢³¡£¬ÈÏΪÕâÖÖ·¨ÂɵÄÍêÉÆÀíÐÔÊÇÓÉ¡°Ô­Ôò¡±Ö§ÅäµÄ¡£²Î¼ûµÂÎֽ𣬡¶·¨Âɵ۹ú¡·£¬Àî³£ÇàÒ루±±¾©£ºÖйú´ó°Ù¿ÆÈ«Êé³ö°æÉ磬1996£©£¬ÌرðÊǵÚ9Õ¡£

[ccviii][208] GrayÔÚ̽ÌÖ¹þÀյįÕͨ·¨Ñ§ËµÊ±£¬ÌÖÂÛÁËÈýÖÖ²»Í¬µÄ·¨ÂɱäǨģʽ£¬²Î¼ûCharles Gray, ¡°Editor¡¯s Introduction¡± to Sir Matthew Hale, The History of the Common Law of England (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1971), xxvi.

[ccix][209] J. A. Pocock, The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law: A Study in English Historical Thought in the 17th Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), chap.2.

[ccx][210] Hale, The History of the Common Law of England, 40.

[ccxi][211] Sir Matthew Hale, " Sir Matthew Hale¡¯s Criticism on Hobbes¡¯s Dialogue of the Common Laws", In Sir William Holdsworth, A History of English Law (London : Methuen, 1956-1972), Vol.V, 504.

[ccxii][212] Lewis, ¡°Sir Edward Coke: His Theory of ¡®Artificial Reason¡¯ as a Context for Modern basic Legal Theory¡±, 337.

[ccxiii][213] תÒý×ÔStoner, Common Law and Liberal Theory, 25.

[ccxiv][214] Hale, " Sir Matthew Hale¡¯s Criticism on Hobbes¡¯s Dialogue of the Common Laws", 504.

[ccxv][215] ²»¹ý£¬±ßÇßµÄÀíÓÉÊÇÕâÑù×öµÄºÃ´¦µÍÓÚ´ú¼Û£¬ÒòΪ¸ö±ð°¸ÀýµÄЧÓÃÓëÕû¸ö¹æÔòϵͳÎȶ¨ÐÔµÄЧÓÃÊÇÎÞ·¨ÏàÌá²¢Â۵ģ¬ÕâÒ²³ÉÁ˱ßÇß·´¶ÔÔËÓÃ˾·¨ÊֶθÄÉÆ·¨ÂɵÄÒ»¸öÖØÒªÀíÓÉ¡£²Î¼ûPostema, Bentham and the Common Law Tradition, chap6.

[ccxvi][216] Hale, " Sir Matthew Hale¡¯s Criticism on Hobbes¡¯s Dialogue of the Common Laws", 501.

[ccxvii][217] R. StoneÓ²Î¼ûPostema, Bentham and the Common Law Tradition, 31¡£HaleÓÐÀàËÆµÄ˵·¨£¬¼û" Sir Matthew Hale¡¯s Criticism on Hobbes¡¯s Dialogue of the Common Laws", 501.

[ccxviii][218] Peter Goodrich, ¡°Antirrhesis: Polemecal Structure of Common Law Thought¡±, in Austin Sarat and Thomas Kearns ed. The Rhetoric of Law (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1994), 57-102.

[ccxix][219] ÔÚÕâ¶ÎÒýÎÄÖ®ºó¾ÍÊÇÔÚÏÜÕþÊ·ÉÏÖøÃûµÄ¶ÎÂ䣬¿Â¿ËÒýÓò¼À³¿Ë¶Ù£¨Bracton£©µÄ˵·¨£¬¡°¹úÍõ²»ÔÚÈκÎÈË֮ϣ¬µ«ÔÚÉϵÛÓë·¨ÂÉ֮ϡ±£¨sub Deo et sub Lege£©¡£Coke, 12 Report 63£¬×ªÒý×ÔStoner, Common Law and Liberal Theory£¬30¡£µ«ÖµµÃÇ¿µ÷µÄÊÇ£¬ÆÕͨ·¨µÄÕâÖÖÏÜÕþÉ«²Ê£¬Æä»ù´¡ÊÇÒÔ¡°¼¼ÒÕÀíÐÔ¡±ÎªºËÐĵÄʵ¼ù¼¼Êõ£¬ÒÔ¼°ÒÔ·¨ÂÉÖ°ÒµµÄ·â±ÕÐÔºÍ×ÔÖ÷ÐÔΪǰÌáµÄÖÆ¶È±£ÕÏ£¬Ó뷨͏ÛÄî±³¾°µÄ¡°»ìºÏÕþÌ塱£¨mixed government£©»òÃñ´âÖ÷Òå±³¾°µÄ¡°Ò»ÖÂÕþÌ塱£¨government by consent£©µÄÁ¢·¨ÀíÐÔ¹ÛÄÔÚ¹ÛÄîÊ·ºÍÖÆ¶ÈÊ·µÄÔ´Á÷ÉÏ£¬¶¼ÓÐËù²»Í¬£¨¾¡¹ÜÓë·â½¨·¨Âɵķ¨ÍŹÛÄîÓÐÏ൱ÉîµÄÁªÏµ£©¡£ ´ÓijÖÖÒâÒåÉϽ²£¬ÔÚÓ¢¹ú£¬Ö±ÖÁÇå½Ì¸ïÃü£¬ÒÀ¿¿¡°Ë¾·¨Ò»Ö¡±µÄ˾·¨ÀíÐÔ¹ÛÄî¶Ô¾ø¶ÔÖ÷Òå¾ýÖ÷ÖÆ½øÐеÄÖÆÔ¼£¬ÈÔÈ»ÊÇÖ÷ÒªµÄ¡°ÏÜÕþ¡±±£ÕÏ£¬ÕâÕýÊÇËùν¡°¹Å´úÏÜÕ´«Í³¡±£¨ancient constitution tradition£©µÄÖØÒªÒ⺭¡£²Î¼û Pocock, The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law£»Óйء°Ë¾·¨Ò»Ö¡±£¨judicial consent£©Óë¡°ÃñÖÚÒ»Ö¡±£¨popular consent£©µÄ¶Ô±ÈÌÖÂÛ£¬²Î¼ûDoe, Fundamental Authority in Late Medieval English Law, 22ff£»Óйء°Ò»ÖÂÕþÌ塱Óë¡°¹Å´úÏÜÕ´«Í³¡±×÷ΪÁ½ÖÖÖ÷ÒªµÄ·´¾ø¶ÔÖ÷ÒåÁ¦Á¿£¬²Î¼ûJ. P. Sommerville, Politics and Ideology in England.1603-1640 (London: Longman, 1986), chap.2-3.

[ccxx][220] Hale, " Sir Matthew Hale¡¯s Criticism on Hobbes¡¯s Dialogue of the Common Laws", 501.

[ccxxi][221] ÓëÒÉÄѰ¸¼þÏà¶ÔµÄ£¬Óи÷ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄ˵·¨£¬easy cases£¨µÂÎֽ𣩡¢plain cases£¨¹þÌØ£©»òclear case£¨Âó¿¼Ãܿˣ©µÈ£¬µ«ÕâÀïÖ®ËùÒÔ²ÉÓá°ÀýÐа¸¼þ¡±µÄ˵·¨£¬²¢²»½ö½öÊÇΪÁËÓëΤ²®µÄÉç»áÀíÂÛÏà¹ØÁª£¬¶ø¸ü¶àÊÇÒòΪ¡°ÀýÐа¸¼þ¡±µÄÌá·¨¸üºÃµØ·´Ó³ÁËÕâÀà°¸¼þÅоö¹ý³ÌµÄÐÔÖÊ¡£

[ccxxii][222] Aulis Aarnio, The Rational as Reasonable: A Treatise on Legal Justification (Dordrecht: D.Reidel Publishing Company, 1987) , 1.

[ccxxiii][223] Ò²ÐíÕýÈçAarnioËùÑÔ£¬¶ÔÓÚ·¨Ñ§ÀíÂÛÀ´Ëµ£¬ÀýÐа¸¼þµÄÒâÒå²¢²»Ì«´ó£¨¶Ô´Ë£¬ÎÒÒ²¶àÉÙÓÐЩ»³ÒÉ£©¡£²»¹ýÖÁÉÙ£¬¶ÔÓÚ·¨ÂɹÜÀí»ò·¨ÂÉÀíÐÔµÄÉç»áѧ·ÖÎöÀ´Ëµ£¬ÀýÐа¸¼þºÍÒÉÄѰ¸¼þͬÑùÖØÒª¡£Aarnio, The Rational as Reasonable, 1.

[ccxxiv][224] ËùÒÔ£¬Âó¿¼Ãܿ˲ųÆÖ®Îª¡°Çå³þµÄ°¸¼þ¡±£¨clear cases£©£¬Óë¡°²»Çå³þµÄ°¸¼þ¡±Ïà¶Ô¡£Neil MacCormick, ¡°The artificial reason and judgement of law¡±, Rechtstheorie, Beiheft 2, 112-3¡£¾¡¹ÜÂó¿¼Ãܿ˵ÄÎÄÕ²ÉÓÃÁ˿¿˵ÄÖøÃû˵·¨ÎªÌ⣬µ«ËƺõÔÚһЩ¹Ø¼üµÄµØ·½Óë¾­µäµÄÆÕͨ·¨Ñ§ËµÖеÄ˾·¨ÀíÐÔÓÐÏ൱µÄ¾àÀ룬¾ßÓÐŨºñµÄ¡°Êµ¶¨»¯¡±É«²Ê¡£

[ccxxv][225] Detmold³ÆÖ®Îª¡°×¼Á¢·¨¡±£¨sub-legislation£©µÄ·½Ê½£¬¡°Law as Practical Reason¡±, 458.

[ccxxvi][226] µ±È»£¬ÓÉÓÚÔËÓÃÓÐÏÞÊýÄ¿µÄ¡°³õʼÁî×´¡±£¨original writs£©¿ªÆôËßËϳÌÐò£¬ÆÕͨ·¨È·ÊµÐèÒª¿¼ÂÇһЩ¡°ÍâÔÚ¡±µÄÊÂʵ£¬¶ø·Ç¡°Âß¼­·ÖÀࡱÒâÒåÉϵÄÊÂʵ£¬²»¹ý£¬ÕâÔںܴó³Ì¶ÈÉÏÓëÆÕͨ·¨³ÌÐòÀúÊ··¢Õ¹µÄÌØÊâ¹ý³ÌÓйء£ÁíÍ⣬ÅãÉóÍŵÄÇé¿öÒ²ÀàËÆ£¬²Î¼ûÏÂÎĵÚËIJ¿·ÖµÄÌÖÂÛ¡£²»¹ý£¬´Ó·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíµÄ½Ç¶È¿´£¬Î¤²®ÔÚÆÕͨ·¨ºÍ´ó½µÄ¡°ÐÎʽÀíÐÔ·¨¡±Ö®¼ä½¨Á¢µÄÇø±ð£¬Ëƺõ²¢²»Ç¡µ±¡£

[ccxxvii][227] Aarnio, The Rational as Reasonable, 103-5.

[ccxxviii][228] Niklas Luhmann, A Sociological Theory of Law (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985), 174ff.

[ccxxix][229] M.J. Detmold£¬The Unity of Law and Morality: A Refutation of Legal Positivism (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984), 175.

[ccxxx][230] ¾ø¶ÔÐÔÓëÒ»°ãÐÔµÄÇø±ð£¬²Î¼ûDetmold¶ÔÏÈÀýµÄÌÖÂÛ, ͬÉÏÒýÎÄ¡£

[ccxxxi][231] Ray D. Perelman, ¡°Analogy and Metaphor in Science, Poetry, and Philosophy¡±, in The New Rhetoric and the Humanistic.

[ccxxxii][232]²Î¼ûArthur L. Goodhart, Essays in Jurisprudence and the Common Law (Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 1931), chap.1.

[ccxxxiii][233] Jack Beatson, ¡°Has the Common Law a Future?¡±, Cambridge Law Journal (1997) 56(2), 312.

