ΩԸƽˮʹ罭ϣ
et revelabitur quasi aqua iudicium et iustitia quasi torrens fortis

 

Ϊƶȱԭ

ѧ¶֮

ڶԡιƽ¡ġe֮һ彲ǡʩˡִ˵ǡ֮ã֮֮񣬶֮ɴ˶չĶھȨڡƶϵۼ֣߰ռܸѧƪ֮һ۵Ϊùʧʧ͡ΪΪҲ[]

֪šСܡԡ󡱾ϵʤйȨĹʶ۵۵ת䡣[]˵ġ족˵ġףΩǸʷԽΪͳ֮ѪԵĹϵͳ֮Ĺϵ֮ŸϵIJͬǰ۵ѧλ۵ĵλ۵ӡ족תƵˡˡȻġ¡Ȼֻһ˸ϵĸǣ֮ں׼жϵԣ߼ζжȨͳǷϷij߶ں̶ܴתƵСΩڳ֮ʧ֮ùʧʧѧһںḻԶ֮Ĵͳļ̳ߣҲһͳijԽߡ ֳԽڣһĹϵάƽתΪڡ⣻εںɾתΪƶȨ⡣һϣùʧΪϷı־ʵʡ˵ףΩǸһDZž޴ۿԺͷḻԣΪִ򡰻족Ѱֵ֧ʱ򣬱ʵ󣬶ڴһϵĹУѧһⶼ̵¶ô⼸㳬ԽתǴͷֿԺͷḻԵ㡣ļܹ¡Ȼǹؼڣѿʼһһε¹ɣijӦƶȼ⣬ʷԵƵ˼λá

һ ˼֮Ҳ

ȻΪΪҲ֧һ֮Ĺؼʡ˵ĹָΪstategovernmentϵĹҼָԡáԡƻô塱ָ⣿ֻһνĵԭ롰ʲôϵ롰ʲôϵΪΪҵѧ⣬ۺʵ徿ΪΣ

˵ġҲx֮Ҳ򡣡á˵Ľעƣx֮ѵΪݸˡ쿥˵ͨѵΪ֮Ϊ֤һ˵Ϊ֣֮ΪݡƣǼΪ˵İƪ˲ƣҲˣֱΪ֮ͨҲx߼ΪȻĴʵ񼴽Լ֮xѵӡݴ˿֪Ϊxı֣ǡָǷijֹ淶Ҫݾֹ֮ۺͿ͹̺ijһԭĽɫϵͳͬѭһɫϵͳˣػ

¸һϣͨʵϼĺIJ֡Щѧҵڹͽ·¿ԳôҪ¼ʷĻںǼΪƶ֮ԭġΪ⣬һĹӦþǣȷxָľӦһͼ֮еġݡ˵٣ǧΪҾƶ壬ͬʱʷ̳ӰõҪ֮񡱣ӦûǼؼġʷ塷ʮм12֣漰16࣬Ϊȡڵһȵء𢡢̫ȵȡΪʲٵйĻṹемԸѿضṹΪ´䱾Ϊ֮ǣǿԺϺ߼ƶļӦҵ

