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巴门尼德著作残篇
英文译文据John Burnet's Early Greek Philosophy，中文译文据商务版《西方哲学原著选读》。
(1) The car that bears me carried me as far as ever my heart desired, when it
had brought me and set me on the renowned way of the goddess, which leads the
man who knows through all the towns. On that way was I carried along; for on it
the wise steeds carried me, drawing my car, and maidens showed the way. And the
axle, glowing in the socket -- for it was urged round by the whirling wheels at
each end -- gave a sound like a pipe, when the daughters of the Sun, to convey
me into the light, threw back their veils from off their faces and left the
abode of Night.
我乘坐的驷马高车拉着我前进，极力驰骋随我高兴，后来它把我带上天下闻名的女神大道，这条大道引导着明白人走遍所有的城镇。于是我的马车沿着那条道路趱行，拉车的马儿十分聪明，载着我前进，少女们为我指点出途径。车轴磨得滚烫，在轴函中发出震耳的啸声，因为它的两端被旋转的车轮带着飞速地翻腾。那时太阳的女儿们离开夜宅，掠过头上的纱巾，把马车赶向光明。
There are the gates of the ways of Night and Day, fitted above with a lintel
and below with a threshold of stone. They themselves, high in the air, are
closed by mighty doors, and Avenging justice keeps the keys that fit them. Her
did the maidens entreat with gentle words and cunningly persuade to unfasten
without demur the bolted bars from the gates. Then, when the doors were thrown
back, they disclosed a wide opening, when their brazen posts fitted with rivets
and nails swung back one after the other. Straight through them, on the broad
way, did the maidens guide the horses and the car, and the goddess greeted me
kindly, and took my right hand in hers, and spoke to me these words:
那里矗立着一座大门，把白天和黑夜的道路划分，上边有门楣，下边有石头的门槛；这天门上巨大的双扉闭得紧紧，保管启门之钥的是狄凯，那专司报应的女神。少女们用恭维的词令央告这位尊神，机灵地劝她同意把插牢的门闩拿开。于是门闩除去，两根嵌着钉子的黄铜门轴在轴函中一根接着一根转动，门道洞开。少女们驱着驷马高车笔直地走进门来，女神亲切地将我接待，握着我的右手，用下面的话语向我说：
Welcome, O youth, that come to my abode on the car that bears you tended by
immortal charioteers! It is no ill chance, but right and justice that has sent
you to travel on this way. Far, indeed, does it lie from the beaten track of
people! It is proper for you to learn all things, as well the unshaken heart of
well-rounded truth, as the opinions of mortals in which is no true belief at
all. Yet none the less will you learn these things also, -- how passing right
through all things one should judge the things that seem to be.
青年人，你在不朽的驭手陪同下，乘着高车驷马来到我的门庭，十分欢迎！领你走上这条大道的不是恶煞（因为这大道离开人间的小径确实很远），而是公平正直之神。所以你应当学习各种事情，从圆满真理的牢固核心，直到毫不包含真理的凡夫俗子的意见。意见尽管不真，你还是要加以体验，因为必须通过彻底的全面钻研，才能对假相作出判断。——
But do you restrain your thought from this way of inquiry, nor let habit by its
much experience force you to cast upon this way a wandering eye or sounding ear
or tongue; but judge by argument the much disputed proof uttered by me. There
is only one way left that can be spoken of ...
要使你的思想远离这种研究途径，别让习惯用经验的力量把你逼上这条路。只是以茫然的眼睛、轰鸣的耳朵或舌头为准绳，而要用你的理智来解决纷争的辩论。你面前只剩下一条道路，可以放胆遵循。——
The Way of Truth
(2) Look steadfastly with your mind at things though afar as if they were at
hand. You can not cut off what is from holding fast to what is, neither
scattering itself abroad in order nor coming together.
要用你的心灵牢牢地注视那遥远的东西，一如近在目前。因为它不会把存在者从存在者的联系中割裂，以至分崩瓦解，或者聚集会合。
(3) It is all one to me where I begin; for I will come back again there.
在我看来存在者是一个共同体，我就从这里开始；因为我将重新回到这里。
(4, 5) Come now, I will tell you -- and do you listen to my saying and carry it
away -- the only two ways of search that can be thought of. The first, namely,
that it is, and that it is impossible for it not to be, is the way of belief,
for truth is its companion. The other, namely, that it is not, and that it must
needs not be,-that, I tell you, is a path that none can learn of at all. For
you can not know what is not-that is impossible-nor utter it; for it is the
same thing that can be thought and that can be.
来吧，我告诉你（我的话你要谛听），只有哪些研究途径是可以设想的。第一条是：存在者存在，它不可能不存在。这是确信的途径，因为它遵循真理。另一条是：存在者不存在，这个不存在必然存在。走这条路，我告诉你，是什么都学不到的。因为不存在者你是既不能认识（这当然办不到），也不能说出的。因为能被思维者和能存在者是同一的。
(6) It must be that what can be spoken and thought is; for it is possible for
it to be, and it is not possible for what is nothing to be. This is what I bid
you ponder. I hold you back from this first way of inquiry, and from this other
also, upon which mortals knowing nothing wander two-faced; for helplessness
guides the wandering thought in their breasts, so that they are carried along
stupefied like people deaf and blind. Unreasonable crowds, who hold that it is
and is not the same and not the same, all things travel in opposite directions!