[ccxxxiv][234] תÒý×ÔRupert Cross and J. W. Harris, Precedent in English Law (Oxford: Clarenden Press, 1991), 43.

[ccxxxv][235] ÕýÈçÎÒÃÇÏÂÃæÌÖÂÛËùÖð½¥½ÒʾµÄ£¬°¸¼þÉæ¼°µÄ¡°ÌØÊâÐÔ¡±Ò»Ã棬ÕýÊÇ·¨ÂÉÐж¯Õß½èÖúÎȶ¨µÄ·¨ÂɳÌÐò£¬ÔÚ¼ÛÖµ×ÔÓɵÄǰÌáÏÂʵ¼ùȨÀûµÄ¶ÀÌØ·½Ê½¡£ÆÕͨ·¨·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíÖжԡ°ÌØÊâÐÔ¡±µÄÖØÊÓ£¬ÓëÀËÂþÖ÷Òå±³¾°Ïµı£ÊØÖ÷Òå¹ÛÄî¶Ô¡°Ìض¨¸öÌåÖÐÔ̺¬µÄ¾«Éñ×ÜÌ塱µÄÇ¿µ÷ÏàÈ¥ÉõÔ¶£¬ºóÃæÕâÖÖ¹ÛÄî¶ÔµÂ¹ú¡°·¨Öιú¡±¹ÛÄîµÄʵÖÊ»¯²úÉúÁ˷dz£ÖØÒªµÄÓ°Ï죬ҲÊÇÖîÈç¡°»î·¨¡±¡¢¡°×ÔÓÉ·¨¡±¹ÛÄîµÄÖØÒª±³¾°£¬²Î¼ûTroeltsch, ¡°The Ideas of Natural Law and Humanity in World Politics¡±, 210-1¡£¾¡¹Ü£¨Í¨¹ýÎ¬ÌØ¸ù˹̹µÄÕÜѧ£©¼ä½ÓÊܵ½µÂÒâÖ¾ÉñÃØÖ÷Òå¹ÛÄîµÄÓ°Ï죬DetmoldµÄÂÛÊöÈÔÈ»±È½ÏÉî¿ÌµØÌ½ÌÖÆÕͨ·¨ÀíÐÔÕâÒ»ÌØµãµÄÖØÒª·¨ÀíѧÒ⺭£¬²¢Ìرð½ÒʾÁËÆäÖеÄ˾·¨ÀíÐÔµÄÒ⺭£¨²»¹ý£¬Ëû±¾ÈËûÓÐʹÓÃÕâÑùµÄ˵·¨£©£¬The Unity of Law and Morality; ÌØ±ðÊÇ ¡°Law as practical reason¡±Öжԡ°ÌØÊâÐÔÐé¿Õ¡±£¨particularity void£©µÄÌÖÂÛ¡£

[ccxxxvi][236] µ±È»£¬»¹ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ£¬Ë«·½£¨»òÖÁÉÙÒ»·½ÈÏΪ£©£¬°¸¼þÖеÄÖØÒªÊÂʵ£¬ÓëÈκÎÏÈÀý¶¼Ã»Óн¨Á¢ÆðÀàÍÆ¹ØÏµ¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ£¬¼´Ê¹³öÏÖÕâÖÖÇé¿ö£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔ½«ÏÈÀýÓë°¸¼þÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢¡°Èõ¡±µÄÀàÍÆ£¬¼´ÒÔ¡°È°µ¼ÐÔ¡±µÄ·½Ê½Ê¹ÓÃÏÈÀý¡£Òò´Ë£¬¿ÉÒÔºöÂÔÕâÖÖÇé¿ö£¬½«Ëü¿´×÷ÉÏÊöÁ½ÖÖÇé¿öµÄÌØÀý»ò±äÌå¡£¶øÔÚʵ֤Ö÷ÒåµÄ¡°×ÔÓɲÃÁ¿È¨¡±µÄѧ˵ÖУ¬È´°ÑÕâÖÖÇé¿ö¿´×÷ÊÇ¡°ÒÉÄѰ¸¼þ¡±µÄÖ÷ÒªÐÎʽ¡£Õâʵ¼ÊÉÏÎ¥±³ÁËÆÕͨ·¨Í¨³£µÄÇé¿ö¡£

[ccxxxvii][237] Summers ¸ÅÀ¨ÁËÕ⼸ÖÖ¿ÉÄܵÄÇéÐΡ£Robert Summers, ¡°Two Types of Substantive Reasons: the Core of a Theory of Common Law Justification¡±, Cornell Law Review (1978) 63. 5: 733ff.

[ccxxxviii][238]¶øÔÚʵ¶¨·¨µÄÌåϵÖУ¬ÒÉÄѰ¸¼þµÄ²úÉú£¬Òâζ×Å·¨ÂɵÄȱÏÝ£¬ÒªÃ´ÊÇ¡°Èô¡±²»Çå³þ£¬ÄÑÒÔÈ϶¨ÊÂʵ£»ÒªÃ´ÊÇ¡°Èô£­¼´¡±µÄÌõ¼þ³Ìʽ²»Í걸£¬ÎÞ·¨ÕÒµ½ÊÊÓ÷¨ÂÉ£¬ÐèÒªÁ¢·¨»ú¹¹À´Öƶ¨»òÐÞ¶©·¨ÂÉ¡£¶øÈç¹ûÏóÔÚÆÕͨ·¨ÖÐÀí½âµÄÄÇÑù£¬¿Ø±çË«·½¶¼Ìá³öÁËÓÐÀíÓɵġ°Èô£­¼´¡±£¬ÔÚʵ¶¨·¨µÄÁ¢·¨ÀíÐÔ¿´À´£¬ÊDz»¿ÉÀí½âµÄ¡£ÒòΪ¼´Ê¹ÏÖʵÖгöÏÖÁËÕâÖÖÇé¿ö£¬Ò²Ö»²»¹ýÖ¤Ã÷·¨ÂÉȱ·¦¸ü¸ß½×µÄ¡°Èô£­¼´¡±µÄÌõ¼þ³ÌʽÀ´½â¾öÒÉÄÑ¡£´ÓÕâÒ»µãÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÇå³þµØ¿´µ½£¬ÕýÈçÉÏÎÄÒѾ­Ö¸³öµÄ£¬Î¤²®¡°Æ«°®¡±µÄÐÎʽÀíÐÔ·¨ÊÂʵÉÏÓë¡°ÖîÉñÖ®Õù¡±Ïµġ°¼ÛÖµ×ÔÓÉ¡±Ö®¼äÓÐÄÚÔڵĽôÕŹØÏµ¡£ [ccxxxix][239] Goodrich, ¡°Antirrhesis: Polemecal Structure of Common Law Thought¡±, 59.

[ccxl][240]µÂÎÖ½ð±¾ÈËÔÚ¡¶ÈÏÕæ¶Ô´ýȨÀû¡·ÖеÄÂÛÊö£¬ÒÔ¼°´ËºóÐí¶àÆÀÂÛÕߣ¨ÎÞÂÛÊÇÔÞ³ÉÕß¡¢ÅúÆÀÕߣ¬»¹ÊÇ·¢Õ¹µÂÎÖ½ð˼ÏëµÄѧÕߣ©£¬¶¼ËƺõûÓÐÕÒµ½Çø±ð·¨ÂÉÔ­ÔòÓë·¨ÂÉÍâµÄ¸÷ÖÖ¼ÛÖµ£¨ÕâЩѧÕßÖ÷Òª¹Ø×¢µÄÊǵÀµÂ¼ÛÖµ£©µÄ°ì·¨¡£ÕýÈçÎÒÃÇÏÂÃæËùÖ¸³öµÄ£ºÊ×ÏÈ£¬·¨ÂÉÄÚ²¿²¢²»°üº¬¸÷ÖÖ¼ÛÖµ£»Æä´Î£¬·¨Âɱ¾Éíȷʵ°üº¬ÓëÕâЩ¼ÛÖµÓйØÁªµÄ¡°·¨ÂÉÔ­Ôò¡±£¬ÕâЩ¡°·¨ÂÉÔ­Ôò¡±¾ÍʵÏÖÕâЩ¼ÛÖµµÄ¼¼Êõ¿Õ¼ä×ö³öÁËÏà¹ØµÄ¡°¹æ¶¨¡±¡£·¨ÂÉÔ­Ôò£¬ÊµÖÊÉÏÊǽ«·¨ÂÉ¡°¹æ¶¨¡±Óë·¨ÂÉÖ®ÍâµÄ¸÷ÖÖ¼ÛÖµÁªÏµÆðÀ´µÄ³ÌÐò¼¼ÊõµÄ¡°Äںˡ±¡£´ÓÕâ¸ö½Ç¶ÈÀ´¿´£¬¸ù±¾¾Í²»´æÔÚʲô»µµÄ¡°·¨ÂÉÔ­Ôò¡±£¬»òÕß·¨¹Ù²»ÈÏͬµÄ·¨ÂÉÔ­Ôò£¬ÒòΪÕýÈçµÂÎÖ½ðÈÏʶµ½µÄ£¨µ«²¢Ã»ÓÐÇ¡µ±µØÓèÒÔ½âÊÍ£©£¬·¨¹Ù¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÓÃijЩ·¨ÂÉÔ­Ôò½«·¨ÂɹæÔòÓëËû²»ÈÏͬµÄ·Ç·¨ÂɼÛÖµÁªÏµÆðÀ´¡£ÕâÑùµÄÊÀ½ç£¬ÏÔÈ»²¢·ÇAlexanderºÍKressËùν¡°ËùÓÐÊÀ½çÖÐ×îÔãµÄÊÀ½ç¡±(worst of all worlds)£¬ÒòΪËü¼ÈûÓÐÆÆ»µ¡°Ô­Ôò¡±Ç±ÔڵĵÀµÂÒ⺭£¬Ò²Ã»ÓÐË𺦷¨ÂɵĹæÔòÒ⺭£¨»ò¸ü׼ȷ˵£¬³ÌÐòÒ⺭£©¡£Í¬Ñù£¬ÕâÖÖ³ÌÐòÉ«²ÊºÍ¼¼ÊõÒ⺭µÄ·¨ÂÉÔ­Ôò¹Û£¬Ò²Ã»ÓÐΣ¼°DetmoldËùν¡°Ô­Ôò¡±£¨ÔÚÎÒ¿´À´£¬ËûÖ¸µÄÊÇ¡°¼ÛÖµ¡±£©¶ÔÈÏͬ£¨commitment£©µÄÒªÇó¡£¹ØÓÚÕâ¸öÎÊÌâµÄÂÛÊö£¬·Ö±ð²Î¼ûµÂÎֽ𣬡¶ÈÏÕæ¶Ô´ýȨÀû¡·£¬168ÒÔÏ£»Larry Alexander and Ken Kress, ¡°Against Legal Principles¡±£¬in Andrei Marmor ed. Law and Interpretation (Oxford: Clarendon, 1995), 279-327£»Detmold, The Unity of Law and Morality, chap. 4¡£ÔÚÎÒ¿´À´£¬AlexanderºÍKressµÄÅúÆÀ£¬Ö÷ÒªÊÇÒòΪµÂÎÖ½ðµÄ·¨ÂÉÔ­Ôò¸ÅÄîµÄ¡°ÊµÖÊ»¯¡±É«²Ê¹ýÖØ£¬¡°³«µ¼ÁËÒ»ÖÖÒ²ÐíÊÇÓÐÊ·ÒÔÀ´×î¾ßʵÖÊÈ¡ÏòµÄ·¨ÂÉÀíÂÛ¡±¡£¶ø´Ó±¾ÎĵĽǶȿ´£¬ÕâÖÖ¹ý¶ÈµÄ¡°ÊµÖÊÈ¡Ïò¡±Ç¡Ç¡Ëðº¦ÁË¡°ÊµÖÊ¡±¼ÛÖµ±¾ÉíµÄ¡°¼ÛÖµ×ÔÓÉ¡±Ìص㣬ÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâÔÚÆäȨÀûÀíÂÛÓë·¨ÂɽâÊÍÀíÂÛµÄȱÏÝÖж¼ÓÐËùÌåÏÖ¡£ÓйصÂÎÖ½ð˼ÏëµÄʵÖÊÐÔ£¬²Î¼ûP. S. Atiyah and R. S. Summers, Form and Substance in Anglo-American Law (Oxford: Clarendon, 1987), 263¡£¹ØÓÚ¡°¼ÛÖµ¡±±³ºóµÄ¡°×ÔÓÉ¡±É«²Ê£¬ÕýÈçÎÒÃÇÒѾ­ÒþÔ¼Ö¸³öµÄ£¬ÔÚΤ²®µÄÀíÂÛÖÐÕ¼¾ÝÁ˷dz£ÖØÒªµÄµØÎ»£¬²Î¼ûStephen Turner and Regis Factor, Max Weber and the Dispute over Reason and Value(London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984), 35-8.

