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빫
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һǰԡ
壨civic republicanismĹ
ġĹ
塢ĹС
һǰ
Դ˹John RawlsġۡA Theory of Justiceһ1971֮
壨liberalismֽһµļԪٶȳΪǰ
ѧ⣬ӦȺۣcommunitarianismҲٶȳΪŻ
⡣绪Michael WalzerԣеĹԣȺ۶
ijЩװΣȻʱݵһٴγ֣κʱʱ
һòûһ壬Ⱥ۵оͲپ Ⱥۺ
֮۱磬ʹácitizen֡citizenshipĸ
³ΪѧעĽ㡣Щѧָ1970ѧҪĻ壬1980
ĸȺcommunityȺԱ֣community membership1990
۵֤صǹ֣ΪͳȺ
Ⱥ۶ԡ֡вͬĶ壬ĽȺ֮
ҪĹΪģԽһ̽Уκһϸ
Ӧеĵ
壨civic republicanismĹ
ѧҸǶ˹أWilliam A. GalstonΪ֣ѧѧ
Ե̽ΪĿĵѧʣ磺ѧȣѧ
̽ѰijɹҪصǣоλӰ죬
ΪͣопΣо֮Ļֵϵڹ
ΪĿ꣬ΪұԱ˸ʹȺУ
Чʵָ˵룬˶ǿ֧ȺԹȺ
ݹŵAmy Gutmann˵Ŀľ"ʶ"
conscious social reproduction仰˵ҪԱ봴˴˹
뷨̺ۣ
Ⱥܲɷ֣ÿһȺԱĸ
ȫǸľͲܴڣ
ֵԪһļޣܴʵĹ
ȻܹάȺȶʵȺĿأҪۣ
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ڴͳԺν֡ͬ͡ţMichael
IgnatieffķҪԷΪɱһǹŵ乫룬Գ֮Ϊ
ĹҲȺ۵˼ԨԴһĹ
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ΪһͬʱʺͳκͱͳεˣҲ˵ͬʱƶɺ
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һ빫ϰǣнƣpublic good˽֮ϵ٩A
Ȼ˹²ijЩ˽ϲõļֵᶨŹճ
٩Ʒ֮˽IҪΪֻڹУܷΪһᶯ
Ĺ۵㣬˹Ϊֻо۹˲ʺϳΪ
ֻ˲žѡ˳ӵвƲ֮֮⣬Ҫ
ˣ磺ūŮˡСнܳΪ
Ĺ¼ص㣺
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֮ͳνĴڣҲ˵κι̶ʽĹײ㣬Զרҵ
ơ͵˵еĹӢCincinnatusһũ
ΪȹİΣ뿪ĶȵɺֻصƽҰ
ԴһԶν乫̬ǣ˴ʶͳΡ
۹壺Ȼǹ˴ʶͳΣ
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ֵĻں˵ļֵ룬Ը˵֮ͬĻ壬
Ⱥ"˭"仰˵ͳֻԼ֮Ⱥſܷ
̩գCharles TaylorָֻвܷչΪ
Ļ֮Ǹ˷չԡΪһ塢ԼΪһεĴߵıҪ
ȺӵļֵǶȺҳϡŽᣬΪȺ˴֮壬Ⱥһ
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ν壿Dz˹أAnthony ArblasterΪ¶ʵ٩ϵ?
ѣΪ岢һ鲻ĵºμֵ϶ɣʼո˺
̸ĸʱڣһϵʷ˶䷢չĹת䣬ѧ
֮۵㲢ȫͬ˲øķԶ塣Jeremy Waldron
ҲͬĿΪ塢Щʣͺһ˴֮
û̫ͬ㣬Щά˹̹Ludwig Wittgensteinļ
family resemblanceDzЩѧ˵֮ҵһ鹲ͬԭţҲ
һԱΪЩʶ̬ĺĻ٩@ηչɵĽָ
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죬һԶʵȡǿֶΣѴһµĹʶҲ
˵߷ϴһֵ룬ÿһҸ衣ĴںĿ
ģΪʵijһļֵۣҪʹӵвͬͼֵ۵Ա
ڱԵ¹ͬһϷ֮ߵƶִУӦԤ
κһļֵ仰˵ľ߲ӦԤųijһڽ̺͵ѧ
˵˹ֲ漰κξԼֵ۵ķΪⷽthe method of
avoidance֮Բѧŵ"ԭõѧ
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Ϊÿһϡ룬Ȼͬļֵ
룬εĻǰdzϼֵԪĽ
ȷһҹͬ϶Ŀۼֵ룬Ϊֵۻÿһ֮ԵIJֶ
ʮҪ˼ԼգJohn Stuart MillΪ
individualityǸҸһҪԪأҲǸ˺һҪɷ֣
ΪչĿĵʵֺ߶ᷢչĹؼԵijɳҪأɺʹ
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ԲһģĻľһҪɳ淢չ䷢չ
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۵ţɵĿռѰԼ𰸵ĽȻγɼֵ
Ԫ϶ԪΪԪṩÿһ˶ѡʹ˿ڸ
УѡʺԼԵʽ˹ҲΪֵ۵ĶԱһ£
Ϊһᣨwell-ordered societyijԱвͬƻԵģΪв
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ƶкƽҺΪ˴ĿģΪԸּ
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νԭݰBruce A. Ackerman˵ָȨӵ֤κ
ƶʱԼļֵۣconception of the goodԱļֵ
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Խһ磬˿ԲĹɺͻԤ
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ԣҲΪ˽ӦڹͷǹĻ
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ԣһżȻĹϵ˽ѡΪһ̫ҪΣϽһ
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ԱͬܵĹ淶ڲ죨diversityѰͳϣunityŬ
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ÿһͼֵ룬ʵĻƶȺ;߲ܵ
ȫԱһµͬ⣬ÿһԱھʱԼΪڱ
ijͻȻɹʶÿһԼߣѡ淶ƶȺͽṹ
ԭʱڴЩԭʵֵĽԶԼһԭijЩ
رȻԼ龳õȫһµϿɡÿһԼ
ڹƽϣϵĻԭᱻѡԭԼ龳
һijһĸ˻IJ˹ڹƽѡ
Թ淶ĻƶȺͽṹԭΪԭƽΪԭ
the original position
˹Լ۵ģʽԭΪʹÿһԼ߶ܹƽIJѡԭ
ÿһ˱ν֪֮Ļa veil of ignorance֮Ҳ˵Լ
淶ṹԭʱȫ֪Լλֺͽ֪Լ
ӵеIJƸѡߵ͡ǿҲ֪Լ٩Ƿgðաֹۻ
ۣԼļֵۺƻҲһ֪仰˵Լڴѡʱ
ȫ֪йԼϢ״֪һ֪ʶԼ龳֮⣬Լ
ֻԺͻĵģmuturally disinterested̬ȣǵأprudently
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żȻضԼߵӰ죬ȷѡ龳ĹƽԣʹԼȫ֪ѡ
Լ˴˶Ǵڹƽԭѡ
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ԱѡԭʱڰͳߵĽɫһ
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ҡġҡָЩɵġǹͬnonpublic
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һֵͬΪͬpublic iden- tityƩһΪڽ
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رҪĹУ᷽Ƕ˹Ϊж̡ǰ
ӵĸԣҪɸչԼͶԼ٩ɞ?
Ҫеɿֲǰɵıˣ϶
ֵԪأ̲˵ԣ켺ҲԸ˵
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