ΩԸƽˮʹ罭ϣ |
ij֮ά--ʥԴ
ʥ--
ҮͻΪģǹиġ-- ʫƪئƪ 12
1983 ʥʱܿ(Newsweek)һƪʥΪķ汨ʱһʡ
ʥӰĻκʷѧ֣ܷҲʥǵĽףһ⡢ʥΪģ塢֮ʥǴǿ˼Դ
ͬ⡣̹ϵطʷҪԴʷ˾ͻᷢԲ顣ܿǸΨһ־ƪ·֮˼꣬Ի̲Ƶġʱ־(Times)һƪΪˮ˼Դ˵ǵĹΨһһΪĹҡƵ˼ǿļӶռȨεЩ¼ڶԺܷ֮ڵʵʹǵᡣˣԿ߳ʥܷ
ĵĿǵĽףǶԺܷԼʥӰ졣ʷչܴУܷ嵱ȻҲܡķòҪʥԴʼڡʥ塹ͬһλʷѧҿɭ(CIarence Carson)ڡʷ(A Basic History of the United States)д
ȻǴһ鷢չڽ̣Իͽԣ֮ȻԵޱȵҪѧϰضҪԣϸĵؽеҲض֮塣ˣԭʼ塢ԭʼϣԼڵöҪԡʥȻ̬Ⱥһֱ䵽ϡļ֮кճԻͽԣȷĹ۲죬ͼ½ͽ(Protestants)ϱ˸Ϊǿңһڽ̵Ļ
Ϊһʥ콨֮ǴһȺ--»ͽڽʷϰŹؼԵĽɫΪ˽ǣDZعͽ˶ա
»ͽ
1907 20 մ˹ͳ(Teddy Roosevelt)ڼ»ͽ˵˵ǰ˵ص»ͽԼǸϽҲǸıһصˣҲıһˡ 1881 ꣬(Henry Cabot Lodge)λԱϸؼé˹½»ͽ
ƶ࣬ͬʱĿףӢ̷룬Ҳ˶ӢǻһΰҺһΰ......ΰӵȷ棬ijһֺͷչϷԶάǿϵ֮Ļ֯Ļ֯Ϊڽ͵ijͻȻ½ÿһ䡣
ҵأѧУڵʷDz˼װʷڽյ˶»ʵĹ»Ȼ̷֪롹(ܷû)Ѿɡ롹ʷҪתˣ˰--յ˵
ŦԼѧά(PauI Vitz)ϸоʮѧ̿顣쵼һ˲оֽ̿һڽкƫǶԻж½̵Ըӡ̿ƺ½ȫƫִάдһѧئҳ»ͽ˸жڡȴҲһۻͼ̸»ͽжڵѾ»ͽлȫߵĽգǸлӡذ˵Ľ졣ժ¼ʦ֮ȫЭ(National Education Association)һйظжڵļأ
ڸжжԪ䡹
ȫЭţжһԺгʶԼ·ʱڶḻԪԵϡ
ԪʱеijΪͬȺ֮İݣЩΪֹ֮˵İݡ--ԭյ--бȥЭ᱾̬ȴ½ѧʱʱһȫѧϰйҵĽʼĩ֮ӴԴ--̻ᡢѧһ鼮
»ͽ뱾Ӣʮ֮Ӻ˴ɺĺ(;Ӣ)Ǵئ֮õIJ¸(william Bradford)дһйǸʱڵҪé˹ػļǡ(Of Plymouth Plantation)ǴӺ֮ǰ¸дǰ´½Ķ˵ǻһݡΪ˰ѻȵĸؼƸΰУȻֻDZִдһΰ̵̤ʯҲûźˣ
һԤԣһСܱȵĽ̻仰⣬һСǵ磬չֳչġ̤ʯ
ǣЩ»ͽΪηҿԴ˵֪»ͽһ̻˲ࡣֻһط̻ᣬ̻ǵʦǨ̻ᵽһ̻Ǩƻ--ֻǰѽ̻ӢǨǸǵĽ̻֯ԼдһݵطĹ£»ŹԼ(Mayflower Compact)