[ccxli][241] ²Î¼ûµÂÎֽ𡶷¨Âɵ۹ú¡·£¬14£­9¡£ÓñØÒªÖ¸³öµÄÊÇ£¬¸Ã°¸Éæ¼°µÄÒÅÖö·¨ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÖÆ¶¨·¨£¬²»¹ýÕâ²¢²»Ó°ÏìʵÖÊÐÔµÄÂÛÊö¡£ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¼Ù¶¨£¬ÔÚËùν¡°ÆÕͨ·¨¹ú¶È¡±µÄ·¨ÂÉÖÆ¶ÈÖУ¬Öƶ¨·¨µÄÊÊÓùý³ÌÒ²¹ã·º²ÉÓÃÁËÆÕͨ·¨µÄ¡°·½·¨ÂÛ¡±£¨·¨ÂÉÍÆÀí¼¼Êõ£©£¬»òÕß˵һ°ãµÄ·¨ÂÉÀíÐÔÔ­Ôò¡£²Î¼ûP. S. Atiyah, ¡°Common law and Statute¡±, The Modern Law Review (1985), Vol.48, No.1, 3.

[ccxlii][242] ÕâÖÖ˵·¨Êµ¼ÊÉÏÊÇÒ»ÖÖ´øÓÐÁ¢·¨ÀíÐÔÉ«²ÊµÄʵ֤Ö÷ÒåµÄȨÀû¹Û¡£¶øµÂÎÖ½ðµÄһЩÂÛÊö£¨¾¡¹Ü²¢·ÇÈ«²¿£©È·ÊµÈÝÒ×Òý·¢ÕâÑùµÄÒ⺭¡£ÓÈÆäËû¹ØÓÚ´æÔÚÒ»¸ö¡°ÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡±µÄÂÛÊö¡£²Î¼ûD. MacCormick, ¡°Dworkin as Pre£­Bentamite¡±, The Philosophical Review, (1978) LXXXVII, No.4: 585-607.

[ccxliii][243] ÕâÀïµÄÒ»¸ö³£¼ûÎÊÌâÊÇ£¬½«·¨¹ÙµÄÐÐΪÓëËßËϵ±ÊÂÈ˵ÄÐÐΪ»ìÏýÆðÀ´ÁË¡£Detmold¶ÔÔ­Ôò¡¢È¨ºâÓëÌØÊ⻯µÄ·ÖÎö¾Í´æÔÚÕâÑùµÄÎÊÌ⣬¾¡¹ÜËûµÄÂÛÊöÔÚ±ðµÄ·½Ãæ·Ç³£¾ßÓÐÆô·¢ÐÔ¡£²Î¼ûDetmold, The Unity of Law and Morality,ÌØ±ðÊǵÚ4Õ¡£

[ccxliv][244] Èç¹ûÔ­Ôò¾ßÓоø¶ÔµÄÈ¨ÖØ£¬Ô­Ôò¾Íת±äΪ¹æÔòÁË¡£²Î¼ûDetmold, The Unity of Law and Morality, 83¡£´ÓÕâ¸ö½Ç¶È¿´£¬¿¼Âǵ½ÈκξßÌå°¸¼þµÄ¸´ÔÓÐÔºÍÌØÊâÐÔ£¬ËùÓа¸¼þ¶¼Éæ¼°µ½²»¿ÉÍ×ЭµÄ³åͻԭÔò£¬µ«ÔÚÀýÐа¸¼þÖУ¬ÍùÍùÒ»ÖÖÔ­Ôò¾ßÓÐѹµ¹ÐÔµÄÈ¨ÖØ¡£Òò´Ë£¬´Ó˾·¨ÀíÐÔµÄÃèÊöÉç»áѧ¹Ûµã³ö·¢£¬ÎÒÃÇÒ²¿ÉÒÔ°ÑÀýÐа¸¼þ¿´×÷ÊÇÒÉÄѰ¸¼þµÄÒ»ÖÖ¼«¶ËÇé¿ö¡£²»¹ý£¬´Ó˾·¨¹ÜÀíµÄ½Ç¶ÈÀ´¿´£¬ÀíÐÔ°¸¼þµÄÅоöÍùÍùת±äΪ·¨ÂɹæÔòµÄÔËÓã¬ÔÚÐí¶àÇé¿öÏ£¬ÉõÖÁÊÇʵ¶¨·¨µÄ¡°Èô£­¼´¡±µÄÌõ¼þ³Ìʽ¡£ÔÚÏÖÔÚÕâ¸öËùνµÄ¡°Öƶ¨·¨µÄʱ´ú¡±ÖУ¬¾Í¸üÊÇÈç´ËÁË¡£ [ccxlv][245] ²Î¼û°¢µÙÑÇ£¬¡¶·¨ÂÉÓë½ü´úÉç»á¡·£¨·¶ÔõÈÒ룬ÁÉÄþ£ºÁÉÄþ½ÌÓý³ö°æÉ磬1998£©£¬214¡£

[ccxlvi][246] Weber, The Methodology of the Social Sciences, 17-8.

[ccxlvii][247] ²Î¼ûMartha Nussbaum, The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), part 3.

[ccxlviii][248] ¼¾ÎÀ¶«£¬¡°³ÌÐò±È½ÏÂÛ¡±£¬¡¶±È½Ï·¨Ñо¿¡·£¨1993£©µÚ7¾íµÚ1ÆÚ£¬26£­39¡£

[ccxlix][249] ÕâÕýÊÇÆÕͨ·¨ÀíÐÔµÄÌØµã¡£¹ØÓÚÆÕͨ·¨ÊÇ»ùÓÚÔ­ÔòµÄÕâÒ»¡°Éî²ã½á¹¹¡±£¬²Î¼ûA.W. B. Simpson, Legal Theory and Legal History (London: The Hambledon, 1987), 282ff.

[ccl][250] °¢µÙÑÇ£¬¡¶·¨ÂÉÓëÏÖ´úÉç»á¡·£¬136¡£

[ccli][251] ´ó½·¨ÏµµÄ¹ú¼ÒÍùÍù¶ÔÓÉ·¨¹Ù³Ðµ£ÕâÒ»½ÇÉ«³äÂú»³ÒÉ̬¶È¡£ÎÞÂ۾͹ÛÄîÊ·£¬»¹ÊÇÉç»áÊ·¶øÑÔ£¬ÕâÖÖ»³ÒÉ£¬¶¼ÓëÁ¢·¨ÀíÐÔÓë¹²ºÍÀíÂ۵ķ¢Õ¹ÓÐ×ÅÃÜÇеĹØÏµ£¬²»¹ýÕâÒѾ­³¬³ö±¾Îĵķ¶Î§£¬Ö»ÄÜÁô´ý½«À´ÌÖÂÛ¡£ [cclii][252] ´ÓijÖÖÒâÒåÉϽ²£¬ÕâÊÇÀúÊ·ÓÆ¾ÃµÄ¡°×ÔÖú¡±£¨self-help£©Ô­ÔòµÄ¡°Ë¾·¨»¯¡±£¬ÕâÓë±¾ÎĵÚËIJ¿·ÖÌÖÂ󵀮Õͨ·¨µÄÀúÊ·ÐγÉÓйء£´ÓÆÕͨ·¨µÄ·¨ÂÉÀíÐÔ¿´£¬Ö±½Ó¹ÜÀíµÄʵ¼ùȨÀûµÄ¼¼Êõ£¬Ô¶Ô¶ÉÙÓÚÄÇЩûÓÐÖ±½Ó¹ÜÀíµÄ¼¼Êõ¡£µ«ÆÕͨ·¨ÏÈÀýÖÐÌåÏֵľ«ÉñÈÔÈ»Äܹ»ÉøÍ¸µ½ºóÕßÄÇЩûÓÐÖ±½Ó¹ÜÀíµÄ²¿·Ö¡£

[ccliii][253] Sally Ewing, ¡°Formal Justice and the Spirit of Capitalism: Max Weber¡¯s Sociology of Law¡±, Law and Society Review (1987) Vol.21, No.3: 251-76¡£È·Êµ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¡¶¾­¼ÃÓëÉç»á¡·ÖÐÕÒµ½Ò»Ð©Ö§³Ö°£ÎĹ۵ãµÄÂÛÊö£¬ÀýÈ磬Weber, Economy and Society, 813¡£µ«Í¬ÑùÒ²ÄÜÕÒµ½²»ÉÙÏà·´µÄÂÛÊö£¬ÀýÈç977µÈ´¦¡£ÔÚÕâ·½Ãæ£¬ÏÔÈ»ÏóTrubekËùÑÔ£¬Î¤²®µÄ¹ÛµãÊDZȽÏÄ£ºýµÄ£¬²Î¼ûTrubek, ¡°Max Weber on Law and the rise of Capitalism¡±.

[ccliv][254] Ò¶Ê¿Å󣬡¶Å·ÖÞ·¨Ñ§Ê·µ¼ÂÛ¡·£¨ÂÀƽÒå¡¢ËÕ½¡Ò룬±±¾©£ºÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧ³ö°æÉ磬1998£©£¬136¡£

[cclv][255] Stephen Perry, ¡°Judicial Obligation, Precedent and the Common Law¡±, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, (1987) Vol.7, No.2, 2.

[cclvi][256]ÕâÀïÇ¿µ÷µÄÓ¢¹ú·¨ÖεÄÌØµã£¬ÓëŦÂüµÄÂÛÊöÓкܴó¾àÀë¡£ÓÐЩ´ó½ѧÕßÒ²×¢Òâµ½ÕâÒ»µã£¬Ö¸³öÓ¢¹úµÄ¡°·¨ÖΡ±Óë˾·¨³ÌÐòÓиüÃÜÇеĹØÏµ£¬²Î¼ûR. C. Van Caenegem, ¡°The ¡®Rechtsstaat¡¯ in Historical Perspective¡±, in Legal History, 185.

[cclvii][257] ÓÐ¹ØÆÕͨ·¨ÓëÖÐÊÀ¼Í·¨ÂÉ£¬ÌرðÊǷ⽨·¨Ö®¼äµÄ¹ØÏµ£¬·¨ÂÉʷѧÕßÂÛÊöÉõ·á£¬ÀýÈçMurphy, ¡°The Oldest Social Sciences?¡±Ç¿µ÷£¬ÆÕͨ·¨µ®ÉúÓÚÖÐÊÀ¼ÍµÄ³ÌÐò£¬ÔÚ17ÊÀ¼Íµì¶¨ÁËÆä´«Í³µÄºËÐÄ¡£

[cclviii][258] ¹þÀÕÖ¸³ö£¬ÆÕͨ·¨³ä³â×ųÌÐò·½ÃæµÄ¸÷ÖÖÐÎʽ»òÒÇʽ¡£Hale, The History of the Common Law of England,17£¬²¢²Î¼û±¾ÎĵÚËIJ¿·ÖµÄÏà¹ØÂÛÊö¡£ [cclix][259] ¡°´Ó·¨ÂÉ·¢Õ¹µÄ³ö·¢µãÀ´¿´£¬ÒÇʽÖ÷ÒåµÄ¹¦ÄÜÔÚÓÚʵÏÖ³éÏó£¬ÔÚÓÚ·¨ÂÉÐÎʽµÄÏêϸ¹æ¶¨ºÍ½ÇÉ«ÖÐÁ¢»¯¡£ÕâÖÖ·¨ÂÉÐÎʽÖð½¥¶ÀÁ¢ÓÚÇé¾³£¬¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÒ»¸öÇé¾³×ªÒÆµ½ÁíÒ»¸öÇé¾³£¬²¢ÇÒ×÷ΪÐÎʽ£¬¿ÉÒÔÍÑÀë³åÍ»¡±£¬Luhmann, A Sociological Theory of Law, 125.

