ΩԸƽˮʹ罭ϣ
et revelabitur quasi aqua iudicium et iustitia quasi torrens fortis

 

ij֮ά--׷ʥԴ

ʥ--

ҮͻΪģǹиġ-- ʫƪئƪ 12

1983 ʥʱܿ(Newsweek)һƪʥΪķ汨ʱһʡ

ʥӰĻκʷѧ֣ܷҲʥǵĽףһ⡢ʥΪģ塢֮ʥǴǿ˼Դ

ͬ⡣̹ϵطʷҪԴʷ˾ͻᷢԲ顣ܿǸΨһ־ƪ·֮󣬹˼꣬Ի̲Ƶġʱ־(Times)һƪΪˮ˼Դ˵ǵĹΨһһΪĹҡƵ˼ǿļӶռȨεЩ¼ڶԺܷ֮ڵʵʹǵᡣˣԿ߳ʥܷ

ĵĿǵĽףǶԺܷԼ׷ʥӰ졣ʷչܴУܷ嵱ȻҲܡķòҪʥԴʼڡʥ塹ͬһλʷѧҿɭ(CIarence Carson)ڡʷ(A Basic History of the United States)д

ȻǴһ鷢չڽ̣Իͽԣ֮ȻԵޱȵҪѧϰضҪԣϸĵؽеҲض֮塣ˣԭʼ塢ԭʼϣԼڵöҪԡʥȻ̬Ⱥһֱ䵽ϡļ֮кճԻͽԣȷĹ۲죬ͼ½ͽ(Protestants)ϱ˸Ϊǿңһڽ̵Ļ

Ϊһʥ콨֮ǴһȺ--»ͽڽʷϰŹؼԵĽɫΪ˽ǣDZعͽ˶ա

»ͽ

1907 20 մ˹ͳ(Teddy Roosevelt)ڼ»ͽ˵˵ǰ˵ص»ͽԼǸϽҲǸıһصˣҲıһˡ 1881 ꣬޼(Henry Cabot Lodge)λԱϸؼé˹½»ͽ

ƶ࣬ͬʱĿףӢ̷룬Ҳ˶ӢǻһΰҺһΰ......ΰӵȷ棬ijһֺͷչϷԶάǿϵ֮Ļ֯Ļ֯Ϊڽ͵ijͻȻ½ÿһ䡣

ҵأѧУڵʷDz˼װʷڽյ˶»ʵĹ»Ȼ̷֪롹(ܷû)Ѿɡ񡢹롹ʷҪתˣ˰--յ˵

ŦԼѧά(PauI Vitz)ϸоʮѧ̿顣쵼һ˲оֽ̿һڽкƫǶԻж½̵Ըӡ̿ƺ½ȫƫִάдһѧئҳ»ͽ˸жڡȴҲһۻͼ̸»ͽжڵѾ»ͽлȫߵĽգǸлӡذ˵Ľ졣ժ¼ʦ֮ȫЭ᡹(National Education Association)һйظжڵļأ

ڸжжԪ䡹

ȫЭţжһԺгʶԼ·ʱڶḻԪԵϡ

ԪʱеijΪͬȺ֮İݣЩΪֹ֮˵İݡ--ԭյ--бȥЭ᱾̬ȴ½ѧʱʱһȫѧϰйҵĽʼĩ֮ӴԴ--̻ᡢѧһ鼮

»ͽ뱾Ӣʮ֮󣬴Ӻ˴ɺ޵ĺ(;Ӣ)Ǵئ֮õIJ׵¸(william Bradford)дһйǸʱڵҪé˹ػļǡ(Of Plymouth Plantation)ǴӺ֮ǰ׵¸дǰ´½Ķ˵ǻһݡΪ˰ѻȵĸؼƸΰУȻֻDZִдһΰ󹤳̵̤ʯҲûźˣ

һԤԣһСܱȵĽ̻仰⣬һСǵ磬չֳչġ̤ʯ

ǣЩ»ͽΪηҿԴ󵨵˵֪»ͽһ̻᡹˲ࡣֻһط̻ᣬ̻ǵʦǨ̻ᵽ𴦡һ̻Ǩƻ--ֻǰѽ̻ӢǨǸǵĽ̻֯ԼдһݵطĹ£»ŹԼ(Mayflower Compact)