Ϊһøý̻ᣬԼǨɣȻصԪ 1600 ǰӢ̸Ľ̵شʱڡ1530 ̵ĹϵѾ˽ŵĵزӢж֮ȻںɯһȨʱӢ̻Ľ̵ǰһûʲô仯
һҵ˶ȴչˣͽ˶ѧ˼Ĺ۵ԣⳡʼ·(ȷжԣӦ߸ĽӶ)˶ʼӰǵ˼롣൱ӵߵѾطӢѽ̻ᣬͳʥ ͽǵһʥȺʥһȺʥŮÿһԭΪ 1874 ʱͽ(Leonardo Bacon)ڡӢ̻ᴴƪ(Genesis of the New England Churches)һУдԽжԼԽûκν̻ᣬҽ̻Լȡ
ͽ˶Ӣн̻ǿһС˶Խ̻ʥһѾǾΨһľǺӢ̾ѡʱЩ˱ԡߡ(Separatists)֮ǽ»ͽ(Pilgrims롸·͡)Ϊǵϵߡ·͡һʥ(ǰ 11)
ߡ˶ԴӢֿϿԼ˿ŵ 1606 ŵС˾ܱ(Scrooby)һȺ˳Ӣ̣ҲηȡһԼ塣һλޱѷ(John Robinson)˼µĽ̻ᣬԺǰķ˹صʦ(Richard Clyfton)
¸ʮʱһηˣʱҲ˽̻ᡣĻʮרעÿҪʮ·̣һٵ֤νġʾ֤̤ϡʥࡢ桢ͬСĵһ
ȺǼӶĵʵͽǰʥ(Geneva Bible)˽ӢǰᵽΪ˾ܱСһӢʥȻӵӢʥǷΪ--Ӣ˲˽ղдʥ
˾ܱжʥʱǷ˽̻ijЩԵ飬༴ӢﲻԵ顣㷢ֵһȺ˴ޣֻȺͽһжʥˣ
1606 DzŸսߵ½̻ᣬӢ̺ıȡDZزأתƽ̻أǵļܵӣҲȻӢ֮أޱѷĸԶ߸߷ɣԶӢ--ǻ밴ĻᄡĻ
Ǽƻ纣ǰǰڽ֮أЩѾȥˣǰһλӢǣ˭֪˴֮䣬ϴһ֮࣬ͽٸΡǻͣڼ۵֮£ǰһλķ˹ص1608 ꣬һȺһȺ̤ϰķ˹صͣڴһ֮áԺǨ(Leyden)ֱ 1620 ꡣDzںӢǻʽƣǷĵ䷶
ɹʮһƽ֮»ͽ֪ٶǨʱˣһ쳣֮أǵҲвٲ֮¡վܵа¡ǵĺҲʼ֮ͨ飻»ͽʧȥǵĽ̻ᡣǾǰ磬ǿʥǵ
ƽ
µ»ͽͼһͣʥΪֳأҲé˹ľ֮һȺߣޱѷչˡԺҲ´½͵һԱϡ1620 7 21 գޱѷڡ»šDzӽһƪ֤(˹ǰ 21-22 )ƪУޱѷѻйǽ̻ɵĶԼǷĶԼþתЭ飬ġ»ŹԼ(Mayflower Compact)йޱѷĸ˵ʱһǰ´½˹(Edward Winslow)˵DzҪ˽̻ĶԼҲǵǶԽ̻ijŵԼܵ紫֮ĶԼ
ʮĺϺΪ˵Ĺϵû˸ϼװ塣ڵִ˻Ӣպǰêϰ֮ǰǾۼڴǩ֤Э飺»ŹԼеĿҫԼ
ΰIJԱΤ˹(Daniel Webster)˵
DzҪǹԴڽʸˡһݶԻ̳ߵij羴ǴطͬƵָУ֮е½ѰʵԭҪ֮Ƕ뵽ÿһѧУκѧ֮СϧһУչһӰ죻ţֵὫϴлᡢƽᡣ
»ͽȷߴġ̤ʯ--ò¸֮ޱѷĻڲԺ´½(ޱѷ 1625 ꣬ûüǰ´½)ͬʱྴηĶŮҲһһصִ硣 ͽ