[cclx][260] Gunther Teubner, ¡°Substantive and Reflexive Elements in Modern Law¡±, Law & Society Review, Vol.17, No.2 (1983), 246ff.

[cclxi][261] ³ÌÐò»¯ÓëÐÎʽ»¯µÄÇø±ð£¬¾ÍÔÚÓÚÆäÖÐÉæ¼°µÄ¡°·´Éí¡±Ò⺭£¬²Î¼ûTeubner, ¡°Substantive and Reflexive Elements in Modern Law¡±, 250-1£¬ÒÔ¼°È«Îĸ÷´¦¡£

[cclxii][262] ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ˵£¬¿Â¿ËÅоöÀíÓɵĺËÐÄ£¬¼ÈûÓÐÃ÷È·³«µ¼Ë¾·¨Éó²éµÄѧ˵£¬Ò²²¢·ÇÒ»ÖÖµ±´úÒâÒåÉϵÄÏÜÕþÖ÷ÒåÕß¡£²Î¼ûStoner, Common Law and Liberal Theory, 29.

[cclxiii][263] ÕâÓë×ÔÈ»·¨ÕÜѧ¼ÒËùνµÄ¡°²»¿É±äµÄ×ÔÈ»·¨¡±Ïà¶Ô£¬Cromartie, Sir Matthew Hale, 31.

[cclxiv][264] ÔÚÒÔÍùµÄһЩ·ÖÎöÖУ¬Ñ§ÕßҪôƲ¿ªÕâÖÖÀíÐÔÀ´Ñ°ÇóijÖÖ¡°¸ß¼¶·¨¡±µÄºÛ¼££¬¹Ø×¢Ó¢¹ú·¨Öеĸ÷ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄ¼ÛÖµ£¬ÓÃÒ»ÖÖÊܵ½Á¢·¨ÀíÐÔÇ¿ÁÒÓ°ÏìµÄ˼·À´¿´´ýÆÕͨ·¨µÄ˾·¨ÀíÐÔ£»ÒªÃ´ÎÞÊÓÕâÖÖÀíÐÔÔÚÐÄÖǺÍÖÆ¶ÈÉϵÄÖØÒª×÷Óã¬Ö±½Ó·ÖÎöÓ¢¹ú·¨±³ºóµÄÒâʶÐÎ̬Ч¹û¡£Ì×ÓùþÌØµÄ˵·¨£¬ÎÒÃǵ¹¿ÉÒÔ˵ÕâÖÖ¶ÔÆÕͨ·¨µÄ½âÊÍ£¬ÒªÃ´ÊÇ°ÑÆÕͨ·¨¿´×÷ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¡°¸ß¹óµÄÃÎÏ롱£¨noble dream£©£¬ÒªÃ´ÊÇ´Á´©ÕâÖÖ¡°¸ß¹óµÄ»ÑÑÔ¡±£¨noble lie£©£¬½«ÆÕͨ·¨¿´×÷ÊÇÒ»³¡¡°¶ñÃΡ±£¨nightmare£©¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ÓëÆä˵¿Â¿ËµÄÂÛÊö·´Ó³ÁËÆÕͨ·¨Öеġ°¸ß¼¶·¨¡±ÒòËØ£¬µ¹²»ÈçÓø»ÀյĻ°Ëµ£¬ÊÇijÖÖ¡°µÍ¼¶·¨¡±£¬²Î¼ûLon Fuller, The Morality of Law, 96£»²¢²Î¼û99ff¶Ô¿Â¿Ëѧ˵µÄ³ÌÐòÒ⺭µÄÌÖÂÛ¡£

[cclxv][265]ÓëNeumannµÄ¹Ûµã²»Í¬£¬²Î¼ûNeumann, The Rule of Law, 183.

[cclxvi][266] Fuller, The Morality of Law, 166.

[cclxvii][267] °¢µÙÑÇ£¬¡¶·¨ÂÉÓëÏÖ´úÉç»á¡·£¬144¡£

[cclxviii][268] ²Î¼ûSimpsonµÄÌÖÂÛ£¬¾¡¹ÜËû½«ÆÕͨ·¨µÈͬÓÚϰ¹ß·¨£¬Ò²Í¬ÑùÁ÷ÓÚ¼òµ¥»¯, ¡°The Common Law and Legal Theory¡±, 84ff.

[cclxix][269] תÒý×ÔCross and Harris, Precedent in English Law, 32-3.

[cclxx][270] ´ÓÆÕͨ·¨µÄ·¨ÂÉ·¢Õ¹Ê·À´¿´£¬ÕâÒ»µãÓëÓ¢¹úÔçÆÚµÄ¶àÔª·¨ÂÉÖÆ¶È¡¢·â½¨·¨Âɱ³¾°ÒÔ¼°¾ßÌåµÄÁî×´ÖÆ¶ÈµÄ·¢Õ¹Óйء£

[cclxxi][271] תÒý×ÔPostema, Bentham and the Common Law Tradition, 71-4.

[cclxxii][272] Luhmann, A Sociological Theory of Law, 48.

[cclxxiii][273] Luhmann, ¡°The Self-Reproduction of Law and Its Limits¡±, in Essays on Self-reference (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990), 229ff.

[cclxxiv][274] Lon Fuller, Anatomy of the Law (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1968), 106.

[cclxxv][275] Τ²®£¬¡¶Ð½ÌÂ×ÀíÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡·£¬88¡£

[cclxxvi][276] Van CaenegemÈÏΪ£¬ÆÕͨ·¨ÌØÊâÐÔÀ´×ÔÆäÐγɽ׶ζÀÌØµÄÀúʷʱ»ú£¬¼´ÆÕͨ·¨µÄÐγÉʱÆÚ½Ï´ó½·¨Âɵġ°ÏÖ´ú»¯¡±ÒªÉÔÔ磬¶øÕâʱÂÞÂí·¨µÄ¸´ÐËÔ˶¯¸Õ¸Õ¿ªÊ¼£¬Éв»ÄÜÌṩ³ÉÊìµÄ¡°½ÌÊÚ¡±·¨Ä£Ê½ÒÔ¹©ÀûÓá£Òò´Ë£¬Ó¢¹ú²»µÃ²»ÀûÓÃ×ÔÉíµÄÁ¦Á¿À´ËÜÔìÒ»ÖÖ¡°ÆÕͨ·¨¡±¡£ ´ÓijÖÖÒâÒåÉϽ²£¬ÕâÒ»ÂÛÊöÊÇÎÒÃÇÕâÀïÃèÊöµÄÓ¢¹ú¹ú¼ÒÃæ¶ÔµÄÖÎÀíÎÊÌâÓëÖÎÀí¼¼ÊõÖ®¼äµÄ¡°²î¾à¡±µÄÒ»¸ö·½Ãæ¡£²Î¼ûCaenegem, The Birth of the English Common Law , chap.4£»Óë±¾ÎĵĿ´·¨²»Í¬£¬CaenegemÈÏΪÕâÒ»ÌØÊâÐÔ£¬²»ÄÜ´ÓÉç»áѧµÄ½Ç¶È¼ÓÒÔ½âÊÍ£¬¶ø±¾ÎÄÈÏΪ£¬ÕâǡǡÊÇÒ»¸öÉç»áѧÎÊÌâ¡£²Î¼ûCaenegem, ¡°Max Weber: Historian and Sociologist¡±, 212-4.

[cclxxvii][277] Ò¶Ê¿Å󣬡¶Å·ÖÞ·¨Ñ§Ê·µ¼ÂÛ¡·£¬83£­90¡£

[cclxxviii][278] R. C. Van Caenegem, The Birth of the English Common Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988),23ff¡£µÂ¡¢·¨¶¼ÊÇÔÚ18£­19ÊÀ¼Í£¬Í¨¹ýÂÞÂí·¨µÄ¼ÌÊܹý³Ì£¬½èÖúËùν½ÌÊÚ·¨£¬±à×ëÁËÃñ×å·¨ÒâÒåÉϵ퍵䡣ÕâÓëΤ²®µÄÂÛÊöÊÇÒ»ÖµģºWeber, Economy and Society, 865ff.

[cclxxix][279]Caenegem, The Birth of the English Common Law , 88.

[cclxxx][280] ÓйØÓ¢¹ú·¨ÂÉ·¢Õ¹µÄ¡°ÌØÊâÐÔ¡±£¨ÕýÊÇÕâÖÖÀúÊ·ÌØÊâÐÔµÞÔìÁËΤ²®ÑÛÖÐÓ¢¹ú·¨µÄ¡°ÀíÂÛ¡±ÌØÊâÐÔ£©£¬²Î¼ûJohn Hudson, The Formation of the English Common Law (London: Longman, 1996), 233ff.

[cclxxxi][281] S. F. C. Milsom, Historical Foundations of the Common Law (London: Butterworths, 1981), 11-23.

[cclxxxii][282] ÓйعúÍõµÄÁ½¸öÉíÌåµÄÂÛÊö£¬²Î¼ûE. Kantorowicz, The King¡¯s two Bodies: A Study in Mediaeval Political Theology (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957).

[cclxxxiii][283] ÒÔÏÂÓйء°½ðȸ»¨¸Ä¸ï¡±µÄÂÛÊö£¬Ö÷Òª²Î¿¼ÁËHudsonµÄÑо¿£¬²Î¼ûHudson, The Formation of the English Common Law, chap.5.

[cclxxxiv][284] Ѳ»Ø·¨Í¥¶ÔµØ·½ÐÐÕþÊÂÎñ½øÐеġ°Ë¾·¨¡±Éó²é»î¶¯£¬Í»³ö±íÏÖÁËÆÕͨ·¨×÷ΪһÖÖÖÎÀí¹¤¾ßµÄÌØµã£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÔÚÆÕͨ·¨µÄÔçÆÚÐγɽ׶Σ¬ÐÐÕþÓë˾·¨»î¶¯µÄ½áºÏ¡£²Î¼ûMurphy, ¡°The Oldest Social Sciences?¡±, 199; J. H. Baker, An Introduction to English Legal History (London: Butterworths, 1990), 19.

[cclxxxv][285]Baker, An Introduction to English Legal History£¬15.

[cclxxxvi][286] Caenegem, The Birth of the English Common Law , 33¡£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬´Ó·â½¨ÖÎÀíµÄÂß¼­À´¿´£¬¹úÍõ²¢Ã»ÓÐÄÜÁ¦£¬Ò²ÎÞÒâÈ¡ÏûÆäËü·¨ÔºµÄ˾·¨¹ÜϽȨ¡£¶øÇÒ´ÓÖÎÀíÓëÏÜÕþµÄ¶·ÕùÀ´¿´£¬Ëæ×ÅÍÆÐС°ÆÕͨ·¨¡±µÄÍõÊÒ·¨ÔºÖð½¥ÑݱäΪ¹úÁ¢·¨Ôº£¨national court£©£¬²¢¾ßÓÐÔ½À´Ô½Ç¿µÄ×ÔÖ÷ÐÔ£¬¹úÍõ·´¶ø¿ÉÄÜ»á½èÖú½Ì»á·¨Í¥µÈÁ¦Á¿À´ÓëÖ®¿¹ºâ£¨ÀýÈç´ó·¨¹Ù·¨ÔºÓëÐÇÊÒ·¨Ôº£©¡£ÕâÖÖÔÚ¸´ÔÓµÄ˾·¨¹ÜϽȨ»®·ÖµÄÇé¿öÏÂÐγɵĶàÔª·¨Âɸñ¾Ö£¬¾ßÓÐÍ»³öµÄÖÐÊÀ¼Í·¨ÍÅÖÈÐòµÄÌØµã£¬ÊÇÓ¢¹ú·¨ÊÜÖÐÊÀ¼ÍÖî¶àÖÆ¶È³Ö¾ÃÓ°ÏìµÄÓÖÒ»ÀýÖ¤£¬ÕâÒ»µãÖ±µ½Çå½Ì¸ïÃü£¬ÉõÖÁ18ÊÀ¼Í²ÅÓÐÁ˽ϴóµÄ±ä»¯¡£²Î¼ûBurgess, Absolute Monarchy and The Stuart Constitution,chap.5.