Ϊһøý̻ᣬԼǨɣȻصԪ 1600 ǰӢ̸Ľ̵شʱڡ1530 ̵ĹϵѾ˽ŵĵزӢж֮ȻںɯһȨʱӢ̻Ľ̵ǰһûʲô仯

һҵ˶ȴչˣͽ˶ѧ˼Ĺ۵ԣⳡʼ·(ȷжԣӦ߸Ľ߼Ӷ)˶ʼӰǵ˼롣൱ӵߵѾطӢѽ̻ᣬͳʥ໯ ͽǵһʥȺʥһȺʥŮÿһԭΪ 1874 ʱͽ(Leonardo Bacon)ڡӢ̻ᴴƪ(Genesis of the New England Churches)һУдԽжԼԽûκν̻ᣬҽ̻Լȡ

ͽ˶Ӣн̻ǿһС˶Խ̻ʥ໯һѾ͸ǾΨһľǺӢ̾ѡʱЩ˱ԡߡ(Separatists)֮ǽ»ͽ(Pilgrims롸·͡)Ϊǵϵߡ·͡һʥ(ǰ 11)

ߡ˶ԴӢֿϿԼ˿ŵ 1606 ŵС˾ܱ(Scrooby)һȺ˳Ӣ̣ҲηȡһԼ塣һλޱѷ(John Robinson)˼µĽ̻ᣬԺǰķ˹صʦ(Richard Clyfton)

׵¸ʮʱһηˣʱҲ˽̻ᡣĻʮרעÿҪʮ·̣һٵ֤νġʾ֤̤ϡʥࡢ桢ͬСĵһ

ȺǼӶĵʵͽǰʥ(Geneva Bible)˽ӢǰᵽΪ˾ܱСһӢʥȻӵӢʥǷΪ--Ӣ˲׼˽ղдʥ

˾ܱжʥʱǷ˽̻ijЩԵ飬༴ӢﲻԵ顣㷢ֵһȺ˴ޣֻȺͽһжʥˣ

1606 DzŸսߵ½̻ᣬ⵽Ӣ̺ıȡDZزأתƽ̻أǵļܵӣҲȻӢ׶֮أޱѷĸԶ߸߷ɣԶӢ--ǻ밴ĻᄡĻ

Ǽƻ纣ǰǰڽ֮أЩѾȥˣǰһλӢǣ˭֪˴֮󣬴䣬ϴһ֮࣬ͽٸΡǻͣڼ۵֮£ǰһλķ˹ص1608 ꣬һȺһȺ̤ϰķ˹صͣڴһ֮áԺǨ(Leyden)ֱ 1620 ꡣDzںӢǻʽƣǷĵ䷶

ɹʮһƽ֮»ͽ֪ٶǨʱˣһ쳣֮أǵҲвٲ򯡢֮¡վܵа¡ǵĺҲʼ֮ͨ飻»ͽʧȥǵĽ̻ᡣǾǰ磬ǿ԰ʥǵ񡣡

ƽ

µ»ͽͼһͣʥΪ׼ֳأҲé˹ľ֮һȺߣޱѷչˡԺҲ´½͵һԱϡ1620 7 21 գޱѷڡ»šDzӽһƪ֤(˹ǰ 21-22 )ƪУޱѷѻйǽ̻ɵĶԼǷĶԼþתЭ飬ġ»ŹԼ(Mayflower Compact)йޱѷĸ˵ʱһǰ´½˹(Edward Winslow)˵DzҪ˽̻ĶԼҲǵǶԽ̻ijŵԼܵ紫֮ĶԼ

