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[1] Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously (Revised ed., Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978) p.
[2] Ronald Dworkin, Law¡¯s Empire (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1986), preface pp. viii-ix, and p.412. Cf. also his ¡°Is There Really No Answer in Hard Cases?¡± in University of New York Law Review Vol. 53 (1978) pp.1-32, and in A Matter of Principle (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985) pp.119-145.
[3] Ibid., p.87.
[4] See Stephen Guest, Ronald Dworkin (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991) pp.137-141. ˳±ã˵Ã÷£¬¾¡¹ÜÔÚ¡¶·¨Âɵ۹ú¡·Ò»ÊéÖУ¬µÂÎÖ½ð²ÉÈ¡¸´ÊýµÄÐÎʽÀ´±íÊö¡°ÕýÈ·µÄ´ð°¸¡±£¬Ëƺõ²»ÔÙÈÏΪֻÓС°Î¨Ò»ÕýÈ·µÄ´ð°¸¡±£¬µ«Ò²²¢Î´¹«È»·ñ¶¨ÔÚËûµÄµÚÒ»±¾ÂÛÎ¶ÈÏÕæ¶Ô´ýȨÀû¡·ÖÐËù²ÉÈ¡µÄÁ¢³¡¡£±ÈÕÕÁ½±¾ÊéµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬Ò²¿´²»µ½Ê²Ã´ÊµÖÊÐԵı仯¡£
[5] Dworkin, Law¡¯s Empire, op.cit., p.187.
[6] Ibid., p.52.
[7] Ibid., p.55. ²ÎÔĶɱ߶þÀÉ¡¶½á¹¹Óë½âÊÍ¡·£¨¶«¾©¡ÃÖþĦÊé·¿£¬£±£¹£¹£´Ä꣩£³£³£°Ò³¡£
[8] Dworkin, Law¡¯s Empire, op.cit., pp.58-59.
[9] About details, see ibid., chap.4.
[10] Ibid., chap.5.
[11] Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously, op.cit., p.12.
[12] Dworkin, Law¡¯s Empire, op.cit., pp.95ff.
[13] About details, see ibid., chap.6.
[14] About details, see ibid., chap.7.
[15] About details, see ibid., chap.8-10.
[16] ²ÎÔÄÄÚÌï¹ó¡°Ì½·Ã¡®·¨µÄµÛ¹ú¡¯£¨£±£©¡±¡¶·¨Ñ§Ð»áÔÓÖ¾¡·µÚ£±£°£µ¾íµÚ£³ºÅ£¨£±£¹£¸£¸Ä꣩£²£´£¸££²£´£¹Ò³¡£ÄÚÌï½ÌÊÚÖ÷Òª·ÖÎöÁË×÷Ϊ½âÊ͵ķ¨ÂÉÒéÂÛÕâ¸ö²àÃæ¡£ÕâÆªÆÀÊöÎÄÕÂÖ®£¨£²£©Á¬ÔØÓÚͬһÔÓÖ¾µÚ£±£°£µ¾íµÚ£´ºÅ¡£
[17] Cf. Dworkin, Law¡¯s Empire, op.cit., pp.228-238.
[18] Cited from ibid., p.165.
[19] Ibid., p.3.
[20] Cf. ibid., especially pp.214, 243f., 263.
[21] Cf. Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously, op.cit., pp.82-88.
[22] ¶ÔÕâÑùµÄÀ©Õ¹ºÍÊÕÁ²¹ý³Ì£¬µÂÎÖ½ðÒÔ¼ÙÉèµÄº£¿ËÀï˹·¨¹ÙÔÚÉóÀí¾«ÉñËðº¦Åâ³¥°¸ÖеĽâÊÍΪÀý½øÐÐÁË͸³¹µÄ·ÖÎö¡£Cf. Dworkin, Law¡¯s Empire, op.cit., pp.238ff.
[23] Ibid., p.400.
[24] ÔÚ´Ë֮ǰ£¬ËûÒѾ¹«¿ª³ÐÈÏ·¨¹ÙÊÇÎÞ·¨»Ø±ÜÕþÖεġ£E.g., see Ronald Dworkin, ¡°Law as Interpretation¡±, Texas Law Review Vol.60 (1982) p.527.
[25] Cf. Dworkin, Law¡¯s Empire, op.cit., pp.239-240.
[26] Ibid., p.413.