[cclxxxvii][287] C. W. Brooks, ¡°The Common Lawyers in England: c.1558-1642¡±, in Wilfred Prest ed. Lawyers in Early Modern Europe and America (London: Croom Helm, 1981) 42.

[cclxxxviii][288] µ±È»£¬ÔÚÕâ·½Ãæ£¬Ó¢¹ú·¨Óë´ó½·¨µÄ²îÒ죬³ýÁËÓ¢¹ú·¨ÔçÆÚ·¢Õ¹µÄÀúÊ·ÌØµãÍ⣬ҲÓëÓëÓ¢¹ú·¨Æ«ÖØ¡°Ë½·¨¡±µÄÇãÏòÓйء£ÔçÆÚÍõÊÒ·¨Ôº´¦ÀíµÄ·¨Âɰ¸¼þÖ÷ÒªÊÇÎ§ÈÆÍÁµØÕ¼ÓÐȨ·½ÃæµÄ´óÁ¿¾À·×£¬Òò´Ë£¬Õû¸öÆÕͨ·¨µÄ·¨ÂÉÀíÐÔÊܵ½ÁË˽·¨µÄ·¨Âɼ¼ÊõÓëÀíÐÔµÄÇ¿ÁÒÓ°Ïì¡£´Ó±È½ÏµÄ½Ç¶ÈÀ´¿´£¬Ó¢¸ñÀ¼ÕâÖÖÎ§ÈÆË½·¨ÎÊÌâ½øÐеÄ˾·¨ÖÎÀíµÄ·½Ê½£¬Ê¹Ó¢¸ñÀ¼µÄ¡°·¨ÖΡ±Óëŷ½ǿµ÷¹«·¨ÌåϵµÄ¡°·¨ÖΡ±Óкܴó²î±ð¡£Ò²ÐíÕýÊdzöÓÚÕâÒ»µã£¬Ó¢¹ú·¨µÄʷѧ¼Ò²ÅÇ¿µ÷¡°ÍÁµØ·¨¡±×÷ΪËùνӢ¹ú×ÔÓɵĻù´¡µÄÖØÒªÐÔ¡£ÓÐ¹ØÆÕͨ·¨×÷ΪһÖÖ¡°Ë½·¨¡±ÎªºËÐĵÄÖÎÀí¡£²Î¼ûStephen Perry, ¡°Judicial Obligation, Precedent and the Common Law¡±, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 1987, Vol.7, No.2: 218£»Âí¿ËÒ¢£¬¡¶Ó¢¹ú·â½¨Éç»áÑо¿¡·£¨±±¾©£º±±¾©´óѧ³ö°æÉ磬1992£©£¬124£¬¼°µÚ8Õ¡£

[cclxxxix][289] S. F. C. Milsom, ¡°Reason in the development of the Common law¡±, in Studies in the History of the Common Law(London: the Hambledon Press, 1985), 150.

[ccxc][290] Caenegem, The Birth of the English Common Law , 17-9; Paul Brand, The Origins of the English Legal Profession (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992), 23.

[ccxci][291] Caenegem, The Birth of the English Common Law , 34.

[ccxcii][292] Baker, An Introduction to English Legal History£¬21ff.

[ccxciii][293] Âí¿ËÒ¢£¬¡¶Ó¢¹ú·â½¨Éç»áÑо¿¡·£¬12£»Caenegem, The Birth of the English Common Law, 11£»Milsom, ¡°Reason in the development of the Common Law¡±, 154ff.

[ccxciv][294] Sugarman, ¡°Law, Economy and the State in England, 1750-1914: Some Major Issues¡±, 216.

[ccxcv][295] Τ²®Ò²ÒþÔ¼µØÌáµ½ÁËÕâÒ»²î±ð¶ÔÁ½ÖÖ·¨ÂÉÖÆ¶ÈµÄÓ°Ï죬²Î¼ûTreiber, ¡°¡®Elective Affinities' between Weber's Sociology of Religion and Sociology of Law", 835-8.

[ccxcvi][296] Hudson, The Formation of the English Common Law, 142.

[ccxcvii][297]²Î¼ûBaker, An Introduction to English Legal History, chap.4; Caenegem, The Birth of the English Common Law, chap.2.

[ccxcviii][298] Caenegem, The Birth of the English Common Law, 39, 41.

[ccxcix][299] Baker, An Introduction to English Legal History, 63.

[ccc][300] Milsom, Historical Foundations of the Common Law, 60.

[ccci][301] Baker, An Introduction to English Legal History, 67.

[cccii][302] Baker, An Introduction to English Legal History, 84ff.

[ccciii][303] Milsom, ¡°Law and Fact in Legal Development¡±, in Studies in the History of the Common Law, 171ff.

[ccciv][304] Baker, An Introduction to English Legal History, 86ff.

[cccv][305] John M. Mitnick, ¡°From Neighbor-Witness to Judge of Proofs: the Transformation of the English Civil Jurors¡±, American Journal of Legal History Vol.32, No.3 (1981), 201-35.

[cccvi][306] Sir John DaviesÓתÒý×ÔSommerville, Politics and Ideology in England.1603-1640, 89-90.

[cccvii][307] µ±È»ÁíÒ»¸öÖØÒªµÄÒ⺭ÊÇÆÕͨ·¨ÊdzÌÐòÖÐÐĵķ¨ÂÉ£¬²Î¼ûHale, The History of the Common Law of England, 16ff.

[cccviii][308] ²Î¼ûThe Prince and the Law, 1200-1600: Sovereignty and Rights in the Western Legal Tradition (Berkeley: The University of California Press, 1993).²»¹ý£¬×÷Õß²¢Î´¿¼ÂÇÁ¢·¨ÀíÐÔÓë˾·¨ÀíÐÔÁ½ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄÇãÏòÖ®¼äµÄÕÅÁ¦µÄ¹ØÏµ£¬¶øÕâÒ»¡°ÓÐÒâµÄ¡±ºöÊÓʹËûÔËÓÃÁ˵±´úÆÕͨ·¨µÄ˾·¨ÀíÐÔÀ´Àí½âŷ½Öî¶à´øÓÐÍ»³öÁ¢·¨ÀíÐÔÇãÏòµÄѧ˵£¬È粩µ¤£¨Jean Bodin£©¡£¶øÕâÒ»Çø±ð£¬¶ÔÓÚÎÒÃÇÀí½âÆÕͨ·¨µÄ³ÌÐò¼¼ÊõµÄÉç»áÀíÂÛÒ⺭£¬¾ßÓзdz£ÖØÒªµÄÒâÒå¡£

[cccix][309] Milsom, ¡°The Nature of Blackstone¡¯s Achievement¡±, 207£»Ò¶Ê¿ÅóÖ¸³ö£¬Ëùν¡°ÂÞÂí·¨¡±ÓëÃñ·¨µÄ¡°µÂ¹úʽµÄϵͳ»¯¡±µÄ·¨ÂÉÎÄ»¯Óкܴó²îÒ죬ǰÕßÊÇÇ¿µ÷¡°¹«ÕýÄËÊÇÒ»¸ö¾ßÌå°¸ÀýµÄÊʵ±½â¾ö¡±£¬ÈÏΪ·¨ÂÉÊÇÒ»ÖÖʵ¼ù֪ʶ£»¡°·¨Æäʵ½öÊǶøÒÑ£¬ÆäÄÚÈÝÓëËßËÏ·¨ÎªÖÐÐÄ¡±¡£ÕâЩ¡°ÂÞÂí·¨¡±µÄ·¨ÂÉÎÄ»¯ÌØÕ÷£¬ÓëÎÒÃÇÕâÀï¸ÅÀ¨µÄÆÕͨ·¨µÄ˾·¨ÀíÐÔ£¬ºÁÎÞ¶þÖ¡£²Î¼ûÒ¶Ê¿Å󣬡¶Å·ÖÞ·¨Ñ§Ê·µ¼ÂÛ¡·£¬68£­70¡£

[cccx][310] William Bouwsma, ¡°Lawyers and Early Modern Culture¡±, American Historical Review (1973)78: 303-27.

[cccxi][311] ÀýÈçSommerville, Politics and Ideology in England.1603-1640, 86.

[cccxii][312] ÀýÈ磬ÍõÊÒ·¨ÔºËßËϱز»¿ÉÉÙµÄÁî×´£¬´Ó12ÊÀ¼ÍÄ©µ½14ÊÀ¼Í³õ£¬ÊýÄ¿¾Í·­ÁËÈý·¬ÒÔÉÏ¡£

[cccxiii][313] Caenegem, The Birth of the English Common Law ,19ff.

[cccxiv][314] Wilfrid Prest, ¡°lawyer¡±, in Wilfrid Prest ed. The Profession in Early Modern England(London: Croom Helm, 1982), 69.

[cccxv][315] Prest±àµÄÁ½±¾ÊéÖж¼°üº¬Á˶ÔÓ¢¹úÂÉʦ½ç¹æÄ£µÄ¹À¼Æ£¬²Î¼ûLawyers in Early Modern Europe and America£»The Profession in Early Modern England.

[cccxvi][316] J. A. Pocock, The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law, chap.2.

[cccxvii][317] Simpson, ¡°The Common Law and Legal Theory¡±,

[cccxviii][318] Pocock, The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law, 41.

[cccxix][319] John Reid, ¡° The Jurisprudence of Liberty¡±, in Ellis Sandoz ed. The Roots of Liberty (Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1993), 147-231.

[cccxx][320] Gray, ¡°Editor¡¯s Introduction¡±, xx.

[cccxxi][321] Gray, ¡°Editor¡¯s Introduction¡±, xiv.

[cccxxii][322] Sommerville, Politics and Ideology in England.1603-1640, 90.

[cccxxiii][323] Reid, ¡° The Jurisprudence of Liberty¡±.ÔÚÆäÖУ¬ReidÌá¼°£¬¡°ÂÉʦ²»ÊÇÕþÖÎÀíÂÛ¼Ò£¬µ«ÕþÖÎÀíÂÛÒ²²»ÊÇ·¨ÂÉ£¬ÖÁÉÙ²»ÊÇÆÕͨ·¨¡±, 227.

[cccxxiv][324] Brooks, ¡°The Common Lawyers in England: c.1558-1642¡±,54.

[cccxxv][325] Sommerville, Politics and Ideology in England.1603-1640, 86-7.

[cccxxvi][326] J. H. Baker, ¡°The English Legal Profession: 1450-1550¡±, in Prest ed. Lawyers in Early Modern Europe and America, 34-5.

[cccxxvii][327] Óйء°ÎÄѧÕþÖΡ± ÕâÒ»¡°ÍпËά¶ûÃüÌ⡱µÄÂÛÊö£¬²Î¼ûÍпËά¶û£¬¡¶¾ÉÖÆ¶ÈÓë´ó¸ïÃü¡·£¬·ëÌÄÒ루±±¾©£ºÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý£¬1992£©£¬174£­183¡£ÒÔ¼°±ÊÕßÔÚ¡°³éÏóÉç»á¡±Öжԡ°ÒâʶÐÎ̬ÕþÖΡ±µÄÌÖÂÛ¡£

[cccxxviii][328] תÒý×ÔHill, Change and Continuity in 17th Century England, 152.

[cccxxix][329] ²Î¼ûCromartieµÄ¼òÃ÷ÌÖÂÛ£¬Alan Cromartie, ¡°The Rule Of Law¡±, in John Morrill ed. Revolution and Restoration: England in the 1650s (London: Collins and Brown, 1992), 55-69.