ʮĺϺΪ޷˵Ĺϵû˸ϼװ塣ڵִ˻Ӣպǰêϰ֮ǰǾۼڴǩ֤Э飺»ŹԼеĿҫԼ

ΰIJԱΤ˹(Daniel Webster)˵

DzҪǹԴڽʸˡһݶԻ̳ߵij羴ǴطͬƵָУ֮е½ѰʵԭҪ֮Ƕ뵽ÿһѧУκѧ֮СϧһУչһӰ죻ţֵὫϴлᡢƽᡣ

»ͽȷߴġ̤ʯ--ò׵¸֮ޱѷĻڲԺ´½(ޱѷ 1625 ꣬ûüǰ´½)ͬʱྴηĶŮҲһһصִ硣 ͽ

ͽ»ͽһֵܡͽ 1630 ҲſʼǨޣҺܿϳ»ͽǣDZŤˡ³ʦ(C. S. Lewis)˵̸ڵ½ͽʱκֽйͽ붼õ˭ǾḯϿһȺˣҲǵͽͼʥԭԼΪҽһȹ̵Ļǵʥ֪ʶʹǶ˵ı衣ܷټʷѧԼĦ(John Eidsmoe)DZ̺ܷ(Christianity and Constitution)һ˵Ĺ۵㣬ͽܾ˹ȨȨиƣҿԱѹˡˣͳߵȨƵؼල

ͽͼһȨεĹҡʷѧҿɭ򵥵ذȨεĹҶΪԵkѡѡٳĹײ㷽ʽͽԣϽ֮䣬Լ˱˴֮ĺԼܹ˳ЭͷĵĺԼ渶ֵܷһׯͽҪ˼(John Winthrop)Ӧ˼룬ɽϵijǣ˶õ֮ͼĺԼд

֮һɡŵkĹkĺԼ档kϸһԼĿռ......Ѿkݺףϲǵĺ󣬰Ҵǵ֮ôk׼ݶԼȷǵļƻҰȫʵݷ档Ǻݷ...EȻѷŭ㵹ϣȺ֮kԱӦƻԼĴʲô

ɭ鶨Լܷ֮Ĺ

˽ⶨԼͽʹܷ߶DZҪġԼǣԺ񣬺Լ˴֮Լ֮ͬ䶩Լһ㣬Լ̡ΪԼ˰ԼغԼkּӣҲѵkԼ˽ӡҪļ»Э飬˵Ͽݻ(Fundamental Orders of Connecticut)£ԼܷȵһĶԼ

Ӣͽһݡڽ̻λģҲȨġ˹(John Fiske)дһһǶϤΣԼ۹Ĺ鳡ϡͽ̻ԣάͷչϵʵϣҲdz˴ںϵɡӢֳɳɵġ˹ָЩֱӹԼ--˸߶Σڽܷѷ۵ӢЩ֮ΪҪڵءʵ֤ܵκά֮

͡ʥʵ项

Ȼ̴ӢIJֻ»ϵͽһЩͽѡػߵвŷܵҽ̻ȵĻͽͬĽɣԼͬѰڽɡغ(ȻֻӢһصĻͽͼȨϵ)

ԾٱΪ(ҲΪɭ֣ҲǽıϦݵĵ)ǹѡɱȵúһ֧(ͽҲűȹ)ĸ 1607 ʱһʲҵӢǷһʮӢĹӢܵıȣȻȻӢǷĽһ֮أӢҲӦ󡣡

ϵһȵִͽһ㣬Ҳӡذ˺ƽش򽻵ӡذдһţдҵǣûб͵kȫܸΰˣԼ˶Ӧ鹦ڵkһDZڵһkˡΰ񽫵kɷдǵİϣ̵DZ˴˰֣£˺ˡǸһʺܺõļ۸ӡذأǩԶԼܿأһƬر˹ܱȵĻͽ֮

д˱Ϧֳصһɷһ֮ΪϦǻ(Fundamental Constitution of Pennsylvania)Ŀдģ

мһȺ񣬲ѸͲܸĵһطͳܵʱ¡ҵһµġij˼룬Լδʹһһ䣬ڵkʥڽ֮лֹĿڵk͸ʹͽõļ֤ǣͽսģġ

дͽԵʡ(Christian Life and Character of the Civil Institutions of the United States)һĪ˹(B. F. Morris)۵1682 ɵıϦܹǴʥǴйء½õġ

ӶĽɵĽɫ

ֳصȷڲͬĽɡֳصķϣӶĽǰžصĽɫֻdzϻᣬ(Congregationlists)ʥ(Episcopalians)ͽŻҲŷӶĽ(ӶĽ̵)Ҳǵã»ͽҲǼӶĽɡǵʦޱѷǸٮٮߡ