[27] Cf. Guest, Ronald Dworkin, op.cit., pp.148-149. ʵ¼ÊÉÏ£¬µÂÎÖ½ðÀíÂÛµÄÁ½¸öÖ÷Ҫ˼ÏëÔ¨Ô´ÕýÊǹþÌØµÄ·¨ÂÉʵ֤Ö÷ÒåºÍÂÞ¶û˹µÄʵ¼ùÀíÐÔµÄÕþÖÎÕÜѧ¡£
[28] See John Rawls, ¡°The Idea of an Overlapping Consensus¡±, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 7 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987).
[29] Dworkin, Law¡¯s Empire, op.cit., pp.176ff., 217.
[30] Cf. Julius Stone, Social Dimensions of Law and Justice (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1966) pp.653-654.
[31] Ê×ÏÈÌá³ö¡°¶àÖÐÐÄÐÔ¡±¸ÅÄîµÄÊÇçêÀ¼Äá¡£See Michael Polanyi, The Logic of Liberty; Reflections and Rejoinders (London: Routedge & Kegan Paul, 1951) pp.170 ff.
[32] Lon Fuller, ¡°The Forms and Limits of Adjudication¡±, Harvard Law Review Vol.92 (1978) pp.394-404.
[33] ÀýÈ磬¹ØÓڹ淶ÔÀíµÄ¶àÔª¹¹³É£¬²»·Á²ÎÔÄÌïÖгÉÃ÷¡¶Î§ÈÆÉóÅеķ¨ÓëÕþÖΡ·£¨¶«¾©¡ÃÓÐ쳸󣬣±£¹£·£¹Ä꣩Ìá³öµÄ·¨µÄÈýÀàÐÍģʽ£»¹ØÓÚÖÆ¶ÈÀíÐԵĶàÔª¹¹³É£¬See Gunther Teubner, ¡°Substantive and Reflexive Elements in Modern Law¡±, Law & Society Review Vol.17 No.2 (1983).
[34] E.g., Frank Sander, ¡°Varieties of Dispute Processing¡±, Federal Rules Decisions Vol.70 (1976).
[35] Dworkin, Law¡¯s Empire, op.cit., pp.196, 198ff.
[36] Ibid., p.88.
[37] ¹ØÓÚÈå¼Ò·¨ÂÉ˼ÏëÓëµÂÎÖ½ð·¨ÂÉÕûºÏÂÛµÄÀàËÆÐÔ£¬cf. R. P. Peerenboom, ¡°Confucian Justice: Achieve a Humane Society¡±, International Philosophical Quarterly Vol.30 No.1 (1990) pp.17-32.
[38] Ïê¼û×¾¸å¡°·¨ÂɽâÊ͵ÄÕæÚШD¨D̽ÇóʵÓ÷¨Ñ§µÄµÚÈýµÀ·¡±£¬Á¬ÔØÓÚ¡¶ÖÐÍⷨѧ¡·£±£¹£¹£¸ÄêµÚ£¶ÆÚ¡¢£±£¹£¹£¹ÄêµÚ£±ÆÚ£¬ºóÊÕÈë±ÊÕßÂÛÎ¶·¨ÖÎÖÈÐòµÄ½¨¹¹¡·£¨±±¾©¡ÃÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧ³ö°æÉ磬£±£¹£¹£¹Ä꣩¡£ [39] Dworkin, Law¡¯s Empire, op.cit., pp.7-8.
[40] Ibid., p.8.
[41] Philip Soper, ¡°Dworkin¡¯s Domain¡±, Harvard Law Review Vol.100 p.1168 n.12.
[42] See Dworkin, Law¡¯s Empire, op.cit., pp.154-156, 160-161.
[43] Ibid., p.160.
[44] Cf. ibid., pp.167ff.
[45] ²ÎÔÄ×¾¸å¡°·¨ÖÎÖйúµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ¨D¨D¼æÂÛ¶ÔÎÄ»¯´«Í³µÄ½â¶ÁºÍ·´Ë¼¡±¡¶Õ½ÂÔÓë¹ÜÀí¡·£²£°£°£±ÄêµÚ£µÆÚ¡£
[46] ²ÎÔĶɱ߶þÀÉ¡¶½á¹¹Óë½âÊÍ¡·£¨Ç°Òý£©£³£±£¶££³£±£·Ò³¡£
[47] ͬÉÏ£¬£³£´£±Ò³¡£
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[49] Dworkin, Law¡¯s Empire, op.cit., p.180.
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