[cccxxx][330] ²¼À³¿Ë˹ͨµÄ¡¶Ó¢¹ú·¨ÊÍÒå¡·Ö®ËùÒÔ²úÉúÁ˹㷺µÄÓ°Ï죬ÕýÊÇÒòΪËüÕë¶ÔµÄÊÇÆÕͨÈË£¬¶øÏàÓ¦À´Ëµ£¬±ßÇßµÄÀíÂÛÈ´ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÃû¸±ÆäʵµÄ¡°Á¢·¨ÕߵĿÆÑ§¡±¡£±ßÇߣ¬¡¶Õþ¸®Æ¬ÂÛ¡·£¬²¢²Î¼ûMilsom, ¡°The Nature of Blackstone¡¯s Achievement¡±.

[cccxxxi][331] ÍпËά¶û£¬¡¶¾ÉÖÆ¶ÈÓë´ó¸ïÃü¡·£¬181¡£

[cccxxxii][332] Christopher Hill, Intellectual Origin of the English Revolution, Revisted (Oxford: Clarendon, 1997), 204.

[cccxxxiii][333] ÒÔϵÄÀúÊ·ÊÂʵ£¬²Î¼ûHill, Intellectual Origin of the English Revolution, 205ff.

[cccxxxiv][334] ÖµµÃ×¢ÒâµÄÊÇ£¬¼´Ê¹Åà¸ùµÄ·½°¸£¬Ò²²»ÊÇÏóºóÀ´µÄ±ßÇßÒ»Ñù£¬Ï£Íûͨ¹ý¡°¹«Àí»¯¡±ÊµÏÖ¡°·¨µä»¯¡±£¬½¨¹¹Ò»ÖÖÏó´ó½µÄ¡°½ÌÊÚ·¨¡±Ò»ÑùµÄ¡°Êé±¾·¨ÂÉ¡±£¨text-law£©£¬ËûµÄÕâЩ¹«Àí£¬¸ü¶àÊÇΪ·¨ÂɽÌÓý·þÎñ¡£²Î¼ûSimpson, Legal Theory and Legal History, 285-6.

[cccxxxv][335] Matthew Hale, ¡°Preface¡±in Henry Rolle, Un Abridgement des Plusieurs Cases et Resolutions del Common Ley(London: 1688), תÒý×ÔGlenn Burgess, Absolute Monarchy and The Stuart Constitution(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996), 137.

[cccxxxvi][336] ÓйØÅ·ÖÞ¡°17ÊÀ¼Í×ÜΣ»ú¡±£¬²Î¼û¡°ÂÛ³éÏóÉç»á¡±ÖеÄÌÖÂÛ£¬7Ò³ÒÔÏ¡£

[cccxxxvii][337] Patrick Collinson, The Elizabathan Puritan Movement (London: Methuen, 1967)£» ÓйØÓ¢¹ú×ڽ̸ĸïÔ˶¯£¬ÐÞÕýʷѧ¡°Ð´¡±³öÁ˸üΪ¸´ÔÓµÄÀúʷͼ¾°£¬²Î¼ûTyackeµÄ×ÛÊö£ºNicholas Tyacke, ¡°Introduction¡± to England¡¯s Long Revolution 1500-1800 (London: OCL Press, 1998), 1-32.

[cccxxxviii][338] Peter White, ¡°The Via Media in the Early Stuart Church¡±, in Margot Todd ed. Reformation to Revolution: Politics and Religion in Early Modern England (London: Routledge, 1995), 80.

[cccxxxix][339] White, ¡°The Via Media in the Early Stuart Church¡±, 79-94.

[cccxl][340] Daniel Little, Religion, Order, and Law: A Study in Pre-Revolutionary England (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1970), chap. 4.

[cccxli][341] Walter TraversÓ²Î¼ûLittle, Religion, Order, and Law, 114.

[cccxlii][342] William PerkinsÓLittle, Religion, Order, and Law, 115, 117.

[cccxliii][343] Little, Religion, Order, and Law, chap.3.

[cccxliv][344] J. C. Davis, ¡°Religion and the Struggle for Freedom in the English Revolution¡±, The Historical Journal, 35, 2(1992), 507-30.

[cccxlv][345] Little, Religion, Order, and Law, 101.

[cccxlvi][346] ½üÀ´ÐÞÕýʷѧ¼Ò¿ªÕ¹µÄÐí¶àµØ·½Ê·Ñо¿£¬Ö¤Ã÷ÁËÕâÒ»µãµÄÖØÒªÐÔ¡£ÀýÈçW. J. Sheils, ¡°Erecting the Discipline in Provincial England¡±, in James Kirk ed. Humanism and Reform: The Church in Europe, England and Scotland 1400-1643 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991), 331-45.

[cccxlvii][347] Davis, ¡°Religion and the Struggle for Freedom in the English Revolution¡±.

[cccxlviii][348] John Coffey, ¡°Puritanism and Liberal Revisited¡±, The Historical Journal, 41, 4(1998), 985.

[cccxlix][349] ²Î¼ûZagorin·Ç³£¾«²ÊµÄÑо¿: Perez Zagorin, Ways of Lying: Dissimulation, Persecution, and Conformity in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1990), chap.9.

[cccl][350] Ned Lukacher, Daemonic Figures: Shakespear and the Question of Conscience(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994), 13.²»¹ý£¬LukacherÔÚ´Ë´¦£¬Ã»Óгä·Ö¿¼ÂÇÔÚÓ¢¹úµÄÌìÖ÷½Ì¡°Á¼Öª¡±Ñ§ËµµÄ¸´ÔÓÐÔ¡£

[cccli][351] Little, Religion, Order, and Law, 143.

[ccclii][352] Little, Religion, Order, and Law, 153.

[cccliii][353] Alexander D¡¯Entreves, The Medieval Contribution to Political Thought (New York: The Humanities Press, 1959), 111.

[cccliv][354] Saunders, Anti-Lawyers, chap.2¡£ÕâÒ»¹ÛÄîÏÔÈ»ÓëÎÒÃÇÇ°ÃæÌáµ½µÄÖÐÊÀ¼ÍµÄ·¨ÍÅÖÎÀíģʽÓйأ¬²Î¼ûKantorowicz, The King¡¯s two Bodies .

[ccclv][355] ÔÚ±¾ÎÄÖУ¬²»¿ÉÄÜÉîÈëÌÖÂÛ¾­ÔºÕÜѧÖÐconscientiaÓësynderesisÁ½¸ö¸ÅÄîÖ®¼äµÄ΢ÃîÇø·Ö£¬¾¡¹ÜÕâÒ»Çø±ð¶ÔÓÚÎÒÃÇÕâÀï̽Ìֵġ°Á¼ÖªµÄÖÎÀí¡±µÄÎÊÌâÓзdz£ÖØÒªµÄÒâÒå¡£²Î¼ûTimothy Potts, Conscience in Medieval Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), 12ff, 45ff.

[ccclvi][356] Doe, Fundamental Authority in Late Medieval English Law, chap.6ÌÖÂÛÆÕͨ·¨´«Í³Öеġ°Á¼Öª¡±¹ÛÄî¡£

[ccclvii][357] R. J. Schoeck, ¡°Strageties of Rhetoric in St.German¡¯s Doctor and Students¡±, in Richard Eales and David Sullivan ed. The Political Context of Law (London: Hambledon, 1987), 82.

[ccclviii][358] ÃÀ¹úÖøÃûÉç»áѧ¼ÒÄɶûÑ·ÔÚ70Äê´úÔçÆÚ¾Í×¢Òâµ½¡°Á¼Öª¡±Öƶȵı仯£¬¶ÔÓÚÎ÷·½ÎÄÃ÷Ê·Óë±È½ÏÎÄÃ÷Ñо¿µÄÖØÒªÒâÒå¡£ÔÚһƪ²»Ì«ÎªÈË×¢ÒâµÄÎÄÕÂÖУ¬ÄɶûÑ·Ö¸³ö£¬¾öÒÉÊõÕâÖÖ¡°»òÈ»ÐÔµÄ֪ʶ¡±¶ÔÔçÆÚÏÖ´úÐÄÖÇÓзdz£ÖØÒªµÄÓ°Ï죬ֻÊÇÔÚ×ڽ̸ĸïÓë¿ÆÑ§¸ïÃüÖ®ºó£¬¶ÔÈ·¶¨ÐÔµÄ×·Çó²Å¸Ä±äÁËÕâÒ»µã£¬Ëû»¹½«ÕâÒ»¶´¼ûÓëΤ²®µÄ¡°Ð½ÌÂ×ÀíÃüÌ⡱ÁªÏµÔÚÒ»ÆðÌÖÂÛ¡£²Î¼ûBenjamin Nelson, ¡°Conscience and the Making of Early Modern Culture: the Protestant Ethics beyond Max Weber¡±, Sociological Review (1969) Vol.36: 4-21.

[ccclix][359] ²Î¼ûThomas¶Ô½üÀ´Ï൱ʢÐеġ°¾öÒÉÊõ¡±Ñо¿µÄ×ܽáÐÔµÄÂÛÊö£¬Keith Thomas, ¡°Cases of Conscience in 17th Century¡±, in John Morrill et al ed. Public Duty and Private Conscience in 17th Century England (London: Clarendon, 1994), 29-56¡£²»¹ý´ÓΤ²®µÄÊÓ½ÇÀ´¿´£¬¡°»òÈ»ÐÔ¡±Óë¡°È·¶¨ÐÔ¡±Ö®Çø·Ö£¬ÊµÎªÌìÖ÷½Ì£¬ÉõÖÁ·µÂ×ÚÓëÑϸñµÄ¼Ó¶ûÎÄ×Ú¼°Çå½ÌͽÔÚÉú»î·ç¸ñ·½Ãæ×î¸ù±¾µÄ²îÒì¡£Ãæ¶ÔÂ×Àí£¬Ç°Õß²ÉÓüÆËã¼Ó×ÜÓë¶àÉÙÆ½ºâµÄ×ö·¨£¬¶øºóÕßÈ´²ÉÓÃÁËҪôÊÇ£¬ÒªÃ´²»ÊǵĺÁÎÞµ¯ÐÔµÄ̬¶È¡£²Î¼ûWeber, ¡°Anticritical Last Word on The Spirit of Capitalism¡±, 1115.

[ccclx][360] ¿ÉÒÔ˵£¬ÆÕͨ·¨ÊÇÏÖ´úÉç»áÖÐÕæÕý±£Áô¡°¾öÒÉÊõ¡±É«²ÊµÄÎ¨Ò»ÖØÒªÖÆ¶È¡£·Ç³£Òź¶£¬ÎÒÃDz»ÄÜÔÚÕâÀï½øÒ»²½ÌÖÂÛÕâÒ»ÎÊÌ⣬²Î¼ûCostas Douzinas, Justice Miscarried: Ethics and Aesthetics in Law (Harvester: Wheatsheaf, 1994), chap.3.

[ccclxi][361] תÒý×ÔZagorin, Ways of Lying, 191.

[ccclxii][362] ¡°indifferent¡±×÷Ϊ16¡¢17ÊÀ¼ÍÁ¼ÖªÓë·¨ÂɹÛÄîÖеÄÖØÒª¸ÅÄÓзdz£¸´Ôӵĺ­Ò壬

[ccclxiii][363] ÉÏÊöÓйØÉ£µÂÉ­Á¼ÖªË¼ÏëµÄÂÛÊö£¬²Î¼ûKevin T. Kelly, Conscience: Dictator or Guide? (London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1967), Chap.2.

[ccclxiv][364] תÒý×ÔLewis, ¡°Sir Edward Coke: His Theory of ¡®Artificial Reason¡¯ as a Context for Modern basic Legal Theory¡±, 337.