ͽ»ͽһֵܡͽ 1630 ҲſʼǨޣҺܿϳ»ͽǣDZŤˡ³ʦ(C. S. Lewis)˵̸ڵ½ͽʱκֽйͽ붼õ˭ǾḯϿһȺˣҲǵͽͼʥԭԼΪҽһȹ̵Ļǵʥ֪ʶʹǶ˵ı衣ܷټʷѧԼĦ(John Eidsmoe)DZ̺ܷ(Christianity and Constitution)һ˵Ĺ۵㣬ͽܾ˹ȨȨиƣҿԱѹˡˣͳߵȨƵؼල
ͽͼһȨεĹҡʷѧҿɭذȨεĹҶΪԵkѡѡٳĹײ㷽ʽͽԣϽ֮䣬Լ˱˴֮ĺԼܹ˳ЭͷĵĺԼ渶ֵܷһׯͽҪ˼(John Winthrop)Ӧ˼룬ɽϵijǣ˶õ֮ͼĺԼд
֮һɡŵkĹkĺԼ档kϸһԼĿռ......ѾkݺףϲǵĺҴǵ֮ôkݶԼȷǵļƻҰȫʵݷ档Ǻݷ...EȻѷŭ㵹ϣȺ֮kԱӦƻԼĴʲô
ɭ鶨Լܷ֮Ĺ
˽ⶨԼͽʹܷ߶DZҪġԼǣԺԼ˴֮Լ֮ͬ䶩Լһ㣬Լ̡ΪԼ˰ԼغԼkּӣҲѵkԼ˽ӡҪļ»Э飬˵Ͽݻ(Fundamental Orders of Connecticut)£ԼܷȵһĶԼ
Ӣͽһݡڽ̻λģҲȨġ˹(John Fiske)дһһǶϤΣԼ۹Ĺ鳡ϡͽ̻ԣάͷչϵʵϣҲdz˴ںϵɡӢֳɳɵġ˹ָЩֱӹԼ--˸߶Σڽܷѷ۵ӢЩ֮ΪҪڵءʵ֤ܵκά֮
͡ʥʵ项
Ȼ̴ӢIJֻ»ϵͽһЩͽѡػߵвŷܵҽ̻ȵĻͽͬĽɣԼͬѰڽɡغ(ȻֻӢһصĻͽͼȨϵ)
ԾٱΪ(ҲΪɭ֣ҲǽıϦݵĵ)ǹѡɱȵúһ֧(ͽҲűȹ)ĸ 1607 ʱһʲҵӢǷһʮӢĹӢܵıȣȻȻӢǷĽһ֮أӢҲӦ
ϵһȵִͽһ㣬Ҳӡذ˺ƽشӡذдһţдҵǣûб͵kȫܸΰˣԼ˶Ӧ鹦ڵkһDZڵһkˡΰkɷдǵİϣ̵DZ˴˰֣£˺ˡǸһʺܺõļ۸ӡذأǩԶԼܿأһƬر˹ܱȵĻͽ֮
д˱Ϧֳصһɷһ֮ΪϦǻ(Fundamental Constitution of Pennsylvania)Ŀдģ
мһȺѸͲܸĵһطͳܵʱ¡ҵһµġij˼룬Լδʹһһ䣬ڵkʥڽ֮лֹĿڵkʹͽõļ֤ǣͽսģġ
дͽԵʡ(Christian Life and Character of the Civil Institutions of the United States)һĪ˹(B. F. Morris)۵1682 ɵıϦܹǴʥǴйء½õġ
ӶĽɵĽɫ
ֳصȷڲͬĽɡֳصķϣӶĽǰžصĽɫֻdzϻᣬ(Congregationlists)ʥ(Episcopalians)ͽŻҲŷӶĽ(ӶĽ̵)Ҳǵã»ͽҲǼӶĽɡǵʦޱѷǸٮٮߡ