񡤴ڲ

ڲְ֮ƽ֮˹֮

Լ°֮Եϵۣʵա¡ǡԘ˾С˾pʦʦѪ𢡢롢؂ɽִ##ķ׵ʳԶ^ԳԟA

񰧰֮ǡ

Աװ

Ծͬ

׼񡭡

񡤴ף

ףף֮ǣ¹飬ꡣ

ƹ£дʡ֣𢣬ʦ磬档磬ϵۡ飬磬ǰףͬ硣ɽɣУ졣ȸңߣڰɡ

ǡơ

ӽϵۣ˺磬˺磬򡣡

ӽϵۣ˺磬򣬶M֮أ棬ܳѧִ͵ѧѶ档

ҹļĻǴӡۡԭʼ˼άͳ̥[]صȱڳݶĶϡ֤ԼͨʽԻԻϡ磺1Ϊϣ֮ǡ̩̳ܲܽʾԼ򯾴ļ֮ȳԸݹȥΪڵصף֮ǡ̩ۡѪܽʾԼ򯾴ļ֮ȳԸݹȥڵ֮ˡ2񡤴˾֡ء񡱡Լ󡱡桱һ񡤴ڲļֹơ롢Լ𣬼֮ڹƷ졣˵ġ룬ҲʾҲʾֳ⡱Ρ롢ͨáʮһ꡷ԻÌԻܡ񡤴ڲÌֵ֮֮裺Ì֮⣻֮⡱˿ɵö֤֣ǡ֣עߣֻʳ[]Ϊʲô졢Ȼ֮˹߽ʳʽԵIJͬij̶ֳǿ˵ȻʹǽоھĿϱ÷dzѣԼͨʽԻԻԣȴ߼˼һԡ֮ѳ£ȴɲ⡣

Ӽ󡢼뷽ʽĿĺͼ֣Ӧ֮Ч񣬵˹뷽ʽ֮졢þ֮ŨسζѪȡطʵȵȣĿģУ˼ĽᣩӣꡢսʤȵȣȻһгһ飬ֻƫزͬҪdzʱdz¶εȼԡӰ죬Ҫڡ𣬱±֮ʽϣ硰Ӽأ𢣬롱ȣ岢޲ͬڽѧ岻Ӱ졣

壨xǻ֣ҡ˵ġҲңɱ֡Т׹ּ͡ġҡ֮ΣƸͬǴӸҲѧΪñǑࡣ[]˵ࣩΪ֮Σ֮ΪΪࡰνԼҲ ɱɱңࡢɱǽ⣬ʲ

ӹ£ԱҲ裺֮£˾ͽţ˾ڲӡְٿ֮ţȮ˾ְʧءҰȦΪѣⶼרִơȮþΪСϲҪļˡҪְƺ˾֮ɶڼ֮ҹʱ ţˡˡֱϵڡ˾ͽ롰˾ְϵͳţˡְ֮֮ţԴ֮룬ţţְ˶ۻ֮񡤴˾ͽְۣ֮ţ֮ 裺Լߣ֮ͬɴ˿֪졢ͼأҪţΪˡְ֮룬θᡣ룬ס򹼡ơ졢ͼ֮⣬ҪΪҪļʲô𢣬˵̳չʵʩһЩ롣īӡضϲׯ乲һ򣬡֮硱Ѫ̫۴ġǣʾڴ磬ִɡԻǣڴԣҲ޲֮ԨԴԶǡơ̫ΣΡμijӦ߼ӵģΪȨϵͳҲֻȼ򵥺ӵ¶ ʫСšԷ갣ũ֮졣֣עƣʢҴɫ֮ķﱨ𢡱ǡ˱ʢ䣬üƷǡëɫһԡϰӦֲʷͳ֮еģɺƶȻ³̵ݡ׹ǵϵļ룬ӦǾԡٷԵģͬ򡣵Ȼҡ˵࣬ϳɡxʱӦɱڵġ׹Dzϡ򡱡Сޡ[]еޣʢԭΪһ֣׹ġġ֮ΡݸΪˡޡһɱ[]Сɱ֮塣ɱʲôľ򡣡źֵ䡷νˡꡢͬͬϣꡢͬ˵ġˣҲ֮꣬ҲͨͬԴ֣ڵ伮Уꡢ屾ͨáǡӹš졷νߣҲ