[ccclxv][365] Lewis, ¡°Sir Edward Coke: His Theory of ¡®Artificial Reason¡¯ as a Context for Modern basic Legal Theory¡±, 340ff¡£Õâһ˼Ïë¾ÍÊÇÎÒÃÇÇ°ÃæËù̽ÌֵįÕͨ·¨È¨ºâ¸÷ÖÖȨÀûʵ¼ù¼¼ÊõʱµÄÖ÷Òª¿¼ÂÇÒÀ¾Ý£¨ÀýÈçÀï¸ñ˹ËßÅÁ¶ûĬ°¸£©¡£

[ccclxvi][366] ÕâÀï¶ÔÆÕͨ·¨¡°Ï°¹ßÖÎÀí¡±µÄÂÛÊö£¬²Î¿¼ÁËTully¶ÔÂå¿ËµÄ¾«²ÊÑо¿¡£Èç¹û˵Âå¿ËʽµÄ¡°Ë¾·¨ÖÎÀí¡±È·ÊµÓë×ڽ̸ĸïÖî½ÌÅɵġ°Á¼ÖªÖÎÀí¡±²»Í¬£¬ÄÇǡǡÊÇÒòΪÆäÖÐÉøÍ¸ÁËÆÕͨ·¨µÄ˾·¨ÀíÐÔ¡£Ö»²»¹ý£¬Âå¿ËµÄÕâÖÖ¡°Ï°¹ßÖÎÀí¡±Ìí¼ÓÁ˱ßÇßʽµÄ¸£ÀûËãÊõºÍ18ÊÀ¼ÍÒÔºóµÄÐÔ¸ñÐÎËܵÄÎÊÌ⣬Õâ·½ÃæµÄ¸´ÔÓÎÊÌâÖ»ÄÜÁô¸øÒÔºó´¦Àí¡£²Î¼ûJames Tully, ¡°Governing Conduct¡±, in Edmund Leites ed. Conscience and Casuistry in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 12-71.

[ccclxvii][367] ¶Ô±È¿µµÂ£¬¡¶·¨µÄÐζøÉÏѧԭÀí£ºÈ¨ÀûµÄ¿ÆÑ§¡·£¨ÉòÊ寽Ò룬±±¾©£ºÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý£¬1997£©£¬45¡£

[ccclxviii][368] תÒý×ÔSaunders£¬Anti-Lawyers: Religion and the critics of law and State, 27.

[ccclxix][369] Hans Shilling, ¡°Confessionalization in the Empire: Religions and Societal Change in Germany Between 1555-1620¡±, in Religion, Political Culture, and Early Modern Society, 205-45£¬ÌرðÊÇ245¶Ô±ÈµÂ¹úÓëÓ¢ºÉµÄÇé¿ö¡£

[ccclxx][370] E.W.Bockenforde£¬×ªÒý×ÔH. Kleger/A. Muller£¬¡°¶àÊý¹²Ê¶¼´¹«Ãñ×ڽ̣¿ÂÛ×ÔÓÉ£­±£ÊØÖ÷Òå¹ú¼ÒÀíÂÛÖеÄÕþÖÎ×Ú½ÌÕÜѧ¡±£¬¡¶µÀ·ç£ºººÓïÉñѧѧ¿¯¡·£¬µÚ7ÆÚ£¨1997£©£¬53£­4¡£

[ccclxxi][371] Thomas,¡°Cases of Conscience in 17th Century¡±, 30.

[ccclxxii][372] Stephen Toulmin, Cosmopolis: The Hidden agenda of Modernity (New York: Free Press, 1990).

[ccclxxiii][373] °Ø¿Ë£¬¡¶·¨¹ú¸ïÃüÂÛ¡·£¬ºÎÕ×ÎäµÈÒ루±±¾©£ºÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý£¬1998£©£¬76¡£

[ccclxxiv][374] Weber, ¡°Anticritical Last Word on The Spirit of Capitalism¡±, 1124.

[ccclxxv][375] Weber, The Methodology of the Social Sciences, 55.

[ccclxxvi][376] Τ²®ÔÚ¡¶Ð½ÌÂ×ÀíÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡·ÖÐÓÐÒâ»Ø±ÜÁË¡°¼ÍÂÉ¡±µÄÎÊÌâºÍÏàÓ¦µÄÇå½ÌÂ×ÀíÔÚÕþÖÎÉϵÄÒ⺭£º¡°ÎÒÃÇÌØÒâ²»ÒÔÀúÊ·½Ï³¤µÄн̻̽áÕâÑùµÄ¿Í¹ÛÉç»áÖÆ¶È×÷ΪÎÒÃǵijö·¢µã£¬Ò²Ã»Óн«³ö·¢µã·ÅÔÚÆäÂ×ÀíµÀµÂÓ°ÏìÉÏ£¬¸üûÓзÅÔÚ¼«ÆäÖØÒªµÄ½Ì»á¼ÍÂÉÉÏ¡±£¬¡¶Ð½ÌÂ×ÀíÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡·£¬118£¬ÒëÎÄÂÔÓи͝¡£LittleÖ¸³öÁËÕâÒ»µã£¬µ«ËƺõûÓгä·ÖÒâʶµ½ÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâµÄÖØÒªÐÔ£¬Little, Religion, Order, and Law: A Study in Pre-Revolutionary England,26¡£Î¤²®ÔÚ1910ÄêÓëRachfahlÎ§ÈÆ¡¶Ð½ÌÂ×ÀíÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò徫Éñ¡·Õ¹¿ªµÄ¼¤ÁÒÕùÂÛÖУ¬Ëû¼òµ¥µØÌá¼°ÁËÕâÒ»µã£¬Ö¸³ö¡°½ÌÅÉ¡±¶ÔÓÚÃÀ¹úÃñÖ÷¾ßÓзdz£ÖØÒªµÄÒâÒå¡£ÔÚÒ»Õ½ºó£¬Ãæ¶ÔµÂ¹úÖØ½¨µÄÎÊÌ⣬ËûÉõÖÁ¸³ÓèÁËÕâÖÖ×ÔÔ¸¡¢ÅÅËûµÄÃÀ¹ú¡°½ÌÅÉ¡±Ä£Ê½ÒÔ¸üÎªÖØÒªµÄÒ⺭¡£´ÓijÖÖÒâÒåÉϽ²£¬Î¤²®ÕâÀﳫµ¼µÄÊÇÒ»ÖÖÌØÊâÐÎ̬µÄ×ÔÖ÷µÄ¹²Í¬Ì壬¼È²»Í¬ÓÚ¡°ÐÅÌõ»¯µÄ¹ú¼Ò¡±£¬Ò²²»Í¬ÓÚ¹ÂÁ¢µÄ¸öÈË¡£¶ÔÕâ·½ÃæÎÊÌâµÄÀí½â£¬ÈÔÓдý¸üÉîÈëµÄ̽ÌÖ¡£²Î¼ûWeber, ¡°Anticritical Last Word on The Spirit of Capitalism¡±,1118; Roth and Schluchter, Max Weber¡¯s Vision of History ,116.

[ccclxxvii][377] Max Weber, ¡°The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism¡±, in H.H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills ed. From Max Weber (London: Routledge, 1991), 302-22.

[ccclxxviii][378] ÆÕͨ·¨ÔÚÆõÔ¼£¨ºÏͬ£©Óë¡°ÇÖȨÐÐΪ¡±£¨tort£©·½ÃæµÄÀúÊ··¢Õ¹£¬·¨ÂÉʷѧÕßÂÛÊöÉõ¶à£¬ÀýÈçMilsom, ¡°Reason in the development of the Common Law¡±, 154ff; Baker, An Introduction to English Legal History, 27, 73-5, chap19.

[ccclxxix][379] Óйء°¼ùÐеÄÔ¤¶¨ÅÉ¡±Óë¡°½ÌÒåµÄÔ¤¶¨ÅÉ¡±£¨credal predestinarians£©µÄÇø·Ö£¬²Î¼ûPeter Lake, ¡°Calvinism and the English Church 1570-1635¡±, in Todd ed. Reformation to Revolution,183£­5.

[ccclxxx][380] Weber, Economy and Society, 593£»ÒÔ¼°¡°Öм䷴˼¡±£¬311ÒÔÏ¡£²»¹ýΤ²®²¢Î´ÏóºóÀ´µÂ¹úµÄÀúʷѧ¼ÒÄÇÑùÉîÈëÑо¿ÕâЩÈëÊÀ½ûÓûÖ÷ÒåµÄÏÖÊÀÕþÖÎÓ°Ïì¡£

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[ccclxxxv][385] Τ²®Ö¸³ö£¬ÏÖ´úÔçÆÚµÄ×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò岢ûÓвúÉúÓÚ ¿Æ²ãÀíÐÔ×î·¢´ïµÄ¹ú¶È£¬¶øÖ»ÊÇÔÚ½ñÌ졲ÕâÒ»¶ÎÂäдÓÚ1918Äê¨D¨DÒýÕß°´¡³£¬¿Æ²ãÖÆÓë×ʱ¾Ö÷Òå²Å½ôÃܵؽáºÏÔÚÒ»Æð¡£Weber, Political Writings, 149n.a.

[ccclxxxvi][386] Hale, " Sir Matthew Hale¡¯s Criticism on Hobbes¡¯s Dialogue of the Common Laws", 501.

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[ccclxxxix][389] ÅÁ˹¿¨¶û£¬¡¶Ë¼Ï뼡·£¨ºÎÕ×ÎäÒ룬±±¾©£ºÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý£¬1995£©£¬140£¬ÒëÎÄÂÔÓи͝¡£

[cccxc][390] Τ²®Õë¶Ô¡°¿ÆÑ§¡±£¨wissenschaft£©ÕâÒ»¡°ÌìÖ°¡±µÄÂÛÊö£¬ÒÔ¼°ËûÓйء°¼ÛÖµ×ÔÓÉ¡±£¬¿ÆÑ§Öеġ°¿Í¹ÛÐÔ¡±µÈÎÊÌâµÄ·ÖÎö£¬¿ÉÒÔÔÚÐí¶à·½Ãæ°ïÖúÎÒÃÇÀí½â·¨ÂÉÖ°ÒµÈËÊ¿µÄÂ×ÀíÀíÐÔ»¯ºÍ¸öÐÔÐÎËÜÓëÆÕͨÉç»á³ÉÔ±Â×ÀíÀíÐÔ»¯ºÍ¸öÐÔÐÎËÜÖ®¼äµÄ¸´ÔÓ¹ØÏµ¡£

[cccxci][391] Weber, Economy and Society, 601.

[cccxcii][392] Cromartie, Sir Matthew Hale.

[cccxciii][393]תÒý×ÔSaunders, Anti-Lawyers: Religion and the critics of law and State, 59.

[cccxciv][394] Cromartie, Sir Matthew Hale, 235.

[cccxcv][395] Charles Gray, ¡°Editor¡¯s Introduction¡±, xvi.