ڼӶĽҳԼһʮ֮ãֱλѧ˵ 1776 ΪֹУоʮոϻᣬʮӢͽʮ¹ͺĸȫӶĽɡҲ෨ŵͽ(Huguenots)ҲڼӶĽɡdzϻᡢʥɣ1776 ܹ֮ӵӶѧֺʷѧҰ(George Bancroft)ƼӶΪ֮
é˹ܶ¸ܶգ˵Ͽֳʼ滢(Thomas Hooker)¸(New Haven)Ĵ˵(John Davenport)õ˹(Roger Williams)ǼӶĽɵˡ
ӶĽ֮һijϻΪṩһܹ͡ﳤϽһֱһ塣һʷѧҶòϡһֹ塣ڽ̻һͽ̻Ȩ𡣳ϻijǾ̻ȫͶƱʵʹ̻ᡣһ;ѡٶĴʿһġΪϻ--ҲǼӶ--ڽҵĹаŹؼɫ¹ʷѧ(Leopold von Ranke)˵ʵϣӶĽ֮ȻIJֻгϻᣬԣһɡ(republican)ŦԼݳ߲Աֶ(De Witt Clinton)˵䱾ʡʽԣǹɡ
콨ļĹؼ
ʮͽǰ֮£ʮͺҶĽ˶ǶʣǷͬ 1620 ҫĻһ 1776 Ϩˣ𰸣Ȼǡʵϣ̡ѡ˶һƷǴٺϱֳ֮ȹͨ»(Jonathan Edwards)ͻ(George Whitefield)Ǵ˶ҪʦǰѸ൱ߵֳĻһ
֮Ľ--Ļͽʽ
ʵϣҪ--ԡܷȨ--˶ܹι̺Ļ̽ڳСڽ̻ᡢͥʥҪĽ̲ġȽǶķȻ֮ԱǣĽȴһ߶Ļᡣ
ʹΪ硸֮ǰΪе˶ʥʥĽѧУʹѧһڸðDZҪģеܹжĻΪˡ
ߵȽۣѡ˻֪̽أҮ³é˹ױǡ˹ԼĴѧл̵ıԴ 126 ѧ̰ 123 Dzܺѧϰָġѭʥ߰ӦÿһΡʱʥǸߵȽĻ磬Уѵ(Ru1es and Precepts)дţ
ÿһѧÿڶʥءʦѧѯʱҪѧġ˼ԼӦԳԽı֣ʹѧˣһͷ⣬ʹͨ(ʫƪһһ 130)
ЩϽ̻Ľ֮Ҳʥ֮ۡ£Ͻ̻ȴûʥۡ
ڽ֮ڶʦУӰɪ˹(John Witherspoon)dzϻʦҲŦ(ּζ)ѧԺУɪ˹ǩΨһʦ˵ʥִѧʽԸܵ䡣ܷʦղķѷ(James Madison)ɪ˹ܳѧΪһλάˣղķѷԭȻӦýѧԺ(College at William and Mary)ͶȻȴѡ˳ϻɫŨŦѧԺܽɪ˹¡ҵ֮ղķѷѧУϣĺϣʥӢģʱ䳤һ֮áɪ˹ӺϻʦǶղķѷӰԶˣղķѷܵʥӰԶ˼롣ɪ˹ӵµӵ(Gary DeMar)ʷǰδ֪Ĺ¡(America's Christianity History: The Untold Story)һɪ˹ӽ̹һͳإһԱإԱʮίԱئ٣߷Ժ١
Ȩ--ǹ
֮ӵȨȨκ֮¶ΪᡣҵȨ϶ģýơŹˣijһķΧ֮Ҷȡеĵλʮ 1-4 ڶ˹ҵĻʹͽд 29 ڶʵʱȨ(civil disobedience)Ļ
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