ҲԽһԴºϵܵ˼顤̩ġϵۣڣ״Իˡǡơӽϵۣ˺磬˺磬ӽϵۣ˺磬򣬶M֮ء֣עࡢˡԼ裺˺ߣѲзɱӦҲš졷£ڣºν֮ˡעƣʹҲϕm裺սΣиܣ֮丣ˣν֮ˡǶ˱֣£˵ʺϡ֮壬Ӧڴˡɼ˵ȼΪˡʡ˵ӡֻǡ桢򡱶硱Ϊⲻս¡һмѰ󴫡꡷ԾУƹġƣʦ磬ν֮硣ɱѪͿܱΪƹġŻȣݲϾʿʦһ̡ ˼һΪףСףһΪ˾󴫡꡷νףְ֮ǷԴӡ֣עСڲν˾֮ʵɡ顤ġν˾ξ֮Ľ䡣͡xֶԣְ˾֮˾֮˾ִִ࣬ݣʾߣնɱ֮󴫡幫꡷أ֮ɡо˾κ筼ᡱ¾͡ܡ˼ΪαҲ˧ִݰ˾ı֣ڰʦҲԼɶãִɣұȣ硣ΪҲ񡤴˾ǵġԼȻᣬ측ǻӦеĹ涨һְҵϸĽʱΡǣޡˡx֮ľȴӦȷһġȹ̫Χȫ̫֮ͬھӣ侴ҲҲ֮Ҳǡ 棬ǾͽеľºмΪҪԪػ¼ԡΪһIJ͡

ԣ

νڽ֮£ϰ桢Ϊġ[]⵱ȻDzģΪǡ塷͡Сڲ˵֮λǣʷĻںΣȻƺδõ͸ķ˵ԹѧҾΪDzԵĵأDz˹ۡĹ۵ڽΪȻҿȻڲͬ龳±ɲͬĿݣڸϣԼʵгֳ岢Ժڹ⣬ΪǵԵͬš־͵ԵߵۺϣŨصĻεԪػɫʡ˵Ϊƶȱԭ򡣵ȻҲֻΪƶȱԭ򣬡ΪܵõֵIJ ԹŲٹ߽Ϊ֮ͷdzࣺܴ֮ijÿ귲Σٴȡﱨл϶ַڹ硣dz֮֡ˮɽֻ֮սʦɱ׷壬Ҳ硣[]֮֮ͷdzֿ֮ũԵԵӦ䲻಻Զij̶ֳϿΪĸԴڡһֽṹϵȻԻܵԵԻԳ͹չΪأҪ֮ĹϵϣϵȺĹϵϡ

ۿΪ־ĹԵԵϵ֯ѪԵϵ֯ȡġ˹Կ˹ƺ͸ŵṹвдѪԵ֯ĸۣ[]÷ĽһݵԼ֮ת۶ϣ[]˵Ķ˼ŹֱָģйĽġ֮ѪԵ֯ġѪԵ֯ġҡչҹͬԴȨԸȨǣָһ㣬ǵ˵ζоĿʼԸȨľȨԲȫڸȨôһӱĹΣڣ߹ϵЩشӣ[]ڱ⣬ýṹΪԵ֯ۡΪΪĹɵļȦָͬijһס֮ΪĵļȦζһֻڵ໥ϵĵԵ֯ȻȨı̬൱ڴѰ١

ϣöϵ׫ġա϶ʹ壬ָ߷ֱָ壨clan or gens壨political-local group֯ǰϵѪԵϵϵ弯ţkinship groupϵ֮Լš[]֮ǰĵԵ֯ţȻ䲢ƽйϵελʫࡷעеһЩĿӡ֤硶鴫˵أ ˽϶ɣԻ˺϶Իڲƻ Ի֮ÿ룬ֹ϶ɣԻֺ ϶Իء Ի֮ԻΪ Ի𢣬ΪҲΪҲ ϶ԻݲΪ𢣬Ϊ Ի˽Ҳ˽񡣡Ȳ߶ȥɽɽޱ֮ǧˣһֹǧ֮ء ȿԿ1֮ܳǰֵҼ䱼ߵһɼͬʱ壨political-local group֯ţ[]2һ壨political-local group֯ڣӦڡһգ롰˽գֱǴ͹ijȨ࣬桢ԭ֯3峤Ϻ˫ݣء桢ԭԡ˽ΪȡͳκϷԵĹؼǡΪȺ磬Ի硣Ϊ磬Ի硣Ϊ磬Ի硣Ϊ磬Ի硣ڣ鴫ġӿơڼԹʢףνԵΪ磬Ի硢硱ƿƲ֮Ϊũ¡

֮£Ψ֡ݡ顤ƪ֮ʱ֮ʱǧʱʮšʮսµֻʣ롢ࡢԡκصνˡӡӾǶ˵սԾɽṹijԣսʤأ˽֮֮ҲȺ̫֮֮Ҳɼսṹݽֱʷ̱ѣֻսΪһҪĹͬΪʲô幫ǰ·ʽ֯ɵġǹڵ֮һ[]ı£Ϊ¾λġ塱ڲЭ壬Ҳ壬ۣ˴DZ˴˼ȵĹͬ档ڲ֮ϵȻǶάϵģȫŦȴҪһ֡ϳΪҺ֮µشĺҪĿģDZǵIJƲ[]Լ۵IJ룬빫ȨйʷеԴȫǺϡ

˵ھѪԵĹУΪ֮Ϊͬ壬ǿŴ˵սʺҪһйȻΪֵùעսĽµṹı仯ʹ򲻶չ󣬴Ӷһµ֯ƺԭγɹ㷺ǿҵ[]˵ûΪ뼮׸ּȤ赭ôӰԽԽλԽԽΪΪԵͬš־͵ԵƷʵеԽԽŨ[]˵һڹҵأйǴʾµ˼ɴ˷εġӡԻףϡǣƶģʽȨһ£һϣ䷢㣬һΪȻΣһΪֻ㡷ԷԻԵԻ̡˵ӡ֤㡣

ǣԷ񡱲֮ʼ塣˵ġ귡ͨΪˣ¡顤áʦã󡣡ǡñӡ顤ܹ֮ţͬҲνҲ̡񡷣ŵķʧ壬񡷣Ϊ䡣֣עΪν˾ҲӾġԭˣͺйԭΪѡĽ˧йԭΪϲͬ壨ǡӡڳԳݣҲ⳯Թ٣Ҳ߰ˣ߹͡ᄈ͸ԣζһֶΣ񣩡ǡˡлν֮塣ԡסԡʡԡԡ塱֮ƣͣʶδҲףδҲһԻˣڵڣ⡣ԣζһ׽ɫϵ׼򷨶ȣ壩硶ǡǡߣ֮Ҳߣ֮Ҳӡߣڽ˶ҲϰµҲӡסԺϾֵܷ֮ҲΪ˶ߵĸݣζһֳģΪ֮Ϊԭ壩ǡˡԴ塱󴫡ɹ꡷壬ƽ֮ҲӡѳơνߣĶҲûбjusticeһķ붨ˡ

ѧСΪΪҲ壬ָΪ֮Ϊԭ塣˼˵ִӦƶȵԼʵΪḣ׷ά

ǡ

塱壨[]ͬʱγɵġʷݽIJ¼ӳŸԱŵ֯ϵjusticeһϣڵҪ˵Ϊ֮嵱ȻҲֵġΪijֳԽΣζŶԼijԼСл𢡱ǵӡһһӣǡǡԹ̶ϰ׻Ϊзֹʵ弰ƶȵγˡȻǡĺɴij֡塱ڣǷ壬зֵùעIJֻ˼άˮƽߣʵƶȻгֵijֱ仯컯Ƕı롪ִѧǣȨٹʹáɴ˼ǶΪƶȵľԭǿȻ˳µġʵϣʱǡ롰塱ĺгͳһһֱʵеԼֵۡԣǿԾҪΪ֮ʵƶȻ״ʹ֮عͳһŬ ǻصʷﳢ֤

ΪΪضµõϿɵϵṹ״̬顤鷶˵ƫ飬֮壻ã֮֮·ƫ޵޵ƫƽƽ޷޲ֱ࣬塢·ǽʡ֮ΪijϾԣƫ޵޷޲ࡱѧ߱׫ĵ伮Уݡġ̡ܵƶȽṹԷǵõϿɵġӶڹʷϵʼսἰҪ¼мĹʶֻڶ¼˼ԸĽ͡ΪҶķңҲòϡϹžڵ¡ӡ󼡷ڵ¡ǡ֮УΪʲô[]ӡԡ壬塱ΪΪġϡӦòֻһ˸ͬʱҲһƶȵġεĸ˵һʱ⣬ôǿ˵ָһΪĵΣȨṹνṹΧ״̬

ѧ˵Ϻж׶εʵ֮ڿӡֹϵڡ롰ӡ֮ҲǿհһƬȻʵεδͳнԶֵȻΪμءӡ󴫡ļǿһСЩμᵽһͳʱ򣬶ԡ֮򡭡Ϊʽص㣬[]ЩеȻ֮Ե۵ĴǰᡣǵĹʶǣ֮־֮Ҳ壬֮ҲġDzزϣԡ֮֮ϵ״ԭһĿ졣

ߣ֮Ҳϡ

ҲҲԱҲ򸣲֮ʧߣܹ¶գŲС

壬ӡ¡

ؼ¡

¾ߴ壬󡭡֮оҲԷ񡣡һ

ˣˣ֮֮Ҳ㣬Ҳ

ԵԸաġ

ʫ顷֮Ҳ񡷡֮֡Ҳ¡壬֮Ҳ󴫡ҹʮ꡷

壬а󴫡ҹʮ꡷

壬˸󴫡ɹһ꡷

ԳţԲ壬ƽ֮Ҳ󴫡ɹ꡷

ʩݣаԽ˳ʱ󴫡ɹʮ꡷

֮Ҳ󴫡幫꡷

ۥĹǨʷԻھۥԻ񣬹֮Ҳ֮֮Ҳӣ±ɡԻɳҲθΪۥԻ̳֮ʱҲӣǨҲĪ֮Ǩ£ۥĹ䡣Ի֪ݴͳֵ֪Ŀ϶жϣ󴫡Ĺʮ꡷

壬Ҳīӡ˵ϡ

ߣҲīӡ־С

ôģǿֻǣһ岻dzǾЧʡЧõĹƶȡǹ֮[]ˣͳһġɴ˲ѿȻνĵ񡱵IJͬʷڷӳαʵϵϣ乲֮ͬͳһѷ˵ģǡġ塱Ĺؼڡϡ[]ȻⲢȡھ˵һ֮תذı˸ڹ⣩ʷӲԼıǹĶԪгͳһ˵֯ϵͳδ֯ϵͳг׷[]Ȼ֮󻯵ij嶯ֲԣֻԶִȨϵͳи֮ʱó嶯п˳ʵ֡Ϊ˽ᷴܽͣΪȻر壩ǰ൱ʱڣǿƼжΥ棬ͷȴòʼͳֳһ̶ȵľ⡣

йչĵ·Եġṹ棬ζƶȷչڷƶûܵϣƷԼģ˿ijϴȻڵĻܹˣΧչľ¡ũԻγɵƶԭһֱûѭ߼չʵ廯ΪԳһƶϵDZ˵ʵƶϵ֮ڣΪ书Բ̬ڡ[]츴˵ڻϣ˵ĹھĹ[]ָһ״ˣΪǵƶ̺ҪһƶƻеΪ֮ӦȻԭ񣩡

󴫡ѹʮ꡷أԼӴҾ֮Ӵش˵ҲҲ塷ġ֮ģ֮òΪǣΪδ񡱺ܺõ˵ǵ֡ĺ棬Ľš˽빫Ľšǰҵѱ岢dzĵԭ򣬶Ǹļ⣬ŵֻ˽[]ָʱҪָ˽Ҫָ˽Ҵĸ棬Сרί˵[]սΪ˵ǿƼҪԹ֮䡢֮䡢ƽ֮ԾΪȨ/ṹʱΡºͼֵϵȫһġһ֮Ҳ˰ΪҲ֮ĪҽҲԷҲⲻڶ̰¼ӡ󴫡ҹʮ꡷žӣѡν˵׼ԼΪĸıɵṹȡµƶȰţšᱳ ƽնһƶȸıij嶯̣ʵбΪĶΣӭͬԷ⡱ǽ˽һ֮֮ϡ˼Ƕƶ֮Ե֣̽ҲΪؽ߼ͳһΪἰƶ̬Ļعṩ۵׼֧֡һʶԤʶȱȻǸϿɽܣˣʵϵṹ֮ͣ仯ϵģ߼ƶȶ󻯡ݴˣƶȵԴֵϾ»ʥݴˣƶȵԹ淶 Իȡ󴫡ѹʮ꡷

壬ƽ֮Ҳ󴫡ɹ꡷

Գ񡣡󴫡꡷

֮оҲ Դϡ

֮Ҳʧ壬ףʷ֮Ҳ֪֮֮Ҳǡ

ߣ֮Ҳǡˡ

Ҳ֮ʵҲδ֮УҲǡˡ

ˣڵڣ⡣һ

ߣνҲߣ֮飬Ե֮Ϊ֮Ҳӡϡ

壬ʣʺģ֮ҪҲӡ ѧľ۶е˼ܽ᣺һƣһַϹʶƶȣԹΪ顱ʿ£һʷԸ龳ԡҪǿǣ䷢ȫȻڹŴḶ̌ijֳ˼IJ֮־֮Ҳ壬֮ҲܶߣҲijϣDzǽȷ궨Ϊ֮һָ˼ά֮ͳһ۵ͣڵġ֮ƶζأΪڳ֮չתΪ֮֮͡ζأΪ֮[]ʵϣǶƶȣΪ֮˽רƵķ񶨡

˽빫

ȷɡ֮͡ķչ缰ںΪΪҲӦʹǶԡѧһȫµ⡣ΪԿһһѧᄈμ䴫ͳϵ۶ƶ֮ԭļ֡ǰӦ֤һ㣬ٶԵڶЩۺϲ䡣

Ͻͻֻʲô֮ԣĪ壬Ȼߣ֮Ҳﷱ¶Ӣˡ֮͡ĵͿ֪ضһ֮֮߼IJģνյĵ߼ϵϵĹؼھǿƵġ˵׼һ֮ɽ֮ˡרԴӼѡ񡣽廹ϵˡ׷ĻΪġ壬ЭȷʵԼ棨ģʡֻһӦȻ룬ӳԸȻָͳμš 󴫡幫ʮ꡷

ԻʺνӣӶԻνߣöͬ飬ȡͬͳоڱ㷨¶ΪƥԸΪ޲ơνӡǡ塷

ܹԻҲעҲ󴫡꡷

ʵԴΪ@ҲӡΤע񡣣

ΪΪͬΪߣ֮νʡΪߣ֮νʡʳףΪסڶպͣܵڹʲҰףڿ֮˽ʼաһ

֮֮ͣҲףԹΪסġ

ӲԶ٣Եʧʿͨơй֮Ϣţ򣬴֮Ϣ࣬ڣ䲻ޱңΪ԰ʿϽҵַʩܻءӡԡ

Ҳ͡Ϊߣ֮νʡΪߣ֮νʡʳףΪסεľҶڹȨ̬ȡѧڴӡˣڼ֮ࣻңţ򣻰ٳ֮ң֮о֮еĻ󣬽˵ΪΪҲҶߣСӡ˼ͬˡ[]ΪֺĶǸ棬Ҷáġֺ֮ƶȱԡηֹֺ˵ǡöͬ飬ȡͬͳоڱ㷨¶ΪƥԸΪ޲ơǡʡࣺͬ

й㡢塣Ӵ̶Ƚϸߵ֮ĺƼ˵ġԣָ֮Ե£֮񡱵Ľ̻ʩΣ²٣ָƵԸڹϣĻϣʩҲƫDzЭĹϵ

ҲΪҲΪ󡣡ǡӹΪ󡱣ϵͳļֵԭ򣻡Ϊ󡱣ϵͳļֵԭ׵԰յļͥаᣬǷأشǷ񶨵ġһʶУƺԾһ׵ش⡣ʵȻȻܵסǡǡַ£干ͣ½ףͬΪֵܣΪˡˣ֮ʱԹ˽ϵԾաԽТȡʣѳΪձԺͳԵԭ򣬶ֻǾһһ֮Сͳ˵һԭҪ֮ijƼˣΡӡ¡֮ij߶ȲͨһֳܱܲʣܲɰΪգԹΪʩĻȷȨĹʹáıڴˡԡӹ˵Ҳߣ¬Ҳƣ¬ȡɣ֮ΪӡΪߣΪ¬ȻҲͬĵҲԼͬʱİͼ£ҵĿ겢Ϊijһ׼ĵͻҸΪȫ幫ҸΪһijǰпҵ塣[]

󴫡꡷νҲ˼Ҳѧ˵ ʫƣֻӣ֮ĸ֮ú֮֮֮֮ν֮ĸʫ󴫡ͬĴͳڡѧߵõۺϣ˼·ǡʫġӡڹȴǴǶȶչ[]ӡΪߣ֮νʡԿһеԵתӦΪĻԾḻ[]ڶʵĹ⣬ǿ˵ǿ̡ԡλǿʵϣҪΪȷƵԡˣҶ̵ĻɣҲҲӦ򵥻Ϊ͡εЧԭķ񶨡׼ȷ˵dzڶһԭֵ֮õǡ֮ȻӶܹ֮ij羴Լ֮ԽIJ˵dzڶƶȱȰͳ˵dzڶƶ̺ƶԵӣԼʵνṹɥʧʹϧ ȻûгֵչƪΪҪѧȴ˼άȣӾչ/ѧϵͳṫչƶ/ѧϵͳͬ˼·Ȼ²ͬηԣӶֳʻΪɫʩɫڡιƽ¡֮󣬡ѧԡΪΪҲ˵ʮӺѧ˼ϴdzصIJͬȴάijƽ⡣[]

ҲҲ߱壬׶𡣺߱ʣסʹи֮ĸ֮ף˶ν֮ĸӡ

ĸ׶𣻸סˮ֮Ҳ׶𣻻סǡǡ

ijҲأҲʽ֣֮Ҳ֮Ҳֿ֮νʢӣǡּǡ

ʹи֮ĸ֮ס֮ʵԭ֮ԭءӣͬºӡ԰֮֮ӡǡּǡҪӦǣ֮֡ԳΪѧѧĻͼֵʷĽǶ˵ȻŴνṹ֯ϵͳء߼ĽǶ˵һṹԱҲǻȻԵͳһɴƽʣЧʣ壩ֵּԭ֯ϵͳʮġΪ淢չ˵ҪȻ֪ͽƲΪͽСʱⲻͬӵѧԭΪģҪֽ˸ƣӵѧԭΪص㣬ִƶȽ衣[]

ŵѧǽϵһģΪεĻĿ꣬αӦþֵĪ⡣ΪϵǾͽҵѧ˵ѧȻǻƵġɱǣ弰䴫˶ԡѧĽˡҲΪỷIJͬ¾伯עʷϷ˵Ǿ޴һģѳΪĻͳлɲ֡ǣӡǡԼͳڹһ֪֮ʶƫȫǽĹ˵ӰȴǸģбҪԳ塣

˵֮˵ߵһ塣ƽ顷Ǵѧ˵ȷ֮ȶӡѧν֮磬ʵǹ˽֮ıѧµĹϵ⣬ʵѧȨƶȣĹϵ⡣

顤ӡġڷԪ󣬺δ[]ڣذܺõ˵ˡ볼һ˫ʽȨĹϵ[]ʱսڱԱʡ޵СϹžڵ¡бΧչΧչԭѶԾġѧͨΪһͳвļжʵвƵУҲжƵ׷

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[] ڹͽ·Ӱ죬һʮҪѧ˼뱻ں⡣

[] νۣ򵥵˵ָǻijѪԵijһȨṹάϵ֮ijһȨṹΪijѪԵԵʶӡ족Ϸԣνۣ򵥵˵ָǻijֵԶijһȨṹάϵ֮ijһȨṹΪijֵԵԵʶӡ족Ϸԣ [] μŹֱйͭʱ꣬1999ꡣ

[] Ρ롷173ҳ֣꡷⣺Ի

[] μ֛V˵ݡ롰ҡءоʮ߼

[] ׹ʷ˵磬2002ꡣ漰ţǴ䣬Ϊķ߶ء֮ҪΪһһλ顣

[] μݬейؿ֤Ϻ磬1988ꡣ

[] 򣺡ʷѧļʾ˵Ϻż磬1996ꡣ

[] ղ۴Σ롷320ҳչż磬1992ꡣ

[] ˼˹ѡľ113ҳ磬1972ꡣ

[] ÷򡶹Ŵ£ӡݣ1986ꡣ

[] άڡƶۡᡰͳͳͳһ۶ϻdzģȨȴŦ֧ŲġߡԵ¼ϷоЩбȽϳֵۡ

[] Ļʷۼйѧ磬1995ꡣ

[] ʷǡܱ͡ν޺֮ҵմӶ鱣ɡʵϣҲϹŸһṹ

[] μ˼ʱǰ̬

[] ۡ£77ҳҶ룬ӡݣ1964ꡣ

[] ˴ĸս֯ãһս죬ǻԶһ˵λΪͬĺģԭȲԵIJƸֻսࣻսܶ䣻ġս̵ĸƷѪԵͨ鷶Χ󣬲֮ͬͨ鳤ԶIJѪԵĻͣµIJ塣ҷйʷͨۡʦѧ磬2000꣬31ҳСΨũ񡱵˵ˡԱ֮Ҳϵ岻սȡ

[] ֱչΪԵʹͳϽȨ֮ɫ̳ԼѲƶȵȡΡ׻ͨע衣һ棬ΪũҵĹжעڱȻɼũ̳̳ɫ̳λò֡

[] TWĽƶȶΪһΪЩ漰ᡢμΪֹԶУǿԿƶں̶ܴͬ壬кʷϵá

[] ߡ֮Դۡйѧڶʮ硣

[] һʽµͨΪΣһΪֵܽжϵijʵ¼Բߣ¼ԲǰһĹϵ౳ӶԼ޳ɻ򷴶Ե̬ȣ硶󴫡ҹʮ꡷֮짷࣬塣ʧ̡룬ͼ֣֮ϡ꫶ʱ棬ǹʡ֮Ҳ¶ԣã֮磬֮ʹܺ¶η̴ܱ󡣡 [] ʱԽ磬ȺĹԾԽǿȺϵҲԽͬһѧԶŵīֱΪܵĽǣʱĸлȺ壬ν档

[] ˸񲻵򡣵Ȩ㣬ѡһλ伴ζѡһ˸Ȩ͵ԣԴΤν͡ͳ͡Ȩõ֤ [] αߡ֮

[] ǡһʣģײ죬񡣡·֮𱰡ദߣйͬ࣬ʽ֮ϡӹ֮Īֱ֮࣬ԹʵҲǵر񣬹ʲΪҲƶȻֱ֤ӲŵõֵչڳưԵҪѡȴ޵˵Ӻǡ˹˼롣ΡԵ¼Ϸо [] 츴ۣ˼ʷһѧ֣1980ꡣ

[] ʷǡ³ܹҡ̫ʷԻ츸ɹ֮ʣҲ֮£ɱmұΪ׹ѹѹԱҾ֮ӣºҲ

[] ΰϣܵ˼ķչ켣ѧ¿1990һ

[] ˵롰֮͡Ⱥϵһֻ˼뷢չ߼ƶϡʷ޷չ

[] ߸ӵijЩͬνѧѧ׫СѧΪѧ˵ѧļѧ磬1984ʵͬһͬԨԶĴͳҲ˵ѧ֮˼ʱӣ

[] ͼ133 ҳӡݣ1986

[] ֮ú֮֮֮塣ΪҪһҽṹȴҪһԭȫִϵ׷ľȴͨģڽƶȵĽ˵һ֧

[] ףԹΪסƫģһϵᡣصйء

[] ѧӲҶɽڹ˵Ȼֻڷij׶Ρ

[] ɴγɵۣ߽֮ͬ̽֡

[] ˵ġҲΪ

[] ƶȾѧ270ҳӡݣ1996