[cccxcvi][396] Fuller, The Principles of Social Order

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[cccxcviii][398] ´ÓÆÕͨ·¨µÄÀúÊ·À´¿´£¬°Ñ°¸¼þÌá½»¸øÉèÖÃÔÚÂ׶صÄÍõÊÒ·¨ÔºÀ´´¦Öã¬ÎÞÂÛ´Óʱ¼ä»¹ÊÇÊÕ·ÑÀ´Ëµ£¬±¾Éí¶¼ÊÇÒ»¸ö³É±¾¸ß°ºµÄÑ¡Ôñ£¬¸ü²»ÓÃ˵ÔÚʵ¼ùÖй㷺´æÔڵĸ÷ÖÖ¡°¸¯°Ü¡±ÏÖÏó£¨ÕâÒ»Çé¿öÖ±µ½17ÊÀ¼Í³õÆÚ¿Â¿ËÍÆ¶¯µÄ˾·¨¸Ä¸ï²ÅÓÐËù¸ÄÉÆ£©£¬ËùÒÔÍùÍùÖ»ÓÐÊ¿ÉðºÍ³ÇÊÐÖеÄÊÐÃñ¡°Ð¹ó¡±Äܹ»¸ºµ£ÕâÑùµÄ³É±¾¡£²»¹ýÈç¹û¾Í´ËÈÏΪ£¬ÆÕͨ·¨·â±Õ»¯µÄ·¨ÂÉÖ°Òµ£¬ÊÂÎñÂÉʦÓë³öÍ¥ÂÉʦ֮¼äµÄÇø·Ö£¬¸´ÔÓ¡¢ÉõÖÁ·³ËöµÄ·¨Âɼ¼Êõ£¬µ¼ÖÂÁË˾·¨ËßËÏ·ÑÓõÄÔö¼Ó£¬´Ó¶øÊ¹·¨ÂÉΪÉÙÊýÓÐÇ®ÈË·þÎñ£¬Õâ¹ÌÈ»²»´í£¬µ«È´ÄÑÃâÆ«ÆÄ¡£Ôڴ󽷨ϵÖУ¬ÀýÈçµÂ¹ú£¬±ÈÆðµØ·½Ï°¹ß·¨½â¾ö¾À·×µÄ°ì·¨£¬ÂÞÂí·¨Ò²Ò»Ñù±»¿´×÷ÊÇ´ú¼Û¸ß°ºµÄ¡°¾«Ó¢¡±·¨ÂÉ¡£ÕâÒ²Êǵ¹úѧÊõ½çºÍÕþÖν硰ÂÞÂíÅÉ¡±Óë¡°ÈÕ¶ûÂüÅÉ¡±ÕùÖ´µÄÒ»¸ö½¹µã¡£´ÓÕâ¸öÒâÒåÉÏÀ´¿´£¬Ò²ÐíÕâÀïÉæ¼°µÄÖ»²»¹ýÊÇÆÕ±éÖ÷ÒåµÄ¡°ÌØÊ⻯¡±½¨¹¹¹ý³ÌÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâ¡£ÔÚ·¨ÂÉ×ÔÖ÷ÐÔ¡¢ÆÕ±éÐÔÓ뾫ӢÖ÷ÒåʽµÄ²ÎÓëÐÔ½¨¹¹Ö®¼äµÄ¸´ÔÓ¹ØÏµ£¬±ÈÆðÉç»áÀíÂÛºÍÕþÖÎÕÜѧͨ³£µÄ¹ÛµãÒª¸´Ôӵöࡣµ±È»Õâ¸öÎÊÌâÐèÒªÁªÏµÏÖ´úÉç»áËùν¡°¹«ÃñȨ¡±£¨citizenship£©µÄ·¢Õ¹À´½øÒ»²½¼ÓÒÔ̽ÌÖ£¬ÕâÖ»ÄÜÁô´ý½«À´ÁË¡£

[cccxcix][399] µ±È»£¬ÕâÑùµÄ¡°ÆÕͨ·¨¡±ÄÜ·ñÕæÕýʵÏÖ´óÖÚ»¯£¬Ôò²¢·ÇÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄÎÊÌâ¡£´Ó˾·¨¹ÜÀíµÄÉç»áѧ½Ç¶ÈÀ´¿´£¬ÀýÐа¸¼þµÄÉóÀíÍùÍùÓë»ù²ã·¨ÔºÃæ¶ÔµÄÊýÁ¿¾Þ´óµÄ°¸¼þÓëʱ¼ä¡¢ÈËÁ¦µÈ·½ÃæµÄ±ß½çÔ¼ÊøÖ®¼äµÄ³åÍ»Óйأ¬ÕâÖÖ³åÍ»´øÀ´µÄ¾Þ´óѹÁ¦£¬ÔÚÆÕͨ·¨ÖÐÐγÉÁËÐí¶àÖØÒªµÄ³ÌÐò¹æÔò£¨ÈçÉÏËß·¨Ôº²»ÔÙ½ÓÊÜеÄÊÂʵ£©£¬ÕâЩ¶¼ÓëÏÈÀýÔ­ÔòÒ»Ñù£¬Ê¹ÆÕͨ·¨Ê¼ÖÕÃæ¶Ô¡°Ò»¹áÐÔ¡±¡¢Îȶ¨ÐÔÓëʵÖÊÕýÒ壬Õû¸ö·¨ÂÉÖÆ¶ÈµÄÕýÒåÓë¸ö±ð°¸ÀýµÄÕýÒåÖ®¼äµÄ½ôÕÅ£¬²»¹ýÕâÖÖ½ôÕÅ£¬ÊÇ·ñÄܹ»Í¨¹ý¡°Á¢·¨ÀíÐÔ¡±µÄ´ëÊ©À´¼ÓÒÔ»º½â£¬ÉÐÄÑ϶¨ÂÛ¡£ [cd][400] Ò®ÁÖ£¬¡°ÎªÈ¨Àû¶ø¶·Õù¡±£¬ºú±¦º£Ò룬ÁºåçÐÇÖ÷±à¡¶ÃñÉÌ·¨ÂÛ´Ô¡·£¬µÚ¶þ¾í£¬12¡£ÓйØÒ®ÁÖµÄÕâһ˼ÏëÓëΤ²®µÄ¼ÛÖµÀíÂ۵ĹØÏµ£¬²Î¼ûTurner and Factor, Max Weber: The Lawyer as Social Thinker, 55ff.

[cdi][401] ÕÔÏþÁ¦ÔÚËûÄÇÆª¼òµ¥µ«È´ÆÄÓÐÆô·¢ÐÔµÄÎÄÕÂÖÐ̽ÌÖÁËÃñ·¨´«Í³ÖС°Í¨¹ý·¨µÄÖÎÀí¡±Óë×ÔÎÒ¼¼ÊõÖ®¼äµÄ¹ØÁª£¬²Î¼û¡°Ãñ·¨´«Í³¾­µäÎı¾ÖС®ÈË¡¯µÄ¹ÛÄ£¬¡¶±±´ó·¨ÂÉÆÀÂÛ¡·£¨1998£©£¬µÚ1¾í£¬µÚ1¼­£¬130£­42¡£

[cdii][402] Weber, The Methodology of the Social Sciences, 55.

[cdiii][403] Τ²®Ð´ÓÚ1909ÄêµÄÒ»¶ÎÎÄ×Ö£¬RothºÍSchluchter×÷ΪËûÃÇÖø×÷µÄÌâ¼Ç¡£²Î¼ûRoth and Schluchter, Max Weber¡¯s Vision of History , ìéÒ³¡£

[cdiv][404] Detmold£¬¡°Law as Practical Reason¡±,470.

[cdv][405] ÎÒÃÇÔÚ¡°ÂÛ³éÏóÉç»á¡±ÖУ¬×ÅÖØÌ½ÌÖÁË¡°Äܶ¯µÄÀíÐÔ»¯¡±ÎÊÌâ¡£²»¹ý£¬¶ÔÓÚÏÖ´úÉç»áÀ´Ëµ£¬Ìرð¶ÔÓÚÉÏÒ»½ÚÌá¼°µÄ¡°Æ½µÈ»¯¡±µÄÎÊÌâÀ´Ëµ£¬Á¢·¨ÀíÐԵķ¢Õ¹£¬Í¬Ñù¾ßÓзdz£ÖØÒªµÄÒâÒ壬ÓëÃñÖ÷ºÍ·¨ÖνáºÏÆðÀ´µÄÁ¢·¨ÀíÐÔ£¬ÊÔͼ½â¾ö¡°¸¯°Ü¡±£¨corruption£©ÕâÑùµÄ¹²ºÍÀíÂ۵ľ­µäÄÑÌ⣬ÒÔ¼°×Ú½ÌÕ½Õù´øÀ´µÄ¡°ÄÚÂÒ¡±ºÍ¡°ÆÈº¦¡±µÄÎÊÌâ¡£²»¹ý£¬ÕâЩÎÊÌâÖ»ÄÜÁô¸øÁíһƪÎÄÕÂÀ´´¦ÀíÁË¡£Ö®ËùÒÔÖ¸³öÕâÒ»µã£¬ÊDz»Ï£Íû¶ÁÕßÈÏΪÕâÆªÎÄÕÂÊÇһƪ¹¥»÷¡°Á¢·¨ÀíÐÔ¡±µÄÏ­ÎÄ¡£Ö»²»¹ýÔÚÏÖ´úÉç»áÖУ¬Á¢·¨ÀíÐÔÕýÊÔͼͨ¹ýÓë¿Æ²ãÀíÐԵĽáºÏ£¬³ÉΪ¡°Î©ÎÒ¶À×𡱵ÄÒ»ÔªÀíÐÔ£¬ÔÚÕâÖÖÀíÐÔÏÂÐγɵıӻ¤Ð͵ķ¨ÀíȨÍþ£¬ÍùÍùÔÚȱ·¦×ÔÖ÷ÖÈÐò»ù´¡µÄ·¢Õ¹Öйú¼Ò£¬ÊÔͼ×ÔÉ϶øÏµؽ¨Á¢¸÷ÖÖËùν¡°ÏÖ´ú¡±»ò¡°ÀíÐÔ¡±µÄÖÆ¶È£¬ÏóµÂ¹úµ±ÄêµÄ¡°·¨Öιú¡±Ò»Ñù£¬ÄÑÒÔ°ÚÍÑʵÖÊ»¯ÓëÐÎʽ»¯µÄ¶þÔªÀ§¾Ö£¬Ê¹ÀíÐÔ»¯Óë×ÔÓɳÉΪÄÑÒÔ¼æ¹ËµÄ¶þÄѾñÔñ¡£¶øÕâÒ»ÇãÏòµÄΣÏÕÐÔ£¬ÔÚÉç»áÀíÂÛ·½Ã棬ȴûÓÐÒýÆð³ä·ÖµÄ¾¯Ì裬Ҳȱ·¦×ã¹»µÄÓ¦¶Ô²ßÂÔ¡£±Ï¾¹£¬ÔÚÏÖ´úÉç»áÀíÂÛÖУ¬Á¢·¨ÀíÐÔÒ»Ö±·¢»ÓÁËѹµ¹ÐÔµÄÓ°Ï죬¶øÆÕͨ·¨Ê½µÄ˾·¨ÀíÐÔ£¬È´Êܵ½¹ã·ºµÄºöÊÓ£¬Òò´Ë£¬ÓбØÒª½«ÆÕͨ·¨µÄÀíÐÔÖØÐ´øÈëÏÖ´úÉç»áÀíÂ۵ġ°ÏëÏóÁ¦¡±ÖС£Á¢·¨ÀíÐÔµÄΣÏÕ£¬ÔÚ¾­Ñé·½Ãæ£¬·Ç³£Çå³þµØÌåÏÖÔÚÀ­ÃÀµÄ¡°·¨ÂÉÓë·¢Õ¹¡±¹æ»®µÄʧ°ÜÊÂÀýÖУ¬²Î¼ûHuff, "On Weber, Law, and Universalism".

[cdvi][406] ÀýÈçWeber, Political Writings, 69.

[cdvii][407] ÔøÔÚÎ÷·½·¢»ÓÂ×ÀíÀíÐÔ»¯×÷ÓõÄÁ¦Á¿£¬²¢²»ÄÜÖ±½ÓÔÚÁíÒ»¸ö¹ú¶È·¢»Ó×÷Óã¬ÕâÒ»µãÒѾ­ÔÚÖîÈçµÂ¹úÂ×ÀíÎÄ»¯Ð­»áµÄÀúÊ·ÉÏ¿´µÃºÜÇå³þ£¬Ó¢ÃÀµÄÕâÖÖµÀµÂЭ»á£¬Ôڵ¹ú²»½öÎÞ¼ÃÓÚÊ£¬¶øÇÒͽÔöһЩ¿Õ¶´£¬ÄËÖÁΣÏÕµÄÀËÂþÖ÷ÒåʽµÄÎÚÍаîÐÅÄî¡£

[cdviii][408] Weber, Political Writings, 55-6.

[cdix][409] Nat Hentoff, ¡°Search and Seizure: Fragile Liberty¡±, in Joshua Rosenkranz and Bernard Schwartz ed. Reason and Passion: Justice Brennan¡¯s Enduring Influence (New York: Norton & Company, 1997).

[cdx][410] ¶Ô±ÈΤ²®£¬¡¶ÊÀ½ç¾­¼Ãͨʷ¡·£¬291£»ÀàËÆµÄ˵·¨£¬²Î¼ûWeber, Political Writings, 148.

[cdxi][411] Weber, Political Writings, 158.

[cdxii][412] Weber, Political Writings, 71-2.