ڼӶĽҳԼһʮ֮ãֱλѧ˵ 1776 ΪֹУоʮոϻᣬʮӢͽʮ¹ͺĸȫӶĽɡҲ෨ŵͽ(Huguenots)ҲڼӶĽɡdzϻᡢʥɣ1776 ܹ֮ӵӶѧ޹ֺʷѧҰ޷(George Bancroft)ƼӶΪ֮

é˹ܶ׵¸ܶգ˵Ͽֳʼ滢(Thomas Hooker)¸(New Haven)Ĵ˵(John Davenport)޵õ˹(Roger Williams)ǼӶĽɵˡ

ӶĽ֮һijϻΪṩһܹ͡ﳤϽһֱһ׹塣һʷѧҶòϡһֹ塣ڽ̻һͽ̻Ȩ𡣳ϻijǾ̻ȫͶƱʵʹ̻ᡣһ;ѡٶĴʿһġΪϻ--ҲǼӶ--ڽҵĹаŹؼɫ¹ʷѧ(Leopold von Ranke)˵ʵϣӶĽ֮ȻIJֻгϻᣬԣһɡ(republican)ŦԼݳ߲Աֶ(De Witt Clinton)˵䱾ʡʽԣǹɡ

콨ļĹؼ

ʮͽǰ֮£ʮͺҶĽ˶ǶʣǷͬ 1620 ҫĻһ 1776 Ϩˣ𰸣Ȼǡʵϣ̡ѡ˶һƷǴٺϱֳ֮׶ȹͨ»(Jonathan Edwards)ͻ(George Whitefield)Ǵ˶ҪʦǰѸ൱ߵֳĻһ

֮Ľ--׵Ļͽʽ

ʵϣҪ--ԡܷȨ--˶ܹι̺Ļ̽ڳС׶ڽ̻ᡢͥʥҪĽ̲ġȽǶķȻ֮ԱǣĽȴһ߶Ļᡣ

ʹΪ硸֮ǰΪе˶ʥʥĽѧУʹѧһڸðDZҪģеܹж񱦹ĻΪˡ

͸ߵȽۣѡ˻֪̽أҮ³é˹ױǡ˹ԼĴѧ޲л̵ıԴ 126 ѧ̰ 123 Dzܺѧϰָġѭʥ߰Ӧÿһ򣬰ΡʱʥǸߵȽĻ磬Уѵ(Ru1es and Precepts)дţ

ÿһѧÿڶʥءʦѧѯʱҪѧġ˼߼ԼӦԳ׿Խı֣ʹѧˣһ⿪ͷ⣬ʹͨ(ʫƪһһ 130)

ЩϽ̻Ľ֮Ҳʥ֮ۡ£Ͻ̻ȴûʥۡ

ڽ֮ڶʦУӰɪ˹(John Witherspoon)dzϻʦҲŦ(ּζ)ѧԺУɪ˹ǩΨһʦ˵ʥִѧʽԸܵ䡣ܷʦղķѷ(James Madison)ɪ˹ܳѧΪһλάˣղķѷԭȻӦýѧԺ(College at William and Mary)ͶȻȴѡ˳ϻɫŨŦѧԺܽɪ˹¡ҵ֮ղķѷѧУϣĺϣʥӢģʱ䳤һ֮áɪ˹ӺϻʦǶղķѷӰԶˣղķѷܵʥӰԶ˼롣ɪ˹ӵµӵ(Gary DeMar)ʷǰδ֪Ĺ¡(America's Christianity History: The Untold Story)һɪ˹ӽ̹һͳإһԱإԱʮίԱئ٣߷Ժ󷨹١

Ȩ--ǹ

֮ӵȨȨκ֮¶ΪᡣҵȨ϶޵ģýơŹˣijһ޶ķΧ֮Ҷȡеĵλʮ 1-4 ڶ˹ҵĻʹͽд 29 ڶʵʱ񲻷Ȩ(civil disobedience)Ļ

ͽ

űͽ۵ˡͽּڲÿһ븳Ʒʡβȳҫ̬ÿһܵʹýǮԱ⸺ծһʷǰδеķٺʢףҴʹĹ