必定是：可以言说，可以思议者存在，因为它存在是可能的，而不存在者存在是不可能的。这就是我教你牢记在心的。这就是我吩咐你注意的第一条研究途径。然后你要注意另一条途径：在那条途径上，那些什么都不明白的凡人们两头彷徨。因为他们的心中不知所措，被摇摆不定的念头支配着，所以象聋子和瞎子一样无所适从。这些不能分辨是非的群氓，居然认为存在者和不存在者同一又不同一，一切事物都有正反两个方面！
(7) For this will never be proved, that the things that are not are; and do you
restrain your thought from this way of inquiry.
因为勉强证明不存在者存在，是根本不可能的。你要让自己的思想远离这条研究途径。
(8) One path only is left for us to speak of, namely, that it is. In this path
are very many tokens that what is is uncreated and indestructible; for it is
complete, immovable, and without end. Nor was it ever, nor will it be; for now
it is, all at once, a continuous one. For what kind of origin for it will you
look for? In what way and from what source could it have drawn its increase? .
. . I will not let you say nor think that it came from what is not; for it can
neither be thought nor uttered that anything is not. And, if it came from
nothing, what need could have made it arise later rather than sooner? Therefore
must it either be altogether or be not at all. Nor will the force of truth
suffer anything to arise besides itself from that which is not. For this
reason, justice does not loose her fetters and let anything come into being or
pass away, but holds it fast. Our judgment thereon depends on this: "Is it
or is it not?" Surely it is decided, as it must be, that we are to set
aside the one way as unthinkable and nameless (for it is no true way), and that
the other path is real and true. How, then, can what is be going to be in the
future? Or how could it come into being? If it came into being, it is not; nor
is it if it is going to be in the future. Thus is becoming extinguished and
passing away not to be heard of.
所以只剩下一条途径，就是：存在者存在。在这条途径上有许多标志表明，存在者不是产生出来的，也不能消灭，因为它是完全的、不动的、无止境的。它既非过去存在，亦非将来存在，因为它整个在现在，是个连续的一。因为你愿意给它找出哪种来源来呢？它能以什么方式、从什么东西里长出来呢？我也不能让你这样说或想：它从不存在者里产生；因为存在者不存在是不可言说、不可思议的。而且，如果它来自不存在，它有什么必要不早一点或迟一点产生呢？所以它必定是要末永远存在，要末根本不存在。
Nor is it divisible, since it is all alike, and there is no more of it in one
place than in another, to hinder it from holding together, nor less of it, but
everything is full of what is. For this reason it is wholly continuous; for
what is, is in contact with what is.
存在者也是不可分的，因为它全部都是一样的，没有哪个地方比另一个地方多些，妨碍它的连续，也没有哪里少些。因此它是整个连续的；因为存在者是与存在者连接的。
Moreover, it is immovable in the bonds of mighty chains, without beginning and
without end; since coming into being and passing away have been driven afar,
and true belief has cast them away. It is the same, and it rests in the self-same
place, abiding in itself. And thus it remains constant in its place; for hard
necessity keeps it in the bonds of the limit that holds it fast on every side.
For this reason it is not permitted to what is to be infinite; for it is in
need of nothing; while, if it were infinite, it would stand in need of
everything.
而且，存在者是不动的，被巨大的锁链捆着，无始亦无终；因为产生与消灭已经被赶得很远，被真信念赶跑了。它是同一的，永远在同一个地方，居留在自身之内。因为强大的必然性把它用锁链从四面八方捆着，不能越雷池一步。因此存在者不能是无限的，因为它没有缺陷；如果无限，那就正好是有缺陷的了。
The thing that can be thought and that for the sake of which the thought exists
is the same; for you cannot find thought without something that is, as to which
it is uttered. And there is not, and never will be, anything besides what is,
since fate has chained it so as to be whole and immovable. For this reason all
these things are but names which mortals have given, believing them to be
true-coming into being and passing away, being and not being, change of place
and alteration of bright color.
可以被思想的东西和思想的目标是同一的；因为你找不到一个思想是没有它所表达的存在物的。存在者之外，决没有，也决不会有任何别的东西，因为命运已经用锁链把它捆在那不可分割的、不动的整体上。因此凡人们在语言中加以固定的东西，如产生和消灭，是和不是，位置变化和色彩变化，只不过是空洞的名词。
Since, then, it has a furthest limit, it is complete on every side, like the
mass of a rounded sphere, equally poised from the center in every direction;
for it cannot be greater or smaller in one place than in another. For there is
no nothing that could keep it from reaching out equally, nor can anything that
is be more here and less there than what is, since it is all inviolable. For
the point from which it is equal in every direction tends equally to the
limits.
然而，由于存在者有一条最后的边界，它在各方面都是完全的，好象一个滚圆的球体，从中心到每一个方面距离都相等，因为不能在哪个地方大一点或小一点。因为既没有一个不存在者破坏团结，也没有一个存在者在这里或那里比存在者多点或少点，因为它是完全不可损毁的。因为那个与哪一方面距离都相等的点是与边界距离相等。
(刘伟